1,720,976 research outputs found
Two-stage Clustering for Profiling Residential Customer Demand
No full textSince the power system operation and planning depend on generation and consumption behavior, load and generation patterns are fundamental inputs for power system analyses. TSOs and DSOs use typical daily profiles for representing the consumption of the end-users. The evolution of power systems, due to the increased integration of renewables, and the changed end-users’ practices are stressing the operation and planning processes. The updating of the typical load profiles to the behavior of current customers is often disregarded, and currently the used profiles refer to out-of-date and incomplete measurement campaigns. This paper proposes an innovative two- stage clustering methodology, able to find typical load profiles of residential customers. The focus to the residential customers is due to their extremely variable behavior in their consumption. The results add to the current practice useful improvements for planning and operation studies
A cyber-physical platform for simulating energy transactions in local energy markets
No full textThe paper deals with the design and development of a cyber-physical platform for simulating new local smart electricity markets where even small size consumers and prosumers, located on a relatively small geographic area, can sell/buy the electrical energy or power to contribute to the balance of the power system. The local electricity market is managed by a commercial aggregator, organized as a Virtual Power Plant (VPP), that gathers the energy/power flexibility bids from its consumers/prosumers portfolio. The aggregator is responsible for making trading offers in the day ahead and ancillary services (balancing, reserve, voltage regulation, congestion management) electricity markets, and is also responsible for technical aspects and for commercial transactions among its users by exploiting the Blockchain technology
Techno-economics evaluation of electrolyser technologies: multicriteria decision making with SmartGridEval
No full textThe global landscape of hydrogen use has witnessed significant developments. Its high energy density and ability to be stored for an extended period make it an excellent fuel for storage systems. Green hydrogen, produced through renewable electricity, is identified as a crucial complement to optimising renewable energy production via the electrolysis process and provides several benefits to the power system, including avoiding network criticalities (e.g., overvoltages and overcurrents), using the excess energy during renewable energy sources peak generation time, enhanced distribution network hosting capacity, increased system flexibility, and improved system efficiency. The technology for producing green hydrogen includes different electrolysers, such as alkaline, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), anion exchange membrane (AEM), etc. In this paper, the appraisal of the most suitable electrolyser technology will be identified through Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) using the ISGAN SmartGridEval. The paper explores the techno-economic analysis and comparison of various key performance indicators (KPIs), such as electrolyser efficiency, electrolyser capacity, hydrogen production rate through the HySupply tool, and cost-effectiveness (operational cost, capital cost), to identify the best technology that can increase green hydrogen production by using variable RES fluctuations and analyse its impact on the hosting capacity of the power sector
The digitalization of peer-to-peer electricity trading in energy communities
No full textOne of the motivating factors for developing energy communities is to create an opportunity for peer-to-peer trading among the members. Smart meters, Internet of Things devices, distributed ledger, and digitalization enable energy communities based on renewable energy production to thrive. The local energy market participants can trade energy and provide services to the upstream distribution and transmission system operators. This chapter introduces the local energy market concept describing enabling technologies. A laboratory-scale local energy community operated by P2P and blockchain is used to show the feasibility and benefits of this new technology
Multi-Criteria Analysis for decision making applied to active distribution network planning
No full textAlong with increasing presence of renewable energy in the distribution network, active network planning approach is of utmost interest for distribution system operators to harness the maximum benefits from the resources. However, it has been a challenge for the decision maker to choose the optimal planning option considering the multiple conflicting criteria. In this paper, a systematic and automatized approach for project selection based on Multi-Criteria Analysis is proposed for assessing a large set of planning alternatives. A case study has been done for a typical rural distribution network, a Pareto front of planning alternatives obtained by means of a multi-objective optimisation is analysed. Each alternative involves the optimal siting and sizing of storage units along with traditional network upgrading solutions. An automatized pairwise comparison procedure within the Analytic Hierarchy Process is proposed for rejecting subjectivity. The promising analysis illustrates the ‘best’ project selection considering nine criteria for storage system deployment to provide flexibility to the distribution network. The proposed approach aims at identifying the planning alternative that best satisfies the stakeholders’ expectation considering the multiplicity of decision makers’ points of view
Comparative techno-economic analysis of market models for peer-to-peer energy trading on a distributed platform
No full textSince the emergence of distributed energy resources, local electricity markets have garnered interest for energy sharing on a community scale through both centralized and distributed models, including innovative distributed platforms. Numerous studies and initiatives have demonstrated that local markets and peer-to-peer transactions can be effective for electricity networks under specific conditions. Amidst the growing exploration of local market models, there is a noticeable gap in quantitative techno-economic analyses comparing different auction mechanisms. This paper aims at filling this gap by representing a comparative analysis of the most commonly implemented double-sided market models for peer-to-peer transactions based on a distributed ledger implementation. The comparison is based on quantitative key performance indicators designed to assess the economic and technical performance of these market models, including technical constraints within the power system through a network constraints management market. According to the selected metrics, the simulation results reveal that no single model outperforms all others. The authors conclude that, under the tested application and assumed conditions, the distributed market using distributed ledger technology faces several challenges that hinder its efficient application to local energy trading
Remuneration mechanisms for investment in reactive power flexibility
Full text linkThe practices fortheprocurement for the procurement of voltage control capability need changing because of the evolution of the power system driven by the penetration of renewable sources, low carbon policies, and decentralisation. New providers have to be involved. Therefore, new mechanisms to achieve cost-effective solutions have to be encouraged. To this aim, a cost-based incentive mechanism and a weighted auction are proposed for procuring additional reactive power capacity. Both mechanisms are conceived for encouraging effective investment in voltage control by reducing the overall procurement cost. Hence, the voltage sensitivity of the reactive power provider is part of both mechanisms. Voltage sensitivity is evaluated through the Multi Infeed Interaction Factors while the American Electric Power methodology is used for identifying the reactive power costs. The proposed mechanisms are general, and they can be exploited in transmission and distribution networks irrespective of the asset, which provides the reactive capacity. A case study concerning the 39-bus New-England power system is presented for providing the proof of concept of the proposed mechanisms. The analysis of the two mechanisms’ pros and cons highlights that the weighted auction creates competition and shows low risks related to the exercise of potential market power
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Multicriteria methodologies for the appraisal of smart grid projects when flexibility competes with grid expansion
Full text linkThe severe consequences expected due to the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events call for improving the environmental sustainability of our society. The electricity sector is pivotal in the path toward a climate-neutral society. Nowadays, the massive use of renewable energy sources requires that electricity demand follows energy production. Demand has to be flexible, as well as the renewable generation and the grid infrastructures. The power system has to assume a decentralised structure and integrate the transportation and cooling and heating sectors. All customers connected to the electrical grid have to contribute to the power system management and participate in the related markets. The power system has to become smart; all technical and market processes have to be digitalised to enable new functionalities and services.
The power system transformation requires rethinking planning and operation practices to accommodate the changes and take advantage of the related opportunities. The novel features and services available in the active and flexible power system will influence the customers' daily habits; therefore, the impacts generated by planning initiatives will cross the power system borders by impacting society as a whole. Since the power system will be operated closer to its technical limits, it is crucial to enhance the management of uncertainties by the increased accuracy of load and generation forecast.
This thesis addresses the ongoing power system transformation by focusing on the distribution system, which will face unprecedented changes. This thesis concerns novel approaches for appraising the project initiatives based on the use of the users' flexibility connected to the grid. Traditional appraisal tools are no longer effective; therefore, decision-makers have to be supported with tools capable of capturing the complexity of the future power system in which flexibility measures compete with grid expansion.
In this thesis, an assessment framework for smart grid initiatives which combines the cost-benefit analysis and the multi-criteria analysis proposed. Based on international guidelines, this framework allows for a systematic and simultaneous assessment of tangible and the intangible impacts considering conflicting criteria. To complete the assessment framework, a novel methodology which combines Regret Theory and multi-criteria analysis is proposed. The proposed methodology represents one of the main contributions of this dissertation. It supports the decision-maker to identify the most valuable option by decomposing the complex decision-making problem of smart grid planning and rejecting personal biases by avoiding the need for defining the evaluation criteria relevance. However, the stakeholders’ perspective can be included in terms of constraints for the minimax optimisation problem.
In conclusion, the contribution of the thesis is to provide decision-making support tools for strategical power system planning.
The research activities described in this document have been aimed at supporting system operators and regulatory bodies by providing tools for smart grid project appraisal and improving the accuracy of power system studies considering the novel context features
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