369 research outputs found
Physiological adaptations to a weight-loss dietary regimen and exercise programs in women
No full textKraemer, William J., Jeff S. Volek, Kristine L. Clark, Scott E. Gordon, Thomas Incledon, Susan M. Puhl, N. Travis Triplett-McBride, Jeffrey M. McBride, Margot Putukian, and Wayne J. Sebastianelli.Physiological adaptations to a weight-loss dietary regimen and exercise programs in women. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 270–279, 1997.—Thirty-one women (mean age 35.4 ± 8.5 yr) who were overweight were matched and randomly placed into either a control group (Con; n = 6), a diet-only group (D; n = 8), a diet+aerobic endurance exercise training group (DE; n = 9), or a diet+aerobic endurance exercise training+strength training group (DES; n = 8). After 12 wk, the three dietary groups demonstrated a significant ( P ≤ 0.05) reduction in body mass, %body fat, and fat mass. No differences were observed in the magnitude of loss among groups, in fat-free mass, or in resting metabolic rate. The DE and DES groups increased maximal oxygen consumption, and the DES group demonstrated increases in maximal strength. Weight loss resulted in a similar reduction in total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among dietary groups. These data indicate that weight loss during moderate caloric restriction is not altered by inclusion of aerobic or aerobic+resistance exercise, but diet in conjunction with training can induce remarkable adaptations in aerobic capacity and muscular strength despite significant reductions in body mass.</jats:p
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Genetic risk for schizophrenia influences substance use in emerging adulthood : an event-level polygenic prediction model
No full textBackground: Emerging adulthood is a peak period of risk for alcohol and illicit drug use, as well as psychiatric disorders. Recent advances in statistical genetics suggest that the co-occurrence of these phenomena is due, in part, to a shared genetic etiology. Here, we examined how genetic risk for schizophrenia influenced trajectories of five substance use behaviors as they occurred in daily life across emerging adulthood. Method: Non-Hispanic European participants provided DNA samples and completed daily reports of alcohol and drug use for one month per year across four years (N=28,372 unique observations of N=318 participants). A two-level hierarchical linear model was then used to analyze the relationships between genetic risk for schizophrenia, participant age, and the five substance use phenotypes. Results: The present study yields two major insights. First, results indicated that genetic risk for schizophrenia predicted emerging adults’ overall likelihood to engage in illicit drug use and polysubstance use (concurrent illicit drug use and alcohol use or binge drinking), but did not predict alcohol use-only phenotypes. Second, the present findings indicated that genetic variants related to schizophrenia predicted the rate of age-related change in substance use. Conclusions: The present study used a novel combination of polygenic prediction and repeated phenotyping to characterize the influence of genetic risk for schizophrenia on patterns of age-related change in substance use across emerging adulthood. Results suggest that genes implicated in schizophrenia exert both broad and developmentally-specific influences on substance use behaviors in healthy individuals.Psycholog
Graduate School of Architecture, Class of 2003
No full textFront row, kneeling (left to right): Sanae Okamoto Adams, Helen Hehan Kim, Misuk Kang, Cecilia Haydee Uriburu Cabrera, Curtis Leetham, Richard A. Wright, Kim Pietryga, Chamonix Larsen-Wilson. Row two (left to right): Cecilia Parera, James L. Moore, Derrick Larm, Evamarie Davis. Row three (left to right): Travis Maughan, J. Brent Davies, Michael R. Nilson, David W. Triplett. Back row (left to right): Brenda Case Scheer (GSA Dean), Connie Estes Holt, Arrin A. Holt, Curtis Livingston (?), Seth Ryan Striefel, Yoshikazu Kono, Steven J. Platt, Joseph S. Milillo, Takenori Komatsu, Charles Bradley Allred, Caleb Menge, Patrick N. Sinclair, Joseph Ignacio Larrea, Bryce Moulton.Portraits -- Group portraits; Photographs -- Positives -- Photographic print
A Comparison of Strength and Power Characteristics Between Power Lifters, Olympic Lifters, and Sprinters
No full textThe purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect
of involvement in power lifting, Olympic lifting, and sprinting
on strength and power characteristics in the squat movement.
A standard one repetition maximum squat test, jump
squat tests, and vertical jumps with various loads were performed.
The power lifters (PL, n = 8), Olympic lifters (OL,
n = 6), and sprinters (S, n = 6) were significantly stronger
than the controls (C, n = 8) (p <= 0.05). In addition, the OL
group was significantly stronger than the S group. The OL
group produced significantly higher peak forces, power outputs,
velocities, and jump heights in comparison to the PL
and C groups for jump trials at various loads. The S group
produced higher peak velocities and jump heights in comparison
to the PL and C groups for jump trials at various
loads. The PL group was significantly higher in peak force
and peak power for jump trials at various loads in comparison
to the C group. The data indicates that strength and
power characteristics are specific to each group and are most
likely influenced by the various training protocols utilized
Using Perceptual And Neuromuscular Responses To Estimate Mechanical Changes During Continuous Sets In The Bench Press
No full textThe present study analyzed the effectiveness of the OMNI-RES (0-10) and the electromyographic signal for monitoring changes in the movement velocity during a set to muscular failure performed with different relative loads in the bench press exercise (BP). Ten males (30.8 ± 5.7 years) were evaluated on eight separate days with 48 hours of rest between sessions. After determining the 1RM value, participants performed seven sets to failure with the following relative loads ranges: 3090%. The mean accelerative velocity (MAV), the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and the normalized root mean square (N-RMS) signal from the anterior deltoids were measured for every repetition of each set. The RPE expressed after the first repetition and when the maximum value of MAV was achieved over the sets was lower (p 0.80) than the RPE associated with a 10% drop in MAV and at failure. Furthermore, the initial RPE was useful to distinguish different loading zones between the light relative loads (3090%). Similar, but less clear, differences were observed for the N-RMS. In conclusion, apart from differentiating between relative loads, the RPE and in some cases N-RMS can both reflect changes associated with the initial, maximal, 10% drop in movement velocity and muscular failure during a continuous set in the BP
Comparing the resistance training stimuli using velocity feedback or perceived exertion in bench press
No full textNaclerio, F, Larumbe-Zabala, E, Chapman, M, Gonzales-Frutos, P, and Triplett, NT. Comparing the resistance training stimuli using velocity feedback or perceived exertion in bench press. J Strength Cond Res 39(4): 399–406, 2025—We compared the velocity feedback method (VEL) vs. the perceptual response (RPE), with no velocity feedback, to estimate changes in movement velocity during continuous sets terminated at 10, 20, and 40% of velocity decreases in the bench press exercise using either 50% or 75% of the 1 repetition maximum (1RM). After 5 sessions of familiarization and determining the 1RM, 19 males (24.5 ± 6 years) and 9 females (30.4 ± 8 years) underwent 2 identical 6-day testing sessions over 2 weeks (12 days in total) using the VEL (first 6 sessions) or the RPE method (last 6 sessions). The average velocity and the OMNI Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Exercise (OMNI-RES) (0–10) scale score were measured for every repetition of each set. Under VEL, the sets terminated after completing 2 consecutive repetitions below the pre-established velocity threshold. During RPE, the sets stopped when the subjects reached a previously obtained OMNI-RES score linked to the specific tested velocity thresholds. A linear mixed-effects model setting velocity thresholds, method, and their interaction as fixed effects and subjects as random components was conducted. No differences (p > 0.05) between methods were observed for the absolute (m·s−1) and percentage of velocity decreases or the total number of repetitions using both 50 and 75% of 1RM. Nonetheless, compared with VEL, fewer repetitions (p < 0.01) linked to nondesirable neuromuscular adaptations were completed under RPE. In conclusion, although no differences between methods for estimating changes in velocity were identified, the RPE could be preferable to the VEL method to reduce the number of repetitions performed under the prescribed threshold
Perceptual, Mechanical, And Electromyographic Responses To Different Relative Loads In The Parallel Squat
No full textThe effectiveness of the OMNI-RES (0–10) Scale and the electromyographic signal for monitoring changes in the movement velocity were examined during a set to muscular failure using different percentages of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the parallel squat exercise (PSQ). Twelve men (26.3 ± 5.8 years) were evaluated on 8 separate days with 48 hours of rest between sessions. After determining the 1RM value, participants underwent 7 tests until achieving muscular failure with the following percentage ranges: 30 to 90%. An optical rotary encoder measured mean accelerative velocity (MAV), and the OMNI-RES (0–10) Scale was used to express the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after every repetition of each set. In addition, the normalized root mean square signal of the surface electromyography (N-EMG) was calculated for the vastus medialis muscle. The RPE expressed after the first repetition and when the maximum value of MAV was achieved along the sets was lower (p 0.8) than the RPE that corresponded to a 10% drop in MAV and at failure. In addition, the initial RPE was useful to distinguish different loading zones by anchoring the OMNI-RES value to the magnitude of the relative load (<60%, 60 to <70% or =70% 1RM). Similar patterns were observed using the N-EMG. In conclusion, apart from differentiating between relative loads during a set to failure in the PSQ, the RPE and the N-EMG can both reflect changes associated with the initial, maximal, 10% drop in movement velocity and the muscular failure
Effects of tai chi chuan on anxiety and sleep quality in young adults: lessons from a randomized controlled feasibility study
No full textKaren L Caldwell,1 Shawn M Bergman,2 Scott R Collier,3 N Travis Triplett,3 Rebecca Quin,4 John Bergquist,5 Carl F Pieper6 1Department of Human Development and Psychological Counseling, 2Department of Psychology, 3Department of Health and Exercise Science, 4Department of Theatre and Dance, 5Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, 6Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Objective: To determine feasibility and estimate the effect of a 10-week tai chi chuan (TCC) intervention on anxiety and sleep quality in young adults. Participants: Seventy-five adults (18–40 years) from a predominately undergraduate mid-sized university. Methods: This was an assessor blinded, randomized feasibility trial, and participants were randomized into one of three groups: 10 weeks of TCC meeting 2 times per week, 10 weeks of TCC with a DVD of the curriculum, and control group receiving a handout on anxiety management. Anxiety and sleep quality were assessed 4 times: baseline, 4 weeks, 10 weeks (immediate post-intervention), and 2 months post-intervention. Retention was defined as a participant attending the baseline assessment and at least one other assessment. Adherence to the intervention was set a priori as attendance at 80% of the TCC classes. Results: Eighty-five percent of participants were retained during the intervention and 70% completed the 2 month follow-up assessments. To increase statistical power, the two TCC groups were combined in the analyses of anxiety and sleep quality measures. No significant changes in anxiety were found in the control group, while levels of anxiety decreased significantly over time in the two TCC groups. Sleep quality scores improved across time for all three groups, but adherent TCC participants reported greater improvement than control participants. Conclusion: TCC may be an effective nonpharmaceutical means of improving anxiety and poor sleep quality in young adults. Keywords: anxiety, sleep quality, tai chi chuan, randomized controlled trial, feasibility stud
The Effect of Heavy- vs. Light-Load Jump Squats on the Development of Strength, Power, and Speed
No full textThe purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect
of an 8-week training program with heavy- vs. light-load
jump squats on various physical performance measures and
electromyography (EMG). Twenty-six athletic men with
varying levels of resistance training experience performed
sessions of jump squats with either 30% (JS30, n = 9) or 80%
(JS80, n = 10) of their one repetition maximum in the squat
(1RM) or served as a control (C, n = 7). An agility test, 20-
m sprint, and jump squats with 30% (30J), 55% (55J), and
80% (80J) of their 1RM were performed before and after
training. Peak force, peak velocity (PV), peak power (PP),
jump height, and average EMG (concentric phase) were calculated
for the jumps. There were significant increases in PP
and PV in the 30J, 55J, and 80J for the JS30 group (p <= 0.05).
The JS30 group also significantly increased in the 1RM with
a trend towards improved 20-m sprint times. In contrast, the
JS80 group significantly increased both PF and PP in the 55J
and 80J and significantly increased in the 1RM but ran significantly
slower in the 20-m sprint. In the 30J the JS30
group’s percentage increase in EMG activity was significantly
different from the C group. In the 80J the JS80 group’s
percentage increase in EMG activity was significantly different
from the C group. This investigation indicates that training
with light-load jump squats results in increased movement
velocity capabilities and that velocity-specific changes
in muscle activity may play a key role in this adaptation
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