1,721,294 research outputs found
The constitutive transcription of the human IL-12 p40 gene in the EBV-transformed cell line RPMI-8866 may be attributable to the presence of a novel ets-2 related nuclear complex
No full textSynergistic regulation of the human IL-12 p40 promoter by NFkB and ets transcription factors in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells and macrophages
No full textNuclear and global X-ray properties of LINER galaxies: Chandra and BeppoSAX results for Sombrero and NGC 4736
No full textWe report on the 0.1-100 keV BeppoSAX observations of two nearby LINER galaxies, Sombrero and NGC 4736. Chandra ACIS-S observations supplement this broad-beam spectral study with a high resolution look into the nuclear region, and show a dominating central point source in Sombrero and a complex X-ray binary dominated/starburst region in NGC 4736. A compact non-thermal radio source, present in the nucleus of both galaxies, coincides with the central source in Sombrero, while in NGC 4736 its X-ray counterpart is a much fainter point source, not the brightest of the central region. On the basis of these and other results, we conclude that the LINER activity is linked to the presence of a low luminosity AGN in Sombrero and to a recent starburst in NGC 4736, and that Chandra's spectroscopic capabilities coupled to high resolution imaging are essential to establish the origin of the nuclear activity
Tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon synergistically induce cytochrome b-245 heavy-chain gene expression and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogenase oxidase in human leukemic myeloid cells.
No full textRegulation of interleukin-12/interleukin-23 production and the T-helper 17 response in humans
No full textInterleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 share a common chain. Yet, their production in response to pathogens is differentially regulated, and their functions are distinct and often antithetic. IL-12 is involved in the induction or amplification of the T-helper (Th) type 1 response, whereas IL-23 has been associated with the generation of the Th17 response and IL-17 production. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and yeast zymosan induce IL-23, but in the absence of other stimuli, no IL-12 is induced in human dendritic cells (DCs). The stimulation of IL-23 by M. tuberculosis was mostly explained by the triggering of Toll-like receptor (TLR2) and the cytoplasmic receptor nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-containing protein 2, whereas zymosan induces IL-23 primarily by stimulating the beta-glucan receptor dectin-1 alone or in combination with TLR2. IL-23, IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1), and IL-1beta in supernatants from activated human DCs induce human naive CD4(+) T cells to produce IL-17. These data are consistent with various recent reports that TGF-beta is an inducer of IL-17 production both in human and in mouse cells. However, IL-1 is necessary in combination with some or all of the other cytokines to induce IL-17 production in human T cells. The ability of various stimuli to induce Th17 cells depends not only on their induction of IL-23, IL-6, and TGF-beta production in DCs but also on their ability to activate directly or indirectly the inflammasome and to induce IL-1beta
Spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity in humans. Distribution and characterization of the effector cell.
No full textBroad band properties of medium and low Lx/Lb early type galaxies
No full textWe have measured the spectral properties of five galaxies of low to intermediate Lx/Lb ratios with BeppoSAX and ASCA. A hard component (kT ∼ 4 - 10 keV) is observed in all galaxies. In NGC 1553 the BeppoSAX data show that this component is extended, and suggest an origin for the emission in the evolved stellar population. In NGC 3115, a point-like source appears embedded in an extended component morphologically similar to the stellar body, suggesting an almost equal contribution from the nuclear region and the binary population. A large central mass concentration and low level optical activity in NGC 3379 argue for a contribution from the nucleus also in this object. However, for both NGC 3115 and NGC 3379, the nuclear emission is at a level well below that observed in other galaxies who host similar nuclear black holes. A second soft (kT ∼ 0.3 - 0.7 keV) spectral component is needed to fit the data of NGC 1407, NGC 1553 and NGC 4125 over the entire energy range probed (∼0.2-10 keV), best represented by a thermal component with line emission. We discuss possible interpretations of the origin of this component, which however will be better defined only with higher quality data
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Immunomodulatory functions and molecular regulation of IL-12.
No full textIL-12 is a unique cytokine of 70 kD, composed of two covalently linked chains of 35 kD (p35) and 40 kD (p40) [1]. Although the single p40 chain is always produced in large excess over the p70 heterodimer, only the latter has biological activity and coexpression of both the p40 and the p35 genes in the same cells is required for the production of the biologically active p70 heterodimer [2]. IL-12 was originally identified in the cultured supernatant of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-cell lines such as RPMI-8866 by virtue of its ability to activate NK cells and to induce production of IFN
- …
