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Objective climatology of cyclones in the Mediterranean region: a consensus view among methods with different system identification and tracking criteria
Get PDFThe Mediterranean storm track constitutes a well-defined branch of the North Hemisphere storm track and is characterised by small but intense features and frequent cyclogenesis. The goal of this study is to assess the level of consensus among cyclone detection and tracking methods (CDTMs), to identify robust features and to explore sources of disagreement. A set of 14 CDTMs has been applied for computing the climatology of cyclones crossing the Mediterranean region using the ERA-Interim dataset for the period 1979–2008 as common testbed. Results show large differences in actual cyclone numbers identified by different methods, but a good level of consensus on the interpretation of results regarding location, annual cycle and trends of cyclone tracks. Cyclogenesis areas such as the north-western Mediterranean, North Africa, north shore of the Levantine basin, as well as the seasonality of their maxima are robust features on which methods show a substantial agreement. Differences among methods are greatly reduced if cyclone numbers are transformed to a dimensionless index, which, in spite of disagreement on mean values and interannual variances of cyclone numbers, reveals a consensus on variability, sign and significance of trends. Further, excluding ‘weak’ and ‘slow’ cyclones from the computation of cyclone statistics improves the agreement among CDTMs. Results show significant negative trends of cyclone frequency in spring and positive trends in summer, whose contrasting effects compensate each other at annual scale, so that there is no significant long-term trend in total cyclone numbers in the Mediterranean basin in the 1979–2008 period
Actividad de tres aceites esenciales sobre la mortalidad de Rhyzopertha dominca (F.) en trigo almacenado
Get PDFRhyzopertha dominica (F.) is a pest that causes significant damage in the stored grain of wheat and for to control the indiscriminately use of chemical substances causes resistance to insects, as well as cause problems to environmental and health. Consequently, the effect of essential oils Melaleuca viridiflora Gaertn, Lippia palmeri Watson, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt on mortality of R. dominica in wheat. These oils were used in various concentrations (5, 10, and 15 ul) and exposure times (24, 48 and 72 h) on the R. dominica insect. The results were obtained by the direct relative proportional in the parameter of mortality with respect to exposure time and concentration of oils. The oils were arranged in the order of importance: M. viridiflora, E. camaldulensis and L. palmeri. From these three oils, M. viridiflora exhibited the best effects on the R. dominica mortality, emergence of adult insects and reduction of weight loss. On the other hand, the oil of L. palmeri showed the best repellency.Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) es una plaga que provoca daños significativos en el grano almacenado de trigo y para su control se usa indiscriminadamente sustancias químicas provocando resistencia a insectos, además de problemas ambientales y de salud. Por consiguiente, se evaluó el efecto de los aceites esenciales de Melaleuca viridiflora Gaertn, Lippia palmeri Watson y Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt sobre la mortalidad de R. dominica en trigo, utilizándose diversas concentraciones de aceites (0, 5, 10, y 15 μl) y tiempos de exposición (24, 48 y 72 h) sobre R. dominica. Se determinó la repelencia y emergencia del insecto adulto, además la pérdida de peso producido en el grano de trigo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe una relación directamente proporcional en el parámetro de mortalidad con respecto al tiempo de exposición y la concentración de los aceites, quedando los aceites en el siguiente orden de importancia M.viridiflora, E. camaldulensis y L. palmeri. De estos tres aceites el que mejor efecto exhibió fue M. viridiflora sobre la mortalidad de R. dominica, la emergencia de insectos adultos y la reducción en la pérdida de peso. Por otro lado, el aceite L. palmeri fue el que mejor repelencia presentó
British Women Travellers And The Harems: Liberties, Enslavement and Domesticity
No full textThis thesis examines the complex perspective of a woman traveller. Wortley Montagu, Martineau, Burton and their contemporaries, represented the harem through various lenses. The Oriental harem has fascinated Western civilization since time immemorial. This sacred place, reserved for the women and children of the Muslim household, had long been a terra incognita to British outsiders, until the publication of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s (1689-1762) Turkish Embassy Letters (1763), which gave impetus to a whole tradition of travel writings, particularly harem accounts, penned by British women. The aristocratic Wortley Montagu recasts Turkish women from their previous Western image as over-sexed and soulless beings to idealized domestic goddesses, living in an ideal world, the harem. Harriet Martineau(1802-1876) , travelled to the Ottoman Empire more than a century after Wortley Montagu’s residency in Oriental lands. Martineau was a rare talent. She was an accomplished journalist and a pioneering figure in Western sociology. She spent her life validating a place for herself and her sex in a patriarchal and male-dominated society; she earned her own keeping, and lived independently. Martineau related her eastern experience in Eastern Life: Past and Present (1848), in which the Oriental harem figures very little. Martineau pitied the women she encountered in Egypt, and depicted them as slaves of a corrupt system, the harem and the practice of polygamy. My thesis ends with the travel writings of Lady Isabel Burton (1831-1896) whose view of the Oriental women she met in Syria is the most tempered. Her Inner Life of Syria, Palestine and the Holy Lands: from my Private Journal (1875) displays a tolerance of other cultures and a move toward moral and cultural relativisms.
Each of the women considered in this thesis formed her own harem, projecting on to this distant Oriental structure her fears, hopes and desires. Wortley Montagu’s harem was a utopia for women only. The Victorian Martineau opined that the Oriental harem was a hell on earth. Lady Isabel Burton constructed a happy medium between the two. Although at times ambivalent towards the Syrian women she encountered, she partook in their customs and manners, particularly public bathing, smoking and other Eastern indulgences. Her attitude illustrates that the British home and the Oriental harem are not so dissimilar, bridging the gap between us and them
Erratum: Medication Adherence Reminder System for Virtual Home Assistants: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study (Jmir Form Res (2021)5:7 (E27327) Doi: 10.2196/27327)
No full textIn “Medication Adherence Reminder System for Virtual Home Assistants: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study” (JMIR Form Res 2021;5(7):e27327), three errors were noted. Due to a system error, the name of one author, Cynthia F Corbett, was replaced with the name of another author on the paper, Elizabeth M Combs. In the originally published paper, the order of authors was listed as follows: Elizabeth M Combs, Elizabeth M Combs, Peyton S Chandarana, Isabel Stringfellow, Karen Worthy, Thien Nguyen, Pamela J Wright, Jason M O\u27Kane This has been corrected to: Cynthia F Corbett, Elizabeth M Combs, Peyton S Chandarana, Isabel Stringfellow, Karen Worthy, Thien Nguyen, Pamela J Wright, Jason M O\u27Kane In the originally published paper, the ORCID of author Cynthia F Corbett was incorrectly published as follows: 0000-0002-2254-6958 This has been corrected to: 0000-0003-2706-2116 In the originally published paper, the email of the Corresponding Author was incorrectly published as follows: [email protected] This has been corrected to: [email protected] The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website on January 27, 2022, together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories
Clear-sky profile database for the development of Land Surface Temperature algorithms
No full textThis dataset includes clear sky atmospheric profiles from the European Centre for Medium Range Forecast (ECMWF) version-5 reanalysis (ERA5), specially selected to support the development of algorithms of Land Surface Temperature (LST) retrieval from Earth observation (EO) data. The profiles were re-sampled from an ERA5 dataset covering the 2009-2019 period, with a 1x1 degree spatial resolution, hourly sampling and using the full vertical resolution (137 model levels). The re-sampling technique is based on a dissimilarity criterion applied to profiles of temperature and specific humidity, in order to obtain regular distributions of atmospheric variables of relevance for LST retrieval in the Thermal Infrared (TIR) spectral range. The database is limited to clear-sky conditions over land, being therefore suitable for the development of satellite land products relying on optical and thermal infrared imagery in general, despite targeting especially LST.
Dataset description:
The dataset is divided in multiple netCDF4 files based on the range of skin temperature (Tskin; Kelvin) and the range of total column water vapour (TCWV; mm). Each file includes the following variables:
Time
Longitude
Latitude
2-m temperature (t2m)
Surface pressure (sp)
Total cloud cover (tcc)
Total column water vapour (tcwv)
Skin temperature (skt)
Surface emissivity (emis)
Land cover classification (lcc)
Temperature profile (t)
Specific humidity profile (q)
Ozone profile (o3)
Pressure profile (p)
All profiles are provided on model levels. For each profile, 6 values of skin temperature and 25 values of emissivity are provided (see publication for details). Emissivity values correspond to the wavelengths of ~11 and ~12 µm.
Credit:
To use this data please cite this dataset and the respective journal publication:
Ermida, S.L.; Trigo, I.F. (2022) A Comprehensive Clear-Sky Database for the Development of Land Surface Temperature Algorithms. Remote Sens., 14, 2329. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102329
Access:
Currently, Zenodo does not provide a simple way to download datasets with a large number of files. We recomend trying the Zenodo_get to simplify the download.This dataset was developed within the framework of the LSA SAF (http://lsa-saf-eumetsat.int) project, funded by EUMETSAT
The first Australian palynologist: Isabel Clifton Cookson (1893–1973) and her scientific work
Get PDFIsabel Clifton Cookson (1893–1973) of Melbourne, Australia, was one of that country’s first professional woman scientists. She is remembered as one of the most eminent palaeontologists of the twentieth century and had a distinguished research career of 58 years, authoring or co-authoring 93 scientific publications. Isabel worked with great distinction on modern and fossil plants, and pioneered palynology in Australia. She was a consumate taxonomist and described, or jointly described, a prodigious total of 110 genera, 557 species and 32 subspecific taxa of palynomorphs and plants. Cookson was a trained biologist and initially worked as a botanist during the 1920s. At the same time she became interested in fossil plants and then, Mesozoic–Cenozoic terrestrial (1940s–1950s) and aquatic (1950s–1970s) palynomorphs. Cookson’s research into the late Silurian–Early Devonian plants of Australia and Europe, particularly the Baragwanathia flora, between the 1920s and the 1940s was highly influential in the field of early plant evolution. The fossil plant genus Cooksonia was named for Isabel in 1937 by her principal mentor in palaeobotany, Professor William H. Lang. From the 1940s Cookson focussed on Cenozoic floras and, with her students, elucidated floral affinities by comparative analyses of micromorphology, anatomy and in situ pollen/spores between fossil and extant taxa. This led to an interest in pre-Quaternary and Quaternary terrestrial pollen and spores; hence Isabel was the first palynologist in Australia. Her work on Paleogene and Neogene pollen and spores during the 1940s and 1950s provided incontrovertible evidence of the former widespread distribution of many important elements of Southern Hemisphere floras. During the early 1950s, while approaching her 60th year, Isabel turned her attention to marine palynomorphs. She worked with great distinction with Georges Deflandre and Alfred Eisenack, and also as a sole author, on acritarchs, dinoflagellate cysts and prasinophytes from the Jurassic to Quaternary of Australia and Papua New Guinea. She also co-authored papers on aquatic palynomorphs with Lucy M. Cranwell, Norman F. Hughes and Svein B. Manum. Isabel Cookson laid out the taxonomic basis for the study of Australasian Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine palynofloras by establishing, or jointly establishing, 76 genera and 386 species of marine microplankton. Her studies throughout her career, although especially in marine palynology, concentrated largely on taxonomy. However, she was one of the first palynologists to demonstrate the utility of dinoflagellate cysts for relative age dating and correlation in geological exploration
Relaciones económicas entre la Monarquía Hispánica y el Islam en la época de Cervantes
Get PDFDurante la vida de Miguel de Cervantes, el mundo mediterráneo va a sufrir una transformación en cuanto al reparto de poder, tanto político como económico. Aunque se produce una victoria militar sobre la flota otomana, que establece los límites del dominio de ambos imperios, no se puede impedir la entrada en este espacio de las nuevas potencias comerciales del norte de Europa, que van a transformar el comercio en el Mediterráneo. En este artículo se intenta fijar una síntesis de este proceso del que Cervantes es testigo directo, tanto en su trayectoria personal como en las obras que nos ha legado.During Miguel de Cervantes’ lifetime, the Mediterranean World was suffering a transformation in the internal distribution of power, both political and economic.
Although the Ottoman fleet was defeated, which established the limits of dominance
between the two empires, this did not prevent the entry in this space of the new commercial powers from northern Europe, which changed the trade in the Mediterranean. This article tries to provide a synthesis of this process, of which
Cervantes was a direct witness both in his personal life and through the works which have survived to our time.Publicad
O timbre e suas metamorfoses no processo composicional da música electroacústica
Get PDFMestrado em MúsicaO objecto de estudo desta dissertação de mestrado centra-se em demonstrar a importância do timbre e das suas transformações ou metamorfoses no processo composicional da música electroacústica.
Este trabalho de investigação é constituído por duas componentes distintas que se complementam entre si. A primeira, de caracter teórico, vai
fundamentar a importância do timbre no desenvolvimento do processo composicional da música electroacústica. A segunda parte, de caracter prático, tem por principal objectivo a elaboração de um ciclo de obras para instrumentos e fita magnética nas quais o timbre é um parâmetro
estruturalmente relevante.
A componente teórica desta dissertação abrange um capítulo dedicado à importância do timbre na evolução da música electroacústica desde 1950.
Neste capítulo são abordados os seguintes assuntos: definição de timbre, antecedentes da música electrónica, música concreta, música electrónica, música electroacústica – música mista, e live electronics – música electrónica em tempo real.
Este estudo inclui um segundo capítulo onde são apresentadas algumas análises de obras electroacústicas. Na abordagem analítica a estas obras há a preocupação em definir o papel do timbre como parâmetro estrutural na compreensão formal da obra. As obras analisadas neste estudo são as seguintes: Arabesque de Daria Semegen, A Dialética da Praia de Flo Menezes, Anamorphoses III de Isabel Soveral, Labirinto de João Pedro
Oliveira, Derrière Son Double de Miguel Azguime, e Anthèmes 2 de Pierre Boulez.
A componente prática desta investigação é constituída por um ciclo de três obras electroacústicas mistas, compostas pelo autor desta dissertação. Este ciclo intitula-se Contemplação:
> Contemplação I – Duas Guitarras e Fita Magnética
> Contemplação II – Saxofone Alto e Fita Magnética
> Contemplação III – Quinteto de Cordas, Piano e Fita Magnética
O timbre e as transformações ou metamorfoses tímbricas exploradas, assumem-se como um parâmetro relevante na estrutura de cada obra,
tornando-se num centro nevrálgico unificador e catalisador do processo composicional subjacente ao “Ciclo Contemplação”.The main purpose of study of the following dissertation centres itself in demonstrating the importance that timbre and its transformation and
metamorphosis in the composing process of electro-acoustic music.
The research undergone is made up of two distinguished components that complement each other. The first, of theoretical aspect, establishes the importance of timbre in the unfolding of the composing process of electroacoustic music. The latter, of practical aspect, has its main aim directed
towards carrying out a cycle of instrumental masterpieces and magnetic tape, where the timbre is a considerably important structural parameter.
The theoretical aspect of this dissertation, includes a chapter devoted to the importance of timbre towards the evolution of music since the 1950s.
Approaches are made in this chapter towards the following matters: a definition of timbre, electronic music antecedents, concrete music, electronic music, electro-acoustic music – mixed music, and live electronics – electronic music in real time.
This paper includes a second chapter where a few analyses are carried out on electro-acoustic music. With the analytical approach of these masterpieces is the preoccupation in defining a role for timbre as a structural parameter in the formal understanding of the masterpiece. The masterpieces analysed in this paper are the following: Arabesque by Daria Semegen, A Dialéctica da Praia by Flo Menezes, Anamorphoses III by Isabel Soveral, Labirinto by João Pedro Oliveira, Derrière Son Double by Miguel Azguime, and Anthèmes 2 by Pierre Boulez.
The practical aspect of this dissertation is constituted by a cycle of three mixed electro-acoustic masterpieces, composed by the author of this dissertation. The cycle is entitled Contemplation :
> Contemplation I – Two Guitars and Magnetic Tape
> Contemplation II – Contralto Saxophone and Magnetic Tape
> Contemplation III – String Quintet, Piano and Magnetic Tape
The timbre and timbre transformation and metamorphosis explored, assumes itself as an important parameter in the structure of each masterpiece, becoming the unifying neuralgic centre and catalyser of the composing process
underlying the Contemplation Cycle
Estratégias de adaptação à incerteza climática para produção de trigo nas condições mediterrânicas do sul de Portugal: rega e fertilização azotada.
Get PDFAs alterações climáticas acentuam a irregularidade sazonal e inter-anual da temperatura e precipitação, características do clima Mediterrânico. As consequências desta variabilidade climática na produção de trigo fazem-se sentir ao nível do seu ciclo de desenvolvimento e da sua produtividade. Estratégias de adaptação baseadas na rega e na fertilização podem constituir ferramentas para fazer face aos impactos negativos da mudança climática. Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos da rega e da fertilização azotada sobre a produtividade do trigo mole na região do Alentejo, Sul de Portugal, em 2017/18. As respostas do trigo (fenologia, evolução populacional, produção de grão e suas componentes) foram avaliadas em dois ensaios, em Beja e Elvas. Testaram-se 3 tratamentos de rega e 8 tratamentos de tipo/fraccionamento do fertilizante azotado. Os tratamentos de rega foram: R0 (sem rega); R1 (rega com reposição de 100% da evapotranspiração cultural: ETc); R2 (rega com reposição de 100% da ETc apenas em quatro fases: início do encanamento; emborrachamento; ântese; enchimento do grão). No ensaio de Elvas testaram-se apenas os tratamentos R0 e R2 Os tratamentos de fertilização azotada incluíram 4 tipos de adubos (clássico; com inibidor de nitrificação, de libertação controlada e com inibidor da urease) aplicados totalmente à sementeira ou fraccionados ao longo do ciclo. No ensaio de Beja, não se verificaram efeitos significativos do regime hídrico em qualquer dos parâmetros analisados. A fertilização azotada influenciou a produção de grão e suas componentes, com os valores mais elevados de produção de grão a serem obtidos nos dois tratamentos com fertilizante clássico. Em Elvas, verificou-se forte influência do regime hídrico na evolução da população, na produção de grão e componentes da produção, com vantagem para o tratamento regado R2. Quanto ao fator fertilização azotada, não se obteve efeito significativo para quaisquer das variáveis estudadas. Os diferentes resultados obtidos nos dois locais de ensaios foram necessariamente influenciados pelas condições edafoclimáticas, nomeadamente pelo tipo de solo, mas, principalmente, pelo volume e distribuição da precipitação do ano de estudo, muito diferente do verificado em anos anteriores. Desta forma acentua-se a necessidade de prosseguir a avaliação da influência destes factores agronómicos na cultura do trigo em condições Mediterrânicas num contexto de vulnerabilidade climática
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