1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Advancements in sensory-motor perception and biologically-inspired hierarchical learning for embodied intelligence
No full textFrom a biological perspective, humans possess incredible sensory, dexterous and cognitive abilities. By virtue of these abilities, humans and more broadly their sensory systems are able to adapt to environmental demands seamlessly. Switching from a biological perspective to robotic systems as embodied intelligence, achieving such adaptation is currently far from trivial. Understanding the biological mechanisms that govern and render humans proficient in interacting with their surroundings, could ultimately illuminate new pathways to replicate such human-like cognition and dexterity in machines. Inspired by the aforementioned narrative, this thesis delves into and addresses four main research areas.
The first contribution of this thesis provides novel insights into the intricate interplay of multimodal interfaces, their impact on the human sensory-motor system and their correlation to the generation of meaningful motor actions. Different sensory modalities are examined, entailing a full factorial comparison of auditory, visual and somatosensory states and their influence on motor performance. Through a series of varying complexity motor tasks with human subjects, a correlation is established between sensory states and their influence on motor actions. Results provide novel evidence of which sensory combinations contribute to enhanced task performance and how these can be harnessed.
The second contribution of this work is the derivation of a novel metric capable of quantifying motor actions stemming from the intricate human sensory-motor system. Measuring human motor performance is a complex phenomenon and the absence of a standardised metric renders inter-study comparability challenging. To this end, four motor tasks, increasing in spatial complexity, were devised to establish a correlation of which spatial variables influence motor performance. Results revealed which spatial variables had the most notable effect, highlighting that existing metrics are inadequate for modelling higher dimensions. To account for this, a novel metric is derived, capable of modelling human motor performance in full 3D space, underlining its value for quantifying commonly seen motor movements and enhancing inter-study comparability.
The third and penultimate contribution builds on the foundation laid by the preceding segments, striving to align human capabilities closer to embodied intelligence. To realise this aim, inspired by a biological standpoint, the RObotic MAnipulation Network (ROMAN) is introduced. ROMAN is a novel Hybrid Hierarchical Learning (HHL) architecture designed to address the challenges of notably complex long-horizon sequential tasks. ROMAN utilises the exploratory nature of Reinforcement Learning (RL) while simultaneously exploiting the higher-level skills of humans in the form of imitation. Consisting of a plethora of specialising skills, ROMAN's hierarchical architecture demonstrates versatility in intricate, long-horizon sequential tasks; while exhibiting robustness against various levels of sensory uncertainties. By virtue of the HHL employed, ROMAN also exhibits adaptability beyond demonstrated behaviour; featuring failure recovery capabilities and adaptation in avoiding local minima. These results underline the significance of ROMAN for autonomous manipulation tasks necessitating intelligent and adaptive behaviour.
The fourth and concluding contribution of this thesis investigates the potential of language-guided exploration in augmenting embodied intelligence. In pursuit of this goal, the Intrinsically Guided Exploration from Large Language Models (IGE-LLMs) framework is presented, capable of complementing the existing bio-inspired hierarchy of ROMAN. By harnessing LLMs as an assistive intrinsic reward source alongside the conventional RL paradigm, IGE-LLMs enhances the exploratory process to address intricate settings challenged by sparse rewards and long-horizons. Validated on environments challenged by exploration and long-horizons, IGE-LLMs exhibits notably higher performance over existing methods and is capable of complementing the shortcomings of using LLMs in isolation. Moreover, the modularity and robustness of IGE-LLMs is underscored, due to its ability to complement existing intrinsic reward methods and its insensitivity to most intrinsic scaling parameters. Finally, the framework's resilience is highlighted over existing methods when faced with increased uncertainties and horizons. Capable of fostering exploration and the ability to automate the orchestration of ROMAN's intricate macro-actions, IGE-LLMs value as a language-guided framework is underlined.
This thesis provides novel findings on harnessing human sensory-motor abilities for generating meaningful motor actions, which can be adequately measured and quantified. Ultimately, these represent the inspiration for shaping the development of a novel bio-inspired learning method to align human capabilities closer to embodied intelligence that can further be complemented and automated by eliciting language-guided exploration; tailored to address notably intricate, long-horizon tasks with sparse rewards. Nevertheless, to further narrow the gap between humans and machines, a deeper understanding of designing artificial intelligence inspired by biological insights is necessitated
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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