1,720,976 research outputs found
On triangular reaction cross-diffusion systems with possible self-diffusion
No full text22 pagesInternational audienceWe present new results of existence of global solutions for a class of reaction cross-diffusion systems of two equations presenting a cross-diffusion term in the first equation, and possibly presenting a self-diffusion term in any (or both) of the two equations. This class of systems arises in Population Dynamics, and notably includes the triangular SKT system. In particular, we recover and extend existing results for the triangular SKT system. Our proof relies on entropy and duality methods
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mathematical modeling of the vertebrate embryo axis elongation
No full textAu cours du développement de l'embryon de vertébré, des milliers de cellules s'auto-organisent suivant une chorégraphie très précise et complexe pour former les tissus et les organes du futur adulte. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre les mécanismes régissant la morphogenèse des tissus qui constituent la partie caudale de l'embryon, en combinant des approches mathématiques, numériques et expérimentales. Dans la première partie, nous développons des modèles mathématiques hydrodynamiques multi-espèces basés sur des équations aux dérivées partielles, pour comprendre comment les tissus neuraux et mésodermiques se forment pendant l'allongement de l'embryon. Ces modèles prennent en compte les propriétés biologiques observées dans l'embryon telles que la croissance et la viscosité des tissus, ainsi que l'interaction inter-tissulaire. En dérivant des problèmes à frontières libres et des problèmes de transmission, nous analysons la dynamique des tissus et obtenons des propriétés qualitatives des modèles mathématiques : saut de pression, effet fantôme. Il émerge de notre analyse théorique des modèles de nouvelles hypothèses biologiques sur les mécanismes cellulaires et tissulaires gouvernant la dynamique tissulaire, que nous confirmons ensuite expérimentalement en intégrant les données biologiques aux modèles mathématiques. Dans la deuxième partie, nous examinons de plus près le comportement des cellules pendant la croissance des embryons d'oiseau. Nous réalisons des expériences biologiques sur des cellules souches pour étudier l'effet de deux protéines dans la spécification et la migration cellulaire. Nous découvrons une zone où les cellules sont spatialement hétérogènes dans leur expression en protéines. Nous développons ensuite un modèle agent-centré qui prend en compte la spécification et la migration des cellules pour comprendre le rôle de cette hétérogénéité. Le modèle met en évidence un paradoxe surprenant : le chaos (l'hétérogénéité) peut soutenir un processus apparemment très ordonné (la morphogenèse). Grâce à une approche interdisciplinaire, notre analyse multi-échelle de la croissance des tissus révèle les mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents qui régissent la formation des tissus. Les résultats de cette thèse reposent sur le développement d'outils mathématiques adéquats (limite incompressible, problèmes à frontières libres) qui dépassent le cadre de la biologie du développement (mécanique des fluides visqueux, croissance des tissus et oncologie).During vertebrate embryo development, thousands of cells self-organize in a very precise and complex choreography to form the tissues and organs of the future adult. The objective of this thesis is to understand the mechanisms orchestrating the morphogenesis of the tissues which form the caudal part of the embryo, by combining mathematical, numerical, and experimental approaches. In the first part, we develop hydrodynamic multi-species mathematical models based on partial differential equations, to understand how the neural and mesodermal tissues form during embryo elongation. These models consider biological properties observed in the embryo such as tissue growth and viscosity, and inter-tissue interaction. By deriving free boundary problems and transmission problems, we analyse tissue dynamics and obtain qualitative properties of the mathematical models: pressure jump, ghost effect. Biological hypotheses on the cellular and tissular mechanisms governing tissue dynamics emerge from our theoretical analysis of the models, which we then confirm experimentally by integrating the biological data to the mathematical models. In the second part, we take a closer look at the cell behaviour during the growth of bird embryos. We conduct biological experiments on stem-like cells to investigate the effect of two proteins in cell specification and migration. We discover a zone where cells are spatially heterogeneous in their protein expression. We then develop an agent-based model that considers cell specification and migration to understand the role of this heterogeneity. The model highlights a surprising paradox: chaos (heterogeneity) can sustain an apparently very ordered process (morphogenesis). Through an interdisciplinary approach, our multi-scale analysis of tissue growth reveals the underlying cellular mechanisms governing tissue formation. The results in this thesis rely on the development of adequate mathematical tools (incompressible limit, free boundary problems) which go beyond the scope of developmental biology (viscous fluid mechanics, tissue growth and oncology)
Agrégation, ségrégation, conformisation dans les systèmes vivants: De la modélisation à l’analyse, regards croisés sur les systèmes de plusieurs populations en diffusion et en interaction
No full textAgrégation, ségrégation, conformisation dans les systèmes vivants: De la modélisation à l’analyse, regards croisés sur les systèmes de plusieurs populations en diffusion et en interaction
No full textVariations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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