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Das Umweltwirkgefüge städtischer Siedlungstrukturen:Entwicklungs und Erprobung eine landschaftsökologischen Ansatzes für die städtische Umweltplanung; dissertation 1998
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Zwischenstadt: City, Cultural Landscape or Wilderness?
No full textUm den deutschsprachigen Fachdiskurs in Landschaftsarchitektur und Städtebau über die sog. Zwischenstadt zu analysieren, werden drei verschiedene Lesarten untersucht: „Wildnis“, „Kulturlandschaft“ und „Stadt“. Ausgangspunkt ist, dass in unterschiedlichen Grundhaltungen zur Zwischenstadt (Gegner, Euphoriker, Qualifizierer) dieselben Lesarten verwendet werden. Jede der drei Lesarten ist vieldeutig und wird unterschiedlich bewertet. Um diese verschiedenen Bedeutungen zu differenzieren, formuliere ich aus der Perspektive unterschiedlicher Weltanschauungen (Liberalismus, Konservatismus, Demokratismus und Romantik) verschiedene Vorstellungen, die sich mit den Lesarten verbinden. Dieses Interpretationsrepertoire dient als Analysewerkzeug für die Untersuchung des Diskurses. Exemplarisch analysiere ich für die Grundhaltung der Qualifizierer, die die Zwischenstadt als „Wildnis“ deuten, auf welche Wildnis-Topoi im Diskurs zurückgegriffen wird.To analyze the German language discourse in landscape architecture and urban design on the so-called Zwischenstadt (urban sprawl), three different readings are explored: “wilderness”, “cultural landscape” and “city”. The starting point is the observation that representatives of different basic attitudes toward the Zwischenstadt (antagonists, enthusiasts, and qualifier) use the same readings. Obviously, each reading is ambiguous and evaluated differently. To differentiate these diverse significations, I frame differing notions of the readings from the perspective of different worldviews (liberalism, conservatism, democratism, romanticism). This interpretational repertoire serves as an analytical tool for the actual discourse analysis. Using the example of the basic attitude of the qualifiers who interpret the Zwischenstadt as a form of “wilderness”, I analyze the wilderness topoi referred to in the discourse
Zur anthropogenen Beeinträchtigung stadtnaher Wälder : das Beispiel der Eilenriede bei Hannover
No full textDie Veränderungen, welche die Bodenvegetation eines stadtnahen, mesophilen Laubwaldes, der hinsichtlich seiner Baumartenzusammensetzung und seiner räumlichen Struktur außergewöhnlich naturnah ist, gegenüber dem Jahre 1946 erfahren hat, werden durch Vergleich alter und neuer Vegetationsaufnahmen untersucht. Zur Indikation des "Störungszustandes" dient u.a. eine auf Grund der schwerpunktmäßigen Verteilung der Arten auf Gesellschaften mit unterschiedlicher Umweltdynamik ermittelte "Dynamik-Zahl". Es ergab sich, dass in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten das Ausmaß der Störung erheblich zugenommen hat, was sich im Rückgang "echter" Waldpflanzen und in der Zunahme von Arten mit Verbreitungsschwerpunkt in Gesellschaften, die unter unbeständigeren Umweltbedingungen leben, zeigt. Diskutiert werden Beziehungen zwischen Artenzahl, Äquität und Störung.The "Eilenriede" is a mesophytic, deciduous woodland enclosed by built up areas. It is regarded as exceptionally natural respecting the structure of vegetation and the composition of tree species. Changes in the field layer have been noticed by comparing vegetation lists (relevés) recorded in 1946, and those from 1975-1980. For indication of the "degree of disturbance", above all a "number of dynamics" was used. The "number of dynamics" is accounted from all plant species at a place according to their special "dynamics value", ranging from 1 to 5. It was stated that disturbance has increased considerably in the last three decades. This is indicated by the decline of true woodland species, and the increase of these species which associate mainly the vegetation of instable environmental conditions. Rotations between number of species, eveness, and disturbance are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Kulturelle Ökosystemdienstleistungen gibt es nicht
Get PDFIn der Umweltpolitik und in den ihr unmittelbar zuarbeitenden Teilen der Wissenschaft ist viel von Ökosystemdienstleistungen die Rede. Neben Versorgungsleistungen oder Regulierungsleistungen werden auch kulturelle Leistungen genannt. Können naturwissenschaftliche Konstrukte kulturelle Leistungen erbringen
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Die Bedeutung von Klima, Habitat und Einführungsgeschichte für das Verbreitungsmuster von nicht-einheimischen Pflanzenarten entlang von Höhengradienten
No full textTo determine limiting factors, particularly climatic ones, in the distribution range of non-native plant species, the occurrence of non-native species was analysed along elevational gradients in high mountains (especially on Tenerife). Species’ climatic pre-adaptation (“climate matching”) was important for the establishment at low elevations, but played a minor role for spread to higher elevations. At a regional scale, residence time of a species in the new region and its maximum reached altitude were positively correlated. This pattern might be explained by the time needed for genetic adaptations to varying environmental conditions. In fact, a climate chamber experiment revealed for all included species a uniform direction of genetic differentiation between populations of the same species from different elevations. Beside climatic factors, habitat context in the range of introduction was important for shaping the distribution pattern of non-native plant species.Um limitierende Faktoren – insbesondere klimatische – für das Verbreitungsareals gebietsfremder Pflanzenarten zu analysieren, wurde das Vorkommen solcher Arten entlang von Höhengradienten in Gebirgen (vor allem auf Teneriffa) untersucht. Klimatische Vorangepasstheit der Arten („climate matching“) war wichtig für die Etablierung im Tiefland, spielte aber nur eine geringe Rolle für die Ausbreitung in Hochlagen. Auf regionaler Ebene waren die Anwesenheitsdauer einer Art im neuen Gebiet und die maximal erreichte Meereshöhe positiv korreliert. Dies kann durch die für genetische Anpassungen an variierende Umweltbedingungen benötigte Zeit interpretiert werden. Tatsächlich konnte ich in einem Klimakammerexperiment zeigen, dass in höheren Lagen für alle Arten die Richtung genetischer Differenzen zwischen Populationen verschiedener Höhenlagen gleich war. Neben klimatischen Faktoren hatte im Invasionsgebiet der Habitatkontext einen wichtigen Einfluss auf das Verbreitungsmuster der Arten
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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