1,721,025 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Transfert radiatif dans les galaxies à Grand Redshift
No full textThe Epoch of Reionisation, which spans during the first billion year of te Universe, corresponds to the period during which the first stars and galaxy form. In this context, the main topic of this thesis is to study the formation of those early structures and their radiative feedback to their environment. For this purpose, I use various numerical simulations tools designed to model the radiative transfer in galaxies in a cosmological framework.More specifically, I look at very small galaxies, which are believed to contribute the bulk of the photons required to reionise the Universe. I explore this idea using radiative hydrodynamics simulations performed with RAMSES-RT, focusing on three small galaxies with a very high spatial and temporal resolution. I first detail the mechanism that regulate te production and escape of ionising photons in galaxies, and I show that supernovae explosions are a crucial element for this regulation. I then started to investigate the observable properties of those galaxies.In a second part of my thesis, I developped an extension to the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code MCLya to take light polarisation into account and to model the diffuse emission. I applied this code to post-process the simulation of a Lyman-alpha blob (an extended Lyman-alpha source), and to study its polarisation properties with mock observations. Contrary to what was suggested before, I showed that polarisation is not a strong tracer of the origin of Lyman-alpha photonsL'époque de la réionisation, qui s'étend pendant le premier milliard d'années de l'Univers, correspond à la période où les premières étoiles et galaxies apparaissent. Dans ce contexte, l'enjeu majeur de cette thèse est d'étudier la formation de ces premières structures et leur rétroaction radiative sur leur environnement. Pour cela, j'utilise différentes méthodes de simulations numériques permettant de modéliser le transfert radiatif dans les galaxies, dans un cadre cosmologique.En particulier, les plus petites galaxies seraient celles qui apportent la majorité des photons nécessaires à ioniser l'Univers. J'explore cette hypothèse dans une première partie à l'aide de simulations radio-hydrodynamiques avec le code RAMSES-RT, ciblant trois petites galaxies avec une très haute résolution spatiale et temporelle. Je me suis d'abord intéressé aux mécanismes régulant la production et le transfert de photons ionisants dans les galaxies, et j'ai montré que les explosions de supernovae en sont un facteur essentiel. Ensuite, j'ai exploré les propriétés observables dérivées à partir de ces simulations.Dans un second temps, j'ai développé une extension au code Monte Carlo de transfert radiatif MCLya prenant en compte la polarisation du rayonnement et l'émission diffuse dans une simulation. J'ai utilisé ce code pour post-traiter une simulation d'un blob Lyman-alpha, une source étendue d'émission Lyman-alpha, et étudier ses propriétés de polarisation à l'aide de pseudo-observations. Contrairement à ce qui était proposé précédemment, j'ai pu montrer que la polarisation n'était pas un indicateur aussi utile qu'espéré pour tracer l'origine des photons Lyman-alph
Radiative transfer in high-redshift galaxies
No full textL'époque de la réionisation, qui s'étend pendant le premier milliard d'années de l'Univers, correspond à la période où les premières étoiles et galaxies apparaissent. Dans ce contexte, l'enjeu majeur de cette thèse est d'étudier la formation de ces premières structures et leur rétroaction radiative sur leur environnement. Pour cela, j'utilise différentes méthodes de simulations numériques permettant de modéliser le transfert radiatif dans les galaxies, dans un cadre cosmologique.En particulier, les plus petites galaxies seraient celles qui apportent la majorité des photons nécessaires à ioniser l'Univers. J'explore cette hypothèse dans une première partie à l'aide de simulations radio-hydrodynamiques avec le code RAMSES-RT, ciblant trois petites galaxies avec une très haute résolution spatiale et temporelle. Je me suis d'abord intéressé aux mécanismes régulant la production et le transfert de photons ionisants dans les galaxies, et j'ai montré que les explosions de supernovae en sont un facteur essentiel. Ensuite, j'ai exploré les propriétés observables dérivées à partir de ces simulations.Dans un second temps, j'ai développé une extension au code Monte Carlo de transfert radiatif MCLya prenant en compte la polarisation du rayonnement et l'émission diffuse dans une simulation. J'ai utilisé ce code pour post-traiter une simulation d'un blob Lyman-alpha, une source étendue d'émission Lyman-alpha, et étudier ses propriétés de polarisation à l'aide de pseudo-observations. Contrairement à ce qui était proposé précédemment, j'ai pu montrer que la polarisation n'était pas un indicateur aussi utile qu'espéré pour tracer l'origine des photons Lyman-alphaThe Epoch of Reionisation, which spans during the first billion year of te Universe, corresponds to the period during which the first stars and galaxy form. In this context, the main topic of this thesis is to study the formation of those early structures and their radiative feedback to their environment. For this purpose, I use various numerical simulations tools designed to model the radiative transfer in galaxies in a cosmological framework.More specifically, I look at very small galaxies, which are believed to contribute the bulk of the photons required to reionise the Universe. I explore this idea using radiative hydrodynamics simulations performed with RAMSES-RT, focusing on three small galaxies with a very high spatial and temporal resolution. I first detail the mechanism that regulate te production and escape of ionising photons in galaxies, and I show that supernovae explosions are a crucial element for this regulation. I then started to investigate the observable properties of those galaxies.In a second part of my thesis, I developped an extension to the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code MCLya to take light polarisation into account and to model the diffuse emission. I applied this code to post-process the simulation of a Lyman-alpha blob (an extended Lyman-alpha source), and to study its polarisation properties with mock observations. Contrary to what was suggested before, I showed that polarisation is not a strong tracer of the origin of Lyman-alpha photon
Transfert radiatif dans les galaxies à Grand Redshift
No full textThe Epoch of Reionisation, which spans during the first billion year of te Universe, corresponds to the period during which the first stars and galaxy form. In this context, the main topic of this thesis is to study the formation of those early structures and their radiative feedback to their environment. For this purpose, I use various numerical simulations tools designed to model the radiative transfer in galaxies in a cosmological framework.More specifically, I look at very small galaxies, which are believed to contribute the bulk of the photons required to reionise the Universe. I explore this idea using radiative hydrodynamics simulations performed with RAMSES-RT, focusing on three small galaxies with a very high spatial and temporal resolution. I first detail the mechanism that regulate te production and escape of ionising photons in galaxies, and I show that supernovae explosions are a crucial element for this regulation. I then started to investigate the observable properties of those galaxies.In a second part of my thesis, I developped an extension to the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code MCLya to take light polarisation into account and to model the diffuse emission. I applied this code to post-process the simulation of a Lyman-alpha blob (an extended Lyman-alpha source), and to study its polarisation properties with mock observations. Contrary to what was suggested before, I showed that polarisation is not a strong tracer of the origin of Lyman-alpha photonsL'époque de la réionisation, qui s'étend pendant le premier milliard d'années de l'Univers, correspond à la période où les premières étoiles et galaxies apparaissent. Dans ce contexte, l'enjeu majeur de cette thèse est d'étudier la formation de ces premières structures et leur rétroaction radiative sur leur environnement. Pour cela, j'utilise différentes méthodes de simulations numériques permettant de modéliser le transfert radiatif dans les galaxies, dans un cadre cosmologique.En particulier, les plus petites galaxies seraient celles qui apportent la majorité des photons nécessaires à ioniser l'Univers. J'explore cette hypothèse dans une première partie à l'aide de simulations radio-hydrodynamiques avec le code RAMSES-RT, ciblant trois petites galaxies avec une très haute résolution spatiale et temporelle. Je me suis d'abord intéressé aux mécanismes régulant la production et le transfert de photons ionisants dans les galaxies, et j'ai montré que les explosions de supernovae en sont un facteur essentiel. Ensuite, j'ai exploré les propriétés observables dérivées à partir de ces simulations.Dans un second temps, j'ai développé une extension au code Monte Carlo de transfert radiatif MCLya prenant en compte la polarisation du rayonnement et l'émission diffuse dans une simulation. J'ai utilisé ce code pour post-traiter une simulation d'un blob Lyman-alpha, une source étendue d'émission Lyman-alpha, et étudier ses propriétés de polarisation à l'aide de pseudo-observations. Contrairement à ce qui était proposé précédemment, j'ai pu montrer que la polarisation n'était pas un indicateur aussi utile qu'espéré pour tracer l'origine des photons Lyman-alph
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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