1,720,980 research outputs found
Breast cancer in healthcare shift-and night-workers – preliminary results of a case control study and risk management
No full textShift work, in particular the night shift, has a significant impact on health, especially increasing the onset of digestive, cardiovascular and oncological pathologies. In 2019, IARC confirmed the shift and night work as a probable carcinogen for humans (Group 2A), due to its association with breast cancer. Mechanisms involved are genetic predisposition, de-synchronization of circadian rhythms due to sleep losses with alterations in the cell cycle’ regulation and immunological deficiencies. Nevertheless, epidemiological evidences are still limited. The purpose of this case-control study was to estimate breast cancer risk due to night shift work in health settings also considering some possible confounders such as personal and organizational factors. Data were collected by a dedicated questionnaire investigating shift work exposure, along with other personal risk factors for breast cancer. Overall 433 subjects (79 cases and 354 controls) were recruited from two large health settings in central Italy. The preliminary results showed an increased risk of developing breast cancer in female workers who have used oral contraceptives for a period from 5 to 20 years, compared to the subpopulation that does not use it (OR 2.70, IC 95% 1.21 – 6.01). No significant association was found with shift work exposure. The prolonged use of oral contraceptives as birth control method could have relevant health and organizational implications in health care settings. Further efforts are warranted to clarify the role shift work and contraceptive use on the development of breast cancer
Valutazione dello Stress Lavoro - Correlato: revisione della letteratura ed analisi critica dei risultati
No full textIntrapreneurial self-capital. An overview of an emergent construct in organizational behaviour
No full textIn a period of radical changes of work environment, companies are living continuous transformations and the onset of new challenging issues such as “industry 4.0”, workers ageing and globalization, can lead to a reorientation of organizational behaviour. In this context, researches focused on new psychosocial constructs could be crucial to better understand the complex mechanisms linking work environment, social life and individual reaction to the new obstacles provided by these changes. Intrapreneurial self-capital (ISC) is defined as a set of individual resources used to cope with career and life construction challenges and includes dimensions of core self-evaluation, hardiness, creative self-efficacy, resilience, goal mastery, decisiveness, and vigilance. Focusing on the last five years scientific production on ISC, by means of a commentary review, we present this new construct for the 21th century work hindrance and obstacles, aiming to describe the importance of the intrapreneurial self-capital in this era of changes. Differences and similarities with other constructs and the implications for psychological well-being are considered, along with best practice and methods to apply these evidences
The role of job support as a target for the management of work-related stress: The state of art
No full textWork related stress represents one of the most important emerging risks in occupational health and management. The implementation of targeted strategies to manage stress antecedents and outcomes represents a global challenge with relevant implications for workers well-being and business success. Despite the direct and indirect costs of work-related stress are well established, companies often fail to find adequate strategies to manage stress and the use of large sums of money not always reach the goal of improving a conflictual environment. One of the most important determinants of work-related stress onset is the lack of a supportive work climate, in terms of poor support provided by colleagues, supervisors or organizations. Improving organizational support can represent a target for both managers and workers who want to mitigate the negative consequences of stress, both in economic and health terms. The aim of this study was to investigate, through a narrative literature review, how a poor organizational support can affect a work organization, and which strategies are now available to improve a supportive climate. Focusing on the last five years of publication, pertinent scientific articles are critically checked and discussed. The results of this narrative review could represent a useful tool for supervisors and leaders, providing evidence on successful strategies to improve workers’ well-being and consequently business success
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Neurobehavioral alterations in occupational noise exposure: A systematic review
Full text linkThe psychology of sustainability and sustainable development emphasizes the value to ensure health and well-being in different environments, including workplaces. Chronic exposure to noise can cause several extraordinary effects and involve all the systems of the human organism. In addition to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune effects, the data in the literature show alterations in behavioral disturbances, memory capacity, and cognitive performance. Through this systematic review, the authors try to find out the main neurobehavioral alterations in the case of occupational exposure to noise. The literature review included articles published in the major databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase), using a combination of some relevant keywords. This online search yielded 4434 references; after selection, the authors analyzed 41 articles (4 narrative reviews and 37 original articles). From this analysis, it appears that the main symptoms are related to psychological distress, annoyance, sleep disturbances, and cognitive performance. Regarding tasks, the most frequent employments concern school staff, followed by employees from various industrial sectors and office workers. Although the causes are still widely debated, it is essential to protect these workers against chronic exposure to noise. In fact, in addition to a hearing loss, they can manifest many other related discomforts over time and compromise their full working capacity, as well as expose them to a greater risk of accidents or absences from work
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