23 research outputs found
Two decades of endemic dengue in Bangladesh (2000–2022): trends, seasonality, and impact of temperature and rainfall patterns on transmission dynamics
No full textThe objectives of this study were to compare dengue virus (DENV) cases, deaths, case-fatality ratio [CFR], and meteorological parameters between the first and the recent decades of this century (2000-2010 vs. 2011-2022) and to describe the trends, seasonality, and impact of change of temperature and rainfall patterns on transmission dynamics of dengue in Bangladesh. For the period 2000-2022, dengue cases and death data from Bangladesh's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's website, and meteorological data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department were analyzed. A Poisson regression model was performed to identify the impact of meteorological parameters on the monthly dengue cases. A forecast of dengue cases was performed using an autoregressive integrated moving average model. Over the past 23 yr, a total of 244,246 dengue cases were reported including 849 deaths (CFR = 0.35%). The mean annual number of dengue cases increased 8 times during the second decade, with 2,216 cases during 2000-2010 vs. 18,321 cases during 2011-2022. The mean annual number of deaths doubled (21 vs. 46), but the overall CFR has decreased by one-third (0.69% vs. 0.23%). Concurrently, the annual mean temperature increased by 0.49 °C, and rainfall decreased by 314 mm with altered precipitation seasonality. Monthly mean temperature (Incidence risk ratio [IRR]: 1.26), first-lagged rainfall (IRR: 1.08), and second-lagged rainfall (IRR: 1.17) were significantly associated with monthly dengue cases. The increased local temperature and changes in rainfall seasonality might have contributed to the increased dengue cases in Bangladesh
Two decades of endemic dengue in Bangladesh (2000–2022): trends, seasonality, and impact of temperature and rainfall patterns on transmission dynamics
No full textThe objectives of this study were to compare dengue virus (DENV) cases, deaths, case-fatality ratio [CFR], and meteorological parameters between the first and the recent decades of this century (2000-2010 vs. 2011-2022) and to describe the trends, seasonality, and impact of change of temperature and rainfall patterns on transmission dynamics of dengue in Bangladesh. For the period 2000-2022, dengue cases and death data from Bangladesh's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare's website, and meteorological data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department were analyzed. A Poisson regression model was performed to identify the impact of meteorological parameters on the monthly dengue cases. A forecast of dengue cases was performed using an autoregressive integrated moving average model. Over the past 23 yr, a total of 244,246 dengue cases were reported including 849 deaths (CFR = 0.35%). The mean annual number of dengue cases increased 8 times during the second decade, with 2,216 cases during 2000-2010 vs. 18,321 cases during 2011-2022. The mean annual number of deaths doubled (21 vs. 46), but the overall CFR has decreased by one-third (0.69% vs. 0.23%). Concurrently, the annual mean temperature increased by 0.49 °C, and rainfall decreased by 314 mm with altered precipitation seasonality. Monthly mean temperature (Incidence risk ratio [IRR]: 1.26), first-lagged rainfall (IRR: 1.08), and second-lagged rainfall (IRR: 1.17) were significantly associated with monthly dengue cases. The increased local temperature and changes in rainfall seasonality might have contributed to the increased dengue cases in Bangladesh
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 72, No. 3, January 20, 2023
No full textEarly and Increased Influenza Activity Among Children \u2014 Tennessee, 2022\u201323 Influenza Season / Christine M. Thomas; Elizabeth B. White; Noah Kojima; Mary-Margaret A. et al. --Alcohol Use, Screening, and Brief Intervention Among Pregnant Persons \u2014 24 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2017 and 2019 / Jackie Luong; Amy Board; Lucas Gosdin; Janae Dunkley et al. -- Substance Use Among Persons with Syphilis During Pregnancy \u2014 Arizona and Georgia, 2018\u20132021Epidemiology of Human Mpox \u2014 Worldwide, 2018\u20132021 / Andrea M. McCollum; Victoria Shelus; Alexandra Hill; Tieble Traore et al. -- Reasons for Receiving or Not Receiving Bivalent COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations Among Adults \u2014 United States, November 1\u2013December 10, 2022 / Alyssa H. Sinclair; Morgan K. Taylor; Joshua S. Weitz; Stephen J. Beckett et al. -- Notes from the Field:\ua0Follow-up Assessment 1 Year After a Chemical Exposure Investigation \u2014 Winnebago County, Illinois, July\u2013August 2022 / Ahlia Sekkarie; Peter DeJonge; Sandra Martell; Sarah Patrick et al. -- Erratum:\ua0Vol. 71, No. 45.QuickStats:\ua0Birth Rates for Females Aged 15\u201319 Years, by Age Group \u2014 National Vital Statistics System, United States, 1991\u20132021
Globalisation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria at recurring mass gathering events
No full textAntimicrobial resistance is associated with an estimated 4·95 million deaths annually and is currently a leading cause of death worldwide.1 Despite numerous global initiatives to control the surge of antimicrobial resistance, at the current rate of increase, annual deaths from antimicrobial resistance are estimated to rise to 10 million by 2050. This puzzling conundrum indicates that there are unknown factors that continue to increase antimicrobial resistance at a global scale and that identifying them will be crucial in controlling the ongoing antimicrobial resistance pandemic. There are also scarce data about the geographical distribution and evolution of antimicrobial resistance over time in settings outside of health-care facilities,2, 3 and more accurate scientific evidence is required to promote optimal policies to combat antimicrobial resistance
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus—a 10-year (2012-2022) global analysis of human and camel infections, genomic sequences, lineages, and geographical origins
No full textObjectives: The World Health Organization priority zoonotic pathogen Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV) has a high case fatality rate in humans and circulates in camels worldwide. Methods: We performed a global analysis of human and camel MERS-CoV infections, epidemiology, genomic sequences, clades, lineages, and geographical origins for the period January 1, 2012 to August 3, 2022. MERS-CoV Surface gene sequences (4061 bp) were extracted from GenBank, and a phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree was constructed. Results: As of August 2022, 2591 human MERS cases from 26 countries were reported to the World Health Organization (Saudi Arabia, 2184 cases, including 813 deaths [case fatality rate: 37.2%]) Although declining in numbers, MERS cases continue to be reported from the Middle East. A total of 728 MERS-CoV genomes were identified (the largest numbers were from Saudi Arabia [222: human = 146, camels = 76] and the United Arab Emirates [176: human = 21, camels = 155]). A total of 501 ‘S’-gene sequences were used for phylogenetic tree construction (camels [n = 264], humans [n = 226], bats [n = 8], other [n=3]). Three MERS-CoV clades were identified: clade B, which is the largest, followed by clade A and clade C. Of the 462 clade B lineages, lineage 5 was predominant (n = 177). Conclusion: MERS-CoV remains a threat to global health security. MERS-CoV variants continue circulating in humans and camels. The recombination rates indicate co-infections with different MERS-CoV lineages. Proactive surveillance of MERS-CoV infections and variants of concern in camels and humans worldwide, and development of a MERS vaccine, are essential for epidemic preparedness
Clin Infect Dis
No full textBackgroundBacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyzed data from the World Health Organization\u2019s (WHO) Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-preventable Diseases Surveillance Network (2011\u20132016) to describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis within the WHO African Region. We also evaluated declines in vaccine-type pneumococcal meningitis following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction.MethodsReports of meningitis in children <5 years old from sentinel surveillance hospitals in 26 countries were classified as suspected, probable, or confirmed. Confirmed meningitis cases were analyzed by age group and subregion (South-East and West-Central). We described case fatality ratios (CFRs), pathogen distribution, and annual changes in serotype and serogroup, including changes in vaccine-type Spn meningitis following PCV introduction.ResultsAmong 49 844 reported meningitis cases, 1670 (3.3%) were laboratory-confirmed. Spn (1007/1670 [60.3%]) was the most commonly detected pathogen; vaccine-type Spn meningitis cases declined over time. CFR was the highest for Spn meningitis: 12.9% (46/357) in the South-East subregion and 30.9% (89/288) in the West-Central subregion. Meningitis caused by N. meningitidis was more common in West-Central than South-East Africa (321/954 [33.6%] vs 110/716 [15.4%]; P < .0001). Haemophilus influenzae (232/1670 [13.9%]) was the least prevalent organism.ConclusionsSpn was the most common cause of pediatric bacterial meningitis in the African region even after reported cases declined following PCV introduction. Sustaining robust surveillance is essential to monitor changes in pathogen distribution and to inform and guide vaccination policies.20192019-08-31T00:00:00Z001/World Health Organization/International31505629PMC67364001152
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – a ten-year (2012-2022) global analysis of human and camel infections, genomic sequences, lineages, and geographical origins
No full textOBJECTIVES:The World Health Organization priority zoonotic pathogen Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV) has a high case fatality rate in humans and circulates in camels worldwide. METHODS: We performed a global analysis of human and camel MERS-CoV infections, epidemiology, genomic sequences, clades, lineages, and geographical origins for the period January 1, 2012 to August 3, 2022. MERS-CoV Surface gene sequences (4061 bp) were extracted from GenBank, and a phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree was constructed. RESULTS: As of August 2022, 2591 human MERS cases from 26 countries were reported to the World Health Organization (Saudi Arabia, 2184 cases, including 813 deaths [case fatality rate: 37.2%]) Although declining in numbers, MERS cases continue to be reported from the Middle East. A total of 728 MERS-CoV genomes were identified (the largest numbers were from Saudi Arabia [222: human = 146, camels = 76] and the United Arab Emirates [176: human = 21, camels = 155]). A total of 501 ‘S’-gene sequences were used for phylogenetic tree construction (camels [n = 264], humans [n = 226], bats [n = 8], other [n=3]). Three MERS-CoV clades were identified: clade B, which is the largest, followed by clade A and clade C. Of the 462 clade B lineages, lineage 5 was predominant (n = 177). CONCLUSION: MERS-CoV remains a threat to global health security. MERS-CoV variants continue circulating in humans and camels. The recombination rates indicate co-infections with different MERS-CoV lineages. Proactive surveillance of MERS-CoV infections and variants of concern in camels and humans worldwide, and development of a MERS vaccine, are essential for epidemic preparedness
One Health Implementation Cycle, Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement
No full textCapítulo 10 del libro "Principles of One Health for a better planet
Global mass gathering events and deaths due to crowd surge, stampedes, crush and physical injuries - Lessons from the Seoul Halloween and other disasters
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