1,720,955 research outputs found
Analisi del Sanitary Survey 2015-2017 condotto nel Golfo della Spezia: riclassificazione delle zone di produzione di molluschi bivalvi
Full text linkIntroduzione Il consumo di molluschi bivalvi (MB) crudi o poco cotti può rappresentare un rischio per la presenza di microrganismi patogeni derivanti da contaminazione fecale. La normativa comunitaria prevede che i produttori possano raccoglierli soltanto nelle zone di produzione classificate dall’autorità competente (AC) come A, B o C in relazione al livello di contaminazione fecale, con Escherichia coli come indicatore (Reg. CE n. 853/2004 e Reg. CE n. 854/2004). Per classificare le zone di produzione l’AC deve effettuare un “sanitary survey” per valutare le fonti di inquinamento e istituire un programma rappresentativo di campionamento dei MB nella zona considerata. Oltre alla valutazione di parametri biologici, chimici e fisici cogenti, l’AC può altresì valutare parametri aggiuntivi ai fini di una completa sorveglianza sanitaria. L’AC deve inoltre programmare attività di monitoraggio, generalmente a cadenza trimestrale, per verificare se il livello di rischio sia cambiato e la zona debba essere riclassificata. Il “Centro per le scienze dell'ambiente, della pesca e dell'acquacoltura” (CEFAS) ha pubblicato nel 2017 delle Linee Guida aggiornate per l’esecuzione dei sanitary surveys. Una serie di audit effettuati su undici Stati Membri nel periodo 2011-2013 dal Food and Veterinary Office (FVO) ha tuttavia evidenziato sostanziali carenze nei sistemi di riclassificazione. Nel 2011, nessuna zona di produzione era stata ancora riclassificata in Italia. La regione Liguria ha quindi intrapreso il primo sanitary survey relativo al triennio 2012-2014 per le zone di produzione di MB del golfo della Spezia. Successivamente, è stato effettuato il sanitary survey, relativo al triennio 2015-2017. Questo studio è volto ad analizzare i dati provenienti dal report “sanitary survey 2018: riclassificazione delle zone del golfo adibite alla molluschicoltura” relativo al triennio 2015-2017, elaborato dalla Struttura Igiene degli Alimenti di Origine Animale dell’ASL 5 Spezzino. Summary Consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked bivalve molluscs can result in illness due to the presence of microorganisms, notably algal biotoxins and viral contamination arising from human faecal pollution (EFSA, 2015). As established by EU legislation, gatherers may only harvest LBM from production areas with fixed locations and boundaries that the competent authority (CA) has classified as being of class A, B or C according to the level of faecal contamination and using Escherichia coli as indicator organism (Regulation CE n. 853/2004 and Regulation CE n. 854/2004). In order to classify a production area, the CA implements a sanitary survey aimed at evaluating the sources of contamination in the catchment area and establishing a sampling programme of LBM ensuring that the results of the analysis are as representative as possible for the considered area. Ongoing monitoring (generally of a three-annual basis) are also needed to determine whether the level of risk has changed, and the classification status should be therefore modified. In 2017, the Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) published an updated Community guide providing principles and operational guidelines that should be applied by the CA to practically perform the sanitary survey. Despite of this legislative background, a series of audits undertaken between 2011 and 2013 by the European Commission's Food and Veterinary Office (FVO) on eleven Member States highlighted consistent gaps in the classification systems of LBM production areas. According to the official data, no re-classification procedures had been performed yet in 2011 within the entire Italian territory. Given the necessity to fulfil EU requirements, the Liguria Region implemented its first sanitary survey on the production areas of the gulf of La Spezia, which covered the three years 2012-2014 and whose results were reported in a final report published in 2015. The procedures for the sanitary survey concerning the subsequent three-year period were initiated in 2015 and the relative final report was published in 2018. The aim of this study was to analyse the data from the final report of the sanitary survey concerning the three years 2015-2017 developed by ASL 5 Spezzino and published in 2018. Materiali e Metodi Sono stati estrapolati dati relativi al numero e alla tipologia di analisi effettuate sulle specie Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas e Venus verrucosa nei punti di campionamento previsti dal piano di monitoraggio e al numero e alla tipologia di non conformità (NC) riscontrate sulla base di parametri cogenti e parametri aggiuntivi di sorveglianza sanitaria. I dati sono stati confrontati con quelli del sanitary survey relativo al triennio precedente (2012-2014). Opportuni test statistici sono stati utilizzati per valutare i dati provenienti dal monitoraggio di E. coli e Norovirus. Risultati e Discussione Sono state effettuate 4306 analisi, soprattutto su M. galloprovincialis (89%) e per lo più su agenti biologici e biotossine marine. Sono state rilevate 160 NC, la maggior parte delle quali (93.7%) riferibili a positività per Norovirus in M. galloprovincialis e C. gigas, con una forte prevalenza del genogruppo GII. La prevalenza di Norovirus nel golfo della Spezia è risultata essere tra le più elevate a livello nazionale. Al contrario, nonostante alcune NC riscontrate per le biotossine marine, lo stato sanitario delle zone di produzione del golfo è risultato relativamente sicuro rispetto ad altre realtà nazionali. È stato dimostrato che i livelli di E. coli sono correlati sia con la piovosità che con la stagionalità (maggiori nel periodo più freddo). In entrambi i casi sono principalmente coinvolti i punti di campionamento interni alla diga e della Baia di Portovenere, da attribuire principalmente alla direzione delle correnti marine ed al loro rallentamento nei suddetti punti. Rispetto al confronto con il triennio precedente, è stata riconfermata la classe B per M. galloprovincialis, le zone di produzione di C. gigas sono state riclassificate A e quelle di V. verrucosa sono invece state definitivamente chiuse per le difficoltà riscontrate nel reperimento di un numero di campioni rappresentativo. Il sanitary survey si è confermato uno strumento utile nella riclassificazione e nel monitoraggio sanitario delle zone di produzione di MB
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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