1,721,252 research outputs found
Ethics versus political bias
No full textCan ethical guidelines prevent research findings being misused by politicians, asks Anna Traianou
Greece: Towards ‘Europeanisation’?
No full textLike many other European countries, Greece has a long tradition of ‘borrowing’ institutional structures, curricular policies and pedagogical ideologies. However, recent globalising trends have increased the pressure on the Greek governments to reform the education system in the light of what is going on in other countries. With the full entry of Greece into the European Union (in 1981), along with a gradual shift on the part of successive governments in the direction of neoliberalism, ‘modernisation’ or ‘Europeanisation’ has been linked with ideas about the marketisation of education and efforts to make the Greek education system more “effective” by introducing structures and forms of accountability similar to those that operate within capitalist organizations. At the same time, the distinctive features of the Greek education system, stemming from its socio-historical and cultural context, have continued to play a crucial role, not least in shaping the ways in which it has responded to pressures for modernisation.
In this Chapter I will begin by discussing some of these features, especially those relating to the nature of the Greek economic and political system and the role of education within it. I will examine the major changes that have taken place in the system since the 1960s in order to set the context for analysing the post-2008 education reforms. These were promoted initially by a nominally socialist government in the midst of a severe global economic crisis and they generated stormy reactions from educators and students. I am particularly interested in examining education reform after the 2015 general election, which resulted in the formation of a new government made up of a coalition of the radical Left party SYRIZA and the Right-wing party ANEL (‘Independent Greeks’). My aim is to highlight some of the tensions and controversies generated within the system as the integrative vision of the European Education Space, expressed through EU policies and the OECD, interacted with local contexts and diverse interests
Austerity and the Remaking of European Education
No full textAusterity and the Remaking of European Education offers grounded accounts of national educational formations in Europe, at a moment when they are being reshaped through encounters with global policy frameworks, and sharp social and economic change. The authors explore these issues in the context of different pressures that impact on European education systems – from the constraints established by the European Central Bank and the European Commission across Southern Europe, to the 2008 financial crisis and the rise in xenophobia that has accompanied migration from the Global South. The book provides rigorous theoretical approach to the relationship between European and national policies, combined with detailed analyses of national educational contexts in England, France, Greece, Hungary and Sweden. Each of the in-depth country studies identify major issues of national education policymaking, and explores the complexities of global/national relationships. The economic crisis, the emergence of new parties of the left, and populist movements across many countries, questions of cultural and religious diversity, tensions between marketization and inclusion are all brought into focus, offering arguments that will be of great interest to researchers and students of education policy, politics and sociology of education alike. In the final section of the book, the authors explore policy alternatives, as embodied in the activities of governments and non-state actors, such as trade unions and social movements
Conclusion: The Contested European Educational Space
No full textPrevious chapters have tracked policy developments in national states and in the European Union. In this chapter, we review and summarise these developments in order to address questions which are central to the future of education policy and practice in Europe:
- What is the current meaning of ‘Europe’? What policy choices does it embody? Towards what goals does it seek to travel?
- What have been the long-term effects of ‘2008’ – of crisis and austerity - on European societies and their education systems, and on the activity of the EU?
- What kinds of political challenge to EU orthodoxies are in play within member states?
- How, in these circumstances, have the politics of education been remade
Austerity and the Remaking of Education Policy in Europe since 2008
Get PDFThe literature about education policy-making in Europe tends to keep education closely in focus, while education’s wider determinations are presented in less precise ways. We don’t wish in this chapter to lose sight of the detail of education – but we do intend to locate the emergence of new forms of governance, management and curriculum in broader contexts of policy and social and economic change. The main aim of the chapter is to understand central features of educational change by analyzing the kinds of flow and pressure, originating outside, as well as within, the field of education, which impact on the education systems of European states and on transnational institutions. Acknowledging the accelerating pace of change, we discuss it in terms of such vectors of transformation as adaptation to the wave of financial and economic shock that began in 2008, the commitment of mainstream political parties and transnational institutions to austerity measures and the consolidation of neoliberal paradigms, even after the moment of the ‘credit crunch’ which was momentarily thought to have destabilised them. Alongside these largely economic dimensions of crisis, conflict and change, we will discuss the significance of other forces and events, especially mass movements of migration into Europe, and the renaissance of nationalism and xenophobia that has accompanied them. In complex ways, which vary across European states, these tendencies act to frame educational debates, and to prompt policy changes
ΔΥΟ ΜΙΚΡΟΙ ΝΑΟΙ ΜΕ ΠΛΕΥΡΙΚΟΥΣ ΧΟΡΟΥΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΝΟΤΙΟΔΥΤΙΚΗ ΒΟΥΛΓΑΡΙΑ
No full textThe article deals with two neglected monuments in southwest Bulgaria. The first one is the church of the Holy Trinity in the village of Pastuh and the second is the church of St. Nicolas in the village of Vukovo. Both of them follow the barrel-vaulted single-nave architectural type with lateral choirs and they share common morphological and structural characteristics. The similarities between the two churches allow us to talk about “twin churches”.
These monuments represent a very simple architectural structure. They are covered with saddleback roof made of stone slabs. At the west wall-face there is a big arch with responds that reach the level of the ground. The lunette is constructed deeper, about 0.50m. The choirs are annexed at the lateral wall-faces and the sanctuary apse projects outwards to the east. The barrel-vaulted single-nave churches were wall-painted from their lower to upper parts.
The two monuments are part of a group of eight churches with related typological, structural and morphological characteristics, built in a certain time period in southwest Bulgaria. According to the evidence, the church of St. George in the village of Studena is the earliest monument of the group and it is dated back to the second half of the 16th century. Thus, all other monuments, the churches at Pastuh and at Vukovo included, were built in the end of the 16th or in the beginning of the 17th century.
There are a lot of questions about the gathering of these small churches in that area in that particular time. The Ecumenical Patriarchate maybe decided the establishment of small churches in these new archbishoprics aiming at the mental exaltation of the believers, who were emotionally affected by the abolition of the Patriarchate of Bulgaria. Another assumption could be that the monasteries of the region tried to support spiritually and ethically the believers, owing to the arrival of the heterodox conqueror, and they decided to built metochia close to residential areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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