1,721,009 research outputs found
Teaching ethics and professionalism in rehabilitation: an empirical research on active learning with university rehabilitation students
Full text linkTeaching ethics in university courses may benefit from different didactic approaches; nonetheless, it still seems unclear whether ethics teaching can be best offered in stand-alone courses or integrated into other courses, or perhaps both
Root resorption caused by osteoma growth
No full textintroduction. Osteoma is a benign and asymptomatic neoplasm, consisting of well-differentiated mature bone. The solitary osteoma may be classified as: peripheral when arising from the periosteum, central when arising from the endosteum and extraskeletal when arising in soft tissue. The etiology of osteoma is still unclear. Some reported cas- es did have a clear history of trauma; however, this was not the case in the majority of cases. Whereas peripheral osteomas are fairly easy to diagnose, central osteomas pose a more challenging diagnostic problem and need to be differentiated from other similar lesions of the jaws, such as central ossifying fibroma, osteoblastoma, cementoblas- toma and odontoma in cases occurring within toothbearing areas. Osteomas are usually asymptomatic. We reported a case of the central osteoma associated with partially root resorption of the mandibular first molar.
Case report. A 22-year-old boy referred to our institute with an ortopantomography and CT-scan revealed the pres- ence of a large and well defined osteosclerotic lesion between elements 4.5 and 4.6. The lesion had caused root re- sorption of element 4.6. The patient did not report the presence of other systemic pathologies or of trauma in this re- gion. The surgery conservative approach was preferred in order to avoid permanent injury of the inferior alveolar nerve and histological examination revealed that the lesion was a benign osteoma of the right mandible.
Conclusion. Osteomas are usually asymptomatic and have a very slow growth rate but we report a rare case of an extensive osteoma of the right mandible involving the medial roots of the first molar. So corrected diagnosis of this le- sions is only histologica
Post-Mortem Interval and Microbiome Analysis through 16S rRNA Analysis: A Systematic Review
Full text linkThe determination of the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI) is an issue that has always represented a challenge in the field of forensic science. Different innovative approaches, compared to the more traditional ones, have been tried over the years, without succeeding in being validated as successful methods for PMI estimation. In the last two decades, innovations in sequencing technologies have made it possible to generate large volumes of data, allowing all members of a bacterial community to be sequenced. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a review regarding new advances in PMI estimation through cadaveric microbiota identification using 16S rRNA sequencing, in order to correlate specific microbiome profiles obtained from different body sites to PMI. The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. For this purpose, 800 studies were identified through database searching (Pubmed). Articles that dealt with PMI estimation in correlation with microbiome composition and contained data about species, body site of sampling, monitoring time and sequencing method were selected and ultimately a total of 25 studies were considered. The selected studies evaluated the contribution of the various body sites to determine PMI, based on microbiome sequencing, in human and animal models. The results of this systematic review highlighted that studies conducted on both animals and humans yielded results that were promising. In order to fully exploit the potential of the microbiome in the estimation of PMI, it would be desirable to identify standardized body sampling sites and specific sampling methods in order to align data obtained by different research groups
“Mummified” human DNA extraction from larvae: A difficult genetic analysis. A case report and a brief review of the literature
Full text linkThe analysis of the insects (Forensic Entomology) present on the corpses is a new frontier of forensic sciences useful for the medico-legal evaluation, in order to extract human DNA and facilitate the estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI). We present the case of an unidentified and mummified body, colonized by insects at different developmental stages. We sampled the larvae present in the dead body, in order to extract human DNA, according to the protocols here described. Our analysis found no trace of human genetic material in larvae’s puparia and crops. The lack of studies on the larval digestive process prevents us from calculating the time necessary for the complete degradation of the ingested tissues. Similarly, it is not possible to quantify the degradation time of human DNA, in cases where it has already been severely altered by post-mortem alterations. This case report adds to the scarce literature available on the human DNA extraction from insects and highlights the analytical challenge due to post-mortem tissue degradation in order to improve our knowledge in this context
The difficult role of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Liability: To err is not only human
No full textThe entrance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a new actor in the doctor-patient relationship has encouraged important legal and ethical considerations among the experts. On the one hand, there is the request to establish a new and dedicated legal background involving AI and AI-related technologies, while others believe there is no need to add new laws in the attempt to define AI's role in healthcare. The aim of this paper is to analyse the possible role of AI in civil liability in healthcare practice, underlining its limits of autonomy in a field where the attribution of liability cannot be uncertain
New and old parenting: reflections about assisted reproductive technologies in view of recent Italian law
No full textThe constant advancement of reproduction technologies has broadened the panorama of possible techniques and has led to a profound change in the concept of the family that has so far been widespread. Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) currently allow to conceive a human being in the absence of physical connection between man and woman. In light of the possibility of conception using heterologous techniques, the concept of parent/child relationship may also be changed. This contribution is intended to highlight how the concept of family is changing and may change in the future in the light of the new ART and the principles recently affirmed in Italian jurisprudence. In the light of the above considerations, it appears of primary importance to definitively clarify the position and rights of the involved parties, underlining the need for an adequate and timely intervention aimed at resolving, among the various issues, the conflict between the donor's interest in protect his/her anonymity and their child's interest in knowing his/her their origins
Improving assistance to elderly victims of violence: Healthcare personnel as a window for opportunity
Full text linkIntroduction: Nowadays, the world’s population is ageing, causing the growth of a new category of patients: elderly people affected by a particular vulnerability due to the simultaneous presence of multiple chronic diseases, fragility, and disability. Because of the ageing population, elder abuse is dramatically increasing too. Despite its prevalence and serious negative consequences, and despite its recent emergence as a critical social and medical problem, abuse of older people often remains undetected and unrecognized. Material and methods: We made a brief review of the Literature in order to search the most relevant and up to date publications related to the current situation of elder abuse worldwide, assess the major challenges in its recognition and management, and provide insights that may benefit the victims of elder abuse. Results: Violence against older people also creates critical issues for care teams. Since technical expertise in abuse management depends on knowledge, expertise and preparedness, it is of fundamental importance for healthcare personnel who treat abused subjects and conduct the initial examination and evidence collection to identify and report mistreatment and to support the elderly as a vulnerable population. On the other hand, it is imperative that the structure be organized in such a way as to put at the disposal of the individual professional the time and methods of assistance that are necessary to ensure an adequate level of care. Conclusion: The implementation of care and assistance, both for healthcare professionals and for healthcare facilities, plays a crucial role in the prevention of elder abuse
Oral amelanotic melanoma: a case report
Full text linkObjectives. Primary oral melanoma is a very rare malignancy, representing about 0.5% of all melanomas, characterized by a wide clinical-histological variability and a very aggressive behavior. Aim of the present study is to describe
a case of oral amelanotic melanoma, an infrequent variant with a poorer prognosis than that of pigmented
melanomas for a more aggressive biological behavior and frequent delays for the correct diagnosis and for starting the treatment.
Case report. A 53-year-old white man referred at the Department Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences for a macular, scarsely pigmented lesion with irregular margins, located on anterior region of hard palate. The lesion, completely asymptomatic and without any history of trauma or injury, was observed by his dentist some months ago. The patient
was a smoker (about 20 cigarettes a day for 30 years) and his anamnesis was negative for any systemic diseases and drug assumption. Histological examination, following the incisional biopsy, showed the hyperplasia of the junctional melanocytes with occasionally dendritic appearance and light atypia; on the recommendation of pathologist, a second incisional biopsy was performed, and a definitive diagnosis of “amelanotic melanoma in situ” was confirmed. After diagnosis,
the patient was referred to the unit of Head and Neck Surgery for staging and surgical approach of the lesion.
Conclusions. This case report underlines the importance to perform biopsy of all lesions of the oral cavity to rule out malignancy, even when slightly colored, asymptomatic and with a clinically harmless presentation. Besides benign
diseases (e.g melanotic macules, nevi, extravasation of blood pigments, amalgam tattoos and deposition of other exogenous/endogenous pigments), rare variant of non-pigmented melanoma should be considered in order to avoid a dangerous diagnostic and therapeutic delay
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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