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Carbon and nitrogen cycling in the Peruvian Andean Amazon
Get PDFtextThis dissertation consists of several studies conducted at various spatial and temporal scales designed to identify the important processes that affect organic matter (OM) inputs from the Andes mountains to the Amazon headwaters, as well as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in the rivers themselves. Andean rivers supplied approximately equal amounts of fine and coarse sediments to the Amazon, but most coarse sediments were retained in the Andean foreland while fine sediments continued downstream. Terrestrial plant δ¹³C increased with elevation, but terrestrial soil δ¹³C did not and was enriched by 1-3% over plants. Particulate organic matter (POM) concentrations were generally low, with periodic high concentrations during storms. There were significant differences in the isotopic composition of POM between seasons (wet vs. dry), reflecting changes in sediment source. During high flow, POM resembled terrestrial materials, but during drier periods there was evidence for a resuspended bottom sediment or algal source. During wet periods, OM content of soils and river POM decreased downstream, but the POM trend was complicated during drier months. Δ¹⁴C of POM decreased downstream, suggesting that young, fresh OM introduced in small headwater streams was respired preferentially in rivers or diluted with older material downstream. Fine suspended POM was higher in δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C than coarse POM, indicating either greater degradation in the fine fraction or sorption of isotopically enriched dissolved OM. Deforestation is reflected in suspended POM in small headwaters, with enrichment in both ¹³C (due to introduced C₄ grasses) and ¹⁵N. Epiphytic plants living in forest canopies were δ¹⁵N-deplete compared to rooted plants, and the biomass of these epiphytes was so high that their δ¹⁵N was reflected in stream POM. Precipitation was a major source of isotopically enriched dissolved organic N (DON) to cloudforests in the central Andes. Inorganic N export from these systems in streams was very low, but this seems to be the result of high demand for DIN by microbes and fine roots in riparian soils, not a high reactivity of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) in the stream. Low deposition of and demand for inorganic N in these forests appear to explain low ambient stream DIN concentrations.Marine Scienc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Analyzing Strategies for Completing a Comprehensive Biodiversity for Cincinnati Incorporating Citizen
No full textRecord ID: 252
Award(s): Excellence in Undergraduate Research Mentorship; Excellence in Research Communication
Program Affiliation: Capstone
Presentation Type: Poster
Abstract: Due to climate change, the Earth is experiencing its sixth mass extinction event. This crisis is concerning because biodiversity is directly tied to ecosystem health and ecosystem services. Healthy, biodiverse ecosystems can perform ecosystem services efficiently and effectively. In response to our climate crisis, the Green Cincinnati Plan was developed to reduce greenhouse emissions and enhance the natural environment. One priority action identified in the Green Cincinnati Plan is to complete a Biodiversity Assessment for Cincinnati, incorporating citizen science. The goal of this study is to examine and analyze how Biodiversity Assessments have been successfully completed in other cities, understand the current efforts to survey biodiversity in Cincinnati, and use this information to suggest a strategy to accomplish the priority action. In this presentation I will describe how other cities have completed Biodiversity Assessments and incorporated citizen science. This will provide necessary information for Cincinnati officials to reference moving forward. 
Carbon Crediting: A Green Space Bandage or Cure
No full textRecord ID: 247
Award(s): Excellence in Undergraduate Research Mentorship
Program Affiliation: Capstone
Presentation Type: Poster
Abstract: The City of Cincinnati has proposed the Green Cincinnati Plan to help reduce greenhouse emissions and improve sustainability. Within this plan, there are many actions proposed to help make the city sustainable. Specifically, one proposed action focuses on whether carbon crediting can be an incentive to create green spaces throughout Cincinnati. Currently, there has been little research done on carbon credits in Cincinnati, although my preliminary research on other cities has shown that carbon credits can help incentivize green spaces but with little impact on overall carbon emissions. Partnering with the city\u27s Office of Environment and Sustainability, I have conducted research centered around this question: How can the City of Cincinnati provide incentives and support for the use of carbon crediting and/or carbon offset programs to fund tree planting, maintenance, land conservation, and forest rehabilitation? In order to provide the Office with the information needed, I conducted research on how cities similar to Cincinnati have handled this action. Topics such as the upkeep of green spaces and how they affect the surrounding communities have also been observed. Additionally, data on the effectiveness of carbon crediting and carbon offsetting was collected. The outcome of this work will allow the city of Cincinnati to put in place actions to support green spaces
How Limiting Fast Food Consumption Effects Food Waste
No full textBy Alexus Wimbish, Environmental Studies
Advisor: Amy Townsend-Small
Presentation ID: PM_ATRIUM13
Abstract: Food packaging proves to be one of the leading wastes found in landfills. The Green Cincinnati Plan of Action has a goal to decrease residential tonnage to landfills by 20%, and an overall goal of producing zero waste by 2035. I plan to investigate the effectiveness of limiting or removing fast and packaged foods from peoples diets in an attempt to reduce waste. I plan to do this by challenging City of Cincinnati employees to spend a month preparing lunch and snacks at home in a sustainable fashion, rather than going to fast food restaurants or the vending machines at work. I hope to find that reducing the use of fast food and snacks proves to be a much healthier and sustainable lifestyle in a very short amount of time
A Proposed Complete Biodiversity Assessment for Cincinnati Using Citizen Science
No full textRecord ID: 95
Program Affiliation: Capstone
Presentation Type: Video
Abstract: To create sustainable green spaces in Cincinnati, it is essential to understand the city\u27s biodiversity. Invasive species have been a struggle for the city due to the competition created for native species, which reduces biodiversity and ecosystem services. Following the priority action from the Green Cincinnati Plan that was suggested through community outreach sessions to have a biodiversity assessment done for Cincinnati incorporating citizen science. For my capstone, I researched the current biodiversity assessments in Cincinnati and worldwide, the gaps in these assessments, and how to integrate citizen science. Through my research, I found that the City Biodiversity Index created by Singapore while performing its biodiversity assessment would be a valuable tool, along with using apps such as iNaturalist or Field Maps to incorporate citizen science. My research also suggests breaking Cincinnati down into smaller quadrants and performing biodiversity assessments in smaller sections. Understanding biodiversity in the area will help with creating these green spaces written into the Green Cincinnati Plan and possibly boost biodiversity in Cincinnati
Supporting and Funding the Development of Natural Corridors and Tree Barriers along Cincinnati\u27s Priority Road and Waterways
No full textRecord ID: 213
Award(s): Excellence in Research Communication
Program Affiliation: Capstone
Presentation Type: Video
Abstract: Natural corridors and tree barriers along road and waterways have a positive impact on air quality within urban areas. This project aims to analyze Cincinnati, Ohio\u27s current implementation of natural corridors and tree barriers along the city\u27s priority rivers, streams, highways and interstates, and to carve a guiding path to attain the 2023 Green Cincinnati Plan\u27s goal of improving air quality so that Air Quality Index "Healthy Days" are increased by 30% by 2028. Research for this project relate to the ways Cincinnati has already partnered with the community, various local government offices and departments, and private entities to develop these natural corridors and tree barriers. Additionally, I have how other cities have designed and funded natural corridors and tree barriers along their road and waterways that could act as a model for Cincinnati to follow. These research questions led to results that are twofold. First, successes in other cities stem from fostering community engagement, partnering with local organizations who are dedicated to sustainability, and utilizing fast growing and native species. Second, there is strong evidence that planting sustainable natural corridors and tree barriers along a city\u27s priority areas improves air quality through absorbing and reducing pollution from air emissions. Improved air quality in line with the city of Cincinnati\u27s Green Cincinnati Plan goals reduces risk of adverse health conditions and improves quality of life
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