1,720,957 research outputs found
Partner involvement in treatment-related decision making in triadic clinical consultations: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies
No full textObjectiveExplore how partners are involved in treatment-related decision-making within triadic clinical encounters.MethodsStudies were identified via database searches and reference lists. One author assessed eligibility of studies, which were verified by an additional co-author. Data were extracted by one author and cross-checked for accuracy by a second. Quality of articles was assessed using Qualsyst. Retrieved studies were categorised by one author, and agreed through discussion.ResultsFrom 2442 records, 14 studies were included and categorised as: (1) Descriptions of partner role and behaviour; (2) Role intentions of partners; (3) Relationship between partner and patient behaviour; (4) HCP-Partner interactions.ConclusionPartners are often involved in triadic clinical consultations that have implications for treatment-related decision making. Most studies offered general descriptions but lacked detailed investigation of communicative processes in triads and how these may operate with partners vs. other companions.Practice implicationsExisting studies lack detailed investigation through direct observation of the processes of partner involvement. Research in other areas of clinical communication suggests that future interventions could be informed by attention to the following areas: partner behaviour vs. other companion types in triads; relationships between partner involvement and decision-making processes; partner involvement in triads vs. other groups (e.g. quadratic)
The experiences and support needs of people living at home with an enteral tube: a qualitative interview study
No full textBackgroundThe number of people with an enteral tube (ET) living at home is increasing globally and services to support them to manage this complex and life‐changing intervention vary across regions. The present study aimed to gain an understanding of the experiences of people living at home with an ET and their carers, as well as to explore their views of supporting services and ET‐related hospital admissions.MethodsA qualitative inductive descriptive design was employed. Semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with a purposive sample of people with an ET living at home and carers were undertaken. Interviews were transcribed, initial codes were assigned for salient constructs, and these were then grouped and developed into themes and sub‐themes.ResultsNineteen people with ETs and 15 carers of people with ETs were interviewed. Five themes were generated: home better than hospital, feelings about the tube, living with the tube, help when you need it and cost for health service. Participants indicated the ET significantly influenced daily life. Participants described becoming used to coping with the ET at home over time and developing strategies to manage problems, avoid hospital admission and reduce resource waste. Variation in supporting services was described.ConclusionsPeople with ETs and their carers need considerable support from knowledgeable, responsive healthcare practitioners during the weeks following initial placement of the ET. Twenty‐four hour services to support people with ETs should be designed in partnership with the aim of reducing burden, negative experience, waste and hospital admissions. National frameworks for home enteral nutrition could set the standard for support for people with ETs.<br/
Psychosocial interventions with art and music during stem cell transplantation: an integrative review
No full textObjectives: the objective of this study is to systematically review the literature with the following aims: to survey the art and music interventions offered to the stem cell transplant population; to define the interventions' beneficial properties by conceptualising themes; to analyse these themes using behavioural activation principles as a lens and explore their value in alleviating isolation-related distress.Background: patients undergoing stem cell transplant are at great risk of psychological morbidity, partly on account of prolonged hospital stays in protective isolation. This risk extends beyond discharge and into ambulatory care, negatively affecting quality-of-life and survival rates of the transplant recipients.Design: integrative review methodology.Methods: a systematic search of 10 bibliographic databases was undertaken using terms relating to art, music and stem cell transplantation for the years 2012 to 2019. Records were assessed for quality and risk-of-bias using a critical appraisal tool and following the PRISMA Systematic Review checklist to guide reporting. Studies were analysed narratively and thematically.Results: the 16 papers were of mixed quality. Findings and treatment effects differed between and within studies. The beneficial attributes of the treatments were clustered and divided into two groups. The first consisted of intrinsic, patient-focussed factors: (1) Creative outlet or acquisition of a new skill; (2) achievement of normality; (3) mutual or peer-support; (4) relationship-building and (5) meaningful recreation, distraction and diversion. The second group considered extrinsic factors: (6) Improved communication; (7) enhanced spiritual care and (8) better healthcare experience.Conclusions: several art and music interventions have been attempted which were beneficial to patients and generated a sense of achievement, connection and enjoyment. The interventions appear to uphold the principles of person-centred holistic care and have potential to generate a high-quality, supportive healthcare and working environment.Relevance to Clinical Practice: psychosocial interventions with art and music have improved the care and experience of patients undergoing stem cell transplant
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
People with enteral tubes and their carers' views of living with a tube and managing associated problems: a qualitative interview study.
Get PDFBackground: Nutrition by enteral tube is a complex therapy requiring significant management to ensure safe, timely delivery of nutrients and avoidance of complications. In the home setting people with enteral tubes and their carers are required to self-manage the therapy, including the need to cope with problems that arise. Whilst previous studies have conveyed experiences of people with enteral tubes, few have described views on enteral tube problems.
Aims and objectives: Drawing on the findings of a previously reported study (1), this paper aims to describe in-depth the experiences of people with enteral tubes and their carers of living with the tube day to day and managing problems that arise.
Design: A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured in-depth interviews was employed.
Methods: A purposive sample of 19 people with enteral tubes and 15 carers of people with tubes participated. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Using a thematic analysis approach, codes were defined and applied; themes developed and refined. Five themes with associated sub-themes were generated, of which one, “living with the tube”, is reported in-depth. The COREQ checklist was used.
Results:
Participants described the tube affecting both physical and psychosocial being and revealed it had resulted in significant changes to their daily living, necessitating adaptation to a new way of life. Participants reported spending much time and effort to manage tube problems, at times without support from healthcare practitioners knowledgeable in tube management. Discomfort associated with the tube was commonly described.
Conclusions:
Living with an enteral tube impacts significantly on daily life requiring adaptations to normal routine. People with tubes and their carers use a range of strategies to manage common complications.
Relevance to clinical practice:
Knowledge and understanding of how people with enteral tubes live with their tube and manage issues as they arise will enable healthcare practitioners to provide better support.
What does this paper contribute to the wider global community?
The number of people with enteral tubes living at home is increasing globally. People with enteral tubes and their carers are required to manage associated therapy and any issues that arise. Community nurses and other healthcare practitioners care for people with enteral tubes and need knowledge and understanding of the experience of living with a tube and managing associated problems to be able to provide appropriate support
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