1,721,125 research outputs found
Effects of volume on outcome in hepatobiliary surgery: a review with guidelines proposal
No full text: The positive relationship between volume and outcome in hepatobiliary surgery has been demonstrated for many years. As for other complex surgical procedures, both improved short- and long-term outcomes have been associated with a higher volume of procedures. However, whether the centralization of complex hepatobiliary procedures makes full sense because it should be associated with higher quality of care, as reported in the literature, precise criteria on what to centralize, where to centralize, and who should be entitled to perform complex procedures are still missing. Indeed, despite the generalized consensus on centralization in hepatobiliary surgery, this topic remains very complex because many determinants are involved in such a centralization process, of which some of them cannot be easily controlled. In the context of different health systems worldwide, such as national health systems and private insurance, there are different stakeholders that demand different needs: politicians, patients, surgeons, institutions and medical associations do not always have the same needs. Starting from a review of the literature on centralization in hepatobiliary surgery, we will propose some guidelines that, while not data-driven due to low evidence in the literature, will be based on good clinical practice
Unravel hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy in patients with resected colorectal liver metastases
No full textLiver surgery in Italy. Criteria to identify the hospital units and the tertiary referral centers entitled to perform it
No full textDuring the last decades, liver surgery had an extraordinary evolution and diffusion thanks to a drastic reduction of operative mortality and morbidity rates. A debate is ongoing about the need for centralization of liver resections in tertiary referral centers. Robust evidences showed that complex surgical procedures have lower mortality rates when performed in high-volume centers. The present expert group reviewed the literature data and proposed guidelines to identify surgical units that should be entitled to perform liver surgery in Italy. Three separate types of requirements were identified. First, the hospital requirements that include the following criteria: (1) a hospital of 1st level according to the Italian law; (2) the presence of a dedicated hepatobiliary or hepatobiliopancreatic unit or a team dedicated to liver surgery into a general surgery unit; (3) the mandatory presence of oncology, hepatology, radiology, interventional radiology, digestive endoscopy, intensive care, and pathology units; (4) the availability of a liver transplant team into the hospital or into another hospital within an established partnership; (5) a periodic multidisciplinary meeting. Second, the volume requirements: the unit has to perform more than 20 liver resections per year for malignant liver diseases with a 90-day mortality rate < 3 %. Finally, the organization requirements: the presence of specific diagnostic–therapeutic flowcharts for liver diseases
COVID-19: emerging challenges for oncological surgery
No full text: After the initial description of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, Italy was hit first in Europe and the impact has been rapidly enlarging. In early April 2020, at the epidemic peak, there were more than 33,000 patients hospitalized including more than 4,000 in Intensive Care Units (ICU). On May 15, the confirmed cases in Italy approached 224,000 patients (5th highest number worldwide), with more than 31,000 deaths (3rd highest number worldwide). Non-urgent, non-cancer procedures were stopped to reallocate nurses and anesthetists to face the COVID-19 emergency. The timeline of the progressive involvement by COVID-19 patients of 36 hospitals referrals for surgical oncology in Italy was shown in this article. Only emergency, and elective oncological procedures were allowed with obvious limitations in terms of numbers of operable cases. Criteria for prioritizing oncologic patients waiting for surgery were released by each region, mainly issuing main factors for decision making, biological aggressiveness or symptomatic disease, the interval from the latest treatment, and the risk of un-resectability if delayed. However, the lack of facilities mostly influenced the decision or not to proceed. The risk of operating on oncological patients with ongoing SARS-CoV-2 syndrome is real, and a preoperative flowchart for ruling out this occurrence has been promoted. In our center, the day before surgery, chest CT and swab testing have been introduced, and a similar behavior has been recommended prior to patients' discharge. The care of patients addressed for surgical oncology should be featured by dedicated paths to secure proper and prompt disease management
Chemotherapy-Associated Liver Injuries: Unmet Needs and New Insights for Surgical Oncologists
No full textSearch for Theragnostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Liver Metastases: Focus on the Host Immune Cells
No full textUse of contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography during liver surgery for colorectal cancer liver metastases – Its impact on operative outcome. Analysis of a prospective cohort study
No full textAbstractBackgroundPreliminary reports led to discordant conclusions concerning the use of contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasonography (CE-IOUS) during surgery for colorectal liver metastases (CLM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of CE-IOUS in patients undergoing surgery for CLM using an advanced preoperative imaging work-up, and well-established reference standards.Materials and methodsForty-seven consecutive patients underwent liver resection using IOUS and CE-IOUS for CLM. All patients underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 2 weeks prior to surgery. CE-IOUS was performed by injecting intravenously 4.8ml of sulphur-hexafluoride microbubbles (SonoVue, Bracco, Italy). Reference standards were histology, and 6-month imaging follow-up.ResultsIOUS discovered 43 additional lesions in 20 patients. CE-IOUS found 10 additional lesions not seen at IOUS in four patients, and confirmed all the IOUS findings. Fourteen CLM in 10 patients appeared within 6 months after surgery. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were, respectively: 66%, 0%, 98%, 0% and 65% for CT+MRI; 88%, 100%, 100%, 8%, 88% for IOUS and 93%, 100%, 100%, 13%, 93% for IOUS+CE-IOUS. In nine patients CE-IOUS afforded better definition of tumour margins thus helping in resection guidance.ConclusionsCE-IOUS improves IOUS findings both for detection and for resection guidance. The combination of IOUS and CE-IOUS should be considered routinely in patients operated for CLM
Tumor microenvironment in primary liver tumors: A challenging role of natural killer cells
No full textIn the last years, several studies have been focused on elucidate the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer development and progression. Within TME, cells from adaptive and innate immune system are one of the main abundant components. The dynamic interactions between immune and cancer cells lead to the activation of complex molecular mechanisms that sustain tumor growth. This important cross-talk has been elucidate for several kind of tumors and occurs also in patients with liver cancer, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Liver is well-known to be an important immunological organ with unique microenvironment. Here, in normal conditions, the rich immune-infiltrating cells cooperate with non-parenchymal cells, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, favoring self-tolerance against gut antigens. The presence of underling liver immunosuppressive microenvironment highlights the importance to dissect the interaction between HCC and iCCA cells with immune infiltrating cells, in order to understand how this cross-talk promotes tumor growth. Deeper attention is, in fact, focused on immune-based therapy for these tumors, as promising approach to counteract the intrinsic anti-tumor activity of this microenvironment. In this review, we will examine the key pathways underlying TME cell-cell communications, with deeper focus on the role of natural killer cells in primary liver tumors, such as HCC and iCCA, as new opportunities for immune-based therapeutic strategies
Ultrasound-guided anatomical liver resection using a compression technique combined with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging
No full textBackground: Anatomical resection (AR) is a recommended surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the conventional procedure (dye injection) for AR is difficult to reproduce. As an alternative, the tumour-feeding portal pedicle compression technique (finger-compression technique) has been proposed as an easy and reversible procedure. Here, we propose a new method combining indocyanine green (ICG) imaging with the finger-compression technique.Methods: Eligible patients were prospectively enrolled to undergo ICG compression (ICG-C) anatomical hepatectomy for HCC.Results: Fifteen patients underwent AR using the ICG-C technique. Overall, the surgical procedures included six segmentectomies, seven subsegmentectomies, and two right posterior sectionectomies. The median tumour size was 5.8 cm (range 2-7 cm). All procedures had an R0 margin. There were no major complications among patients, and minor morbidity occurred in three patients.Conclusions: ICG-C is a safe, feasible and effective technique for patients eligible for AR
The role of R0/R1vasc resection in the treatment of patients affected by marginal resectable colorectal liver metastases: A pairwise propensity score match analysis
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