69 research outputs found
THE MOTHER ARCHETYPE IN TURKISH FOLK NARRATIVES
No full textArketip kavramı “ilk biçim”, “ilk imge”, “prototip” ve “kök örnek” adlarıyla da bilinmektedir. Anne arketipi, C. G. Jung’un temel arketiplerinden biridir. Evrensel bir yapı sergileyen anneliğin toplumsal bilinçdışı çerçevesinde dünyanın her yerinde aynı şekilde değerlendirilmesi “yüce ana arketipi”ni oluşturur. Annelik, bütün canlıların dişilerinde içgüdüsel olarak görülür. Çocuğu olan kadın toplumda annelik statüsüne sahip olur. Anne tipi, günlük yaşamda ve anlatılarda anne arketipinden izler taşıyarak kimi zaman çocuğunu çeşitli tehlikelere karşı koruyan, güçlüklerle baş etmesini sağlayan, besleyen ve fedakârlık yapan olumlu yönleriyle kimi zaman da engelleyen, yok eden ve cezalandıran olumsuz yönleriyle varlık gösterir. Anne arketipi kültürel pek çok kavram, imge, sembol ve bunlara bağlı yansımalarla ilişkilidir. Anlatıma dayalı türlerde yaratılış, ölüm, aydınlık, karanlık gibi kavramlar, güneş, ay, geyik, kayın ağacı ve mağara vb. gibi imgelerle temsil edilir. Evrensel bir tip olarak anne, her toplumun kendi öğretisi, dünyayı algılama ve yorumlama biçimiyle yeniden şekillenir. Yerel değerler ve unsurlarla bir topluma ait olur. Bu çalışmada insanlık tarihinin tanığı olarak kabul edilen, bir topluma ait temel kültürel değerlerin taşıyıcısı olan, günlük yaşamdan izler taşıyan ve inandırıcılık vasfıyla etki uyandırma özelliklerinden birini veya birkaçını aynı anda taşıyan mit, masal, destan, halk hikâyesi ve efsanelerden seçilen örneklerden hareketle anne arketipinin temsilcileri ve yansımaları, olumlu-olumsuz yönleriyle ortaya konulacaktır.The concept of archetype is also known as "first form", "first image", "prototype" and "root sample". The mother archetype is one of the main archetypes of C. G. Jung. The evaluation of motherhood, which exhibits a universal structure, in the same way all over the world within the framework of the social unconscious, constitutes the “supreme main archetype”. Motherhood is seen instinctively in the females of all living things. The woman with her child has maternal status in society. The mother type exists in daily life and narratives by carrying the traces of the mother archetype, sometimes with her positive aspects such as protecting her child against various dangers, coping with difficulties, nurturing and making sacrifices, and sometimes her negative aspects such as prevention, destruction and punishment. The mother archetype is connected with many cultural concepts, images,symbols and associated reflections. In narrative-based genres, concepts such as creation, death, light, darkness are represented by some images like sun, moon, deer, beech and cave etc. As a universal type, the mother is reshaped with each society's own teaching, the way it perceives and interprets the world. It belongs to a society with local values and elements. In this study, the representatives and reflections of the mother archetype will be revealed with their positive and negative aspects by means of the examples chosen from myth, fairy tale, epic, folk story and legends, which are accepted as witnesses of human history, which are the bearers of basic cultural values belonging to a society, bear traces from daily life, and carry one or more of the features that have the effect of persuasiveness
Total synthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids with antitumor activity towards an application in metabolic engineering
No full textLes produits naturels sont une source majeure de nouvelles structures, originales et complexes ; leurs propriétés pharmacologiques leur confèrent une grande importance dans le domaine de la santé humaine. Depuis leur découverte, les molécules naturelles, ainsi que leurs analogues constituent 70% des composés chimiques et sont utilisés pour traiter différentes maladies telles que les infections microbiennes, les cancers, les maladies cardiovasculaires, ou encore en tant qu'immunosuppresseurs. La diversité d'activités biologiques de ces molécules augmente considérablement la demande de production de ces dernières. Dans le contexte environnemental, économique et politique actuel, l'approvisionnement à partir de sources naturelles n'est pas une méthode durable pour une production à grande échelle en industrie. Ainsi, l'accès à ces molécules doit être réinitialisé pour garantir un approvisionnement constant. Fort de ce constat, la mise en place d'une nouvelle approche d'une combinaison de la chimie de synthèse avec l'ingénierie métabolique et la biologie de synthèse peut offrir de réelles opportunités. Dans le cadre de notre projet, notre attention s'est portée sur la biosynthèse de la Catharanthine, un précurseur de la Vinblastine. Cet alcaloïde blockbuster est utilisé en chimiothérapie comme agent antimitotique. La Vinblastine est extraite en petites quantités de la Pervenche de Madagascar. En s'appuyant sur la complète élucidation de la biosynthèse de ces alcaloïdes, de nouvelles opportunités de production ont vu le jour. La synthèse de la Catharanthine à plus grande échelle peut s'envisager par de l'ingénierie métabolique à partir de deux intermédiaires clés, la Stemmadénine et la Déhydrosécodine. Ainsi, ces travaux se concentrent sur la voie de synthèse de ces précurseurs.Natural substances constitute an infinite source of new structures, both original and complex, whose pharmacological properties make them important compounds in human health. Since their discovery, naturally derived products and their mimics composed an estimated 70% of new chemical compounds reported. Many of these derivatives are currently used to treat various diseases such as microbial infections, cancers, cardiovascular diseases or as immunosuppressants. This large variety of biological activities considerably increases the demand for molecules and raises the problem of a sustainable supply. In the current environmental context, this sourcing cannot be based solely on the collection of living organisms in situ, or even cultivated, to provide volumes compatible with the industrial scale. Access to these resources must therefore be reconceptualized to limit the decline of biological resources while guaranteeing a constant supply. In this context, the combination of synthetic chemistry and metabolic engineering/synthetic biology approaches can offer real opportunities. We focus thus our attention onto the biosynthesis of Catharanthine, a precursor of Vinblastine, an alkaloid blockbuster used in chemotherapy and currently extracted in small quantities from the Madagascar periwinkle. Given the recent complete elucidation of its biosynthesis, it opens the way to new opportunities to produce Vinblastine through bioengineering, and through the biotransformation of Stemmadenine, a preferred intermediate, for the synthesis of this dimeric indole alkaloid in larger quantities. A second precursor may be interesting in this process, the dehydrosecodine. Herein, we will report recent results in the total synthesis of theses alkaloids
Seven-Membered Rings With Three Heteroatoms 1,3,5
No full textInternational audienceThe content of this study dedicated to seven-membered heterocycles containing 1,3,5 heteroatoms is organized according to the type of 1,3,5 triheteropine ring system and the selected studies published since 2008. New synthetic methods for preparing monocyclic and fused seven-membered heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5 heteroatoms (N, O, and/or S) are addressed such as triazepine, triazepane, oxadiazepine, oxadiazepane, thiadiazepine, dioxazepine, dithiazepane, and dioxathiepine. Fully and partially saturated heterocycles are considered
Acil Servis Birimlerinde Yapay Aydınlatma Tasarımının Değerlendirilmesi ve Öneriler: Denizli Örneği
No full text
Determination of Emergency Service Artificial Lighting Design Criteria and Evaluation Methods
No full textBeing a life and social studies textbook author in the process of changing educational programs : trialing to understand an educator
No full textÇocuğa görelik, çocuğa özgülük düşüncelerinin ortaya çıkışı yapılandırmacı yaklaşımı temele almaktadır. Bu anlayış onları didaktik öğretiden uzak onun sesi, onun seçimi ve onun eylemi doğrultusunda okula başladığı andan itibaren gerçek yaşamın bir parçası haline getirmeyi hedefleyen yaklaşımdır. Ancak felsefe olarak çocuğa son derece uygun görünen bu programların ders kitaplarına yansımasının aynı olamadığı durumların olduğu görülmüştür. Bir diğer yandan ise yapılandırmacı anlayış öncesindeki davranışçı anlayış temelindeki programlarda da ders kitapları yazılmıştır. Yazılan ders kitaplarını yazan yazarların olduğu ve temelde bu yazarların döneme hâkim olan eğitim anlayışını derinlemesine benimseyerek eyleme geçmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Bu görüşten hareketle yapılan çalışmanın amacı 1998, 2005 ve 2018 Hayat Bilgisi Dersi Öğretim Programlarına göre yazılmış ders kitaplarının içeriğinde yer alan bilginin sunum yöntemini saptamak, görsel öğelerin işlevlerini belirlemek, etkinliklerde ve tema sonlarında bulunan ölçme değerlendirme çalışmalarında kullanılan soru biçimlerini saptamak; araştırma konusu yazarın öğretim programlarına ve ders kitaplarına ilişkin görüşlerini almaktır. Bu genel amaç doğrultusunda aşağıda yer alan sorulara yanıt aranmıştır: 1998, 2005 ve 2018 Yılı Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Programları’na göre hazırlanmış ders kitapları; •bilginin sunumu, •görsel öğeler ve işlevleri, •ölçme ve değerlendirme uygulamaları açısından nasıldır? •Araştırma konusu yazarın 1998, 2005 ve 2018 yılı Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Programlarına ve ders kitaplarına ilişkin görüşleri nasıldır? Araştırma konusu yazarın 1998, 2005 ve 2018 Yılı Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Programlarına göre hazırlanmış ders kitapları; •bilginin sunumu, •görsel öğeler ve işlevleri, •etkinlikler, ölçme ve değerlendirme uygulamaları açısından nasıldır? Araştırmada; 1998, 2005 ve 2018 Hayat Bilgisi Programlarına göre yazılmış ders kitaplarında yer alan metinleri, görsel öğeleri ve ölçme değerlendirme çalışmalarını karşılaştırmaya yönelik doküman incelemesi yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmada 18 ayrı ders kitabı incelenmiştir. Diğer yandan araştırma konusu yazarın Hayat Bilgisi Programlarına ve ders kitaplarına ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doküman incelemesinden ve görüşmelerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre; •1998 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında genel olarak örnek olaya yer verilmediği, 2005 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında konuların genellikle örnek olayla işlendiği, 2018 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında örnek olay sayısının görece azaldığı, •Didaktik ifadelere 1998 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında sıkça yer verilirken bu sayısının 2005 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında oldukça azaltıldığı, 2018 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında görece arttığı, •1998 ve 2018 Hayat Bilgisi Programları’na göre 2005 Hayat Bilgisi Programında görsel öğe çeşitliliğinin arttığı ancak fotoğraf sayısının azaldığı, •2005 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında etkinliklere ilişkin açık uçlu soru sayısının 1998 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarına göre artış gösterdiği, ancak 2018 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında etkinliklere ilişkin açık uçlu soru sayısında 2005’e göre belirgin bir azalma olduğu, •2005 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında tema sonu değerlendirme çalışmasında ölçme türü çeşitliliği sağlanırken 1998 ve 2018 Hayat Bilgisi ders kitaplarında görece çoktan seçmeli soru türü tercih edildiği, •Tüm bu değişimlerin araştırma konusu yazar tarafından 1998, 2005 ve 2018 Hayat Bilgisi öğretim programına göre yazılan ders kitaplarında da belirlendiği, •Araştırma konusu yazarın 1998 Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim davranışçı, 2005 Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim yapılandırmacı, 2018 Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim karma olarak adlandırdığı tespit edilmiştir.The emergence of ideas of child-specificity and child-specificity is based on the constructivist approach. This understanding is an approach that aims to make them a part of real life from the moment they start school in line with his voice, his choice and his action, away from didactic teaching. However, it has been observed that there are cases where the reflection of these programs, which seem very suitable for the child as philosophy, to the textbooks is not the same. On the other hand, textbooks were written in the programs based on the behaviorist understanding before the constructivist approach. It is thought that there are authors who wrote the textbooks and that these authors should take action by deeply adopting the education understanding that dominated the period. Based on this view, the aim of the study is to determine the presentation method of the information in the content of the textbooks written according to the 1998, 2005 and 2018 Life Studies Curriculum, to determine the functions of the visual elements, to determine the question forms used in the assessment and evaluation studies in the activities and at the end of the themes; The subject of the research is to get the author's views on curricula and textbooks. In line with this general purpose, answers to the following questions were sought: Textbooks prepared according to 1998, 2005 and 2018 Life Studies Curriculums; • presentation of information, • visual elements and functions, • how is it in terms of measurement and evaluation practices? • What are the views of the author, which is the subject of the research, on the Life Studies Curriculum and textbooks in 1998, 2005 and 2018? Textbooks prepared according to the 1998, 2005 and 2018 Life Studies Curriculum of the author, which is the subject of the research; • presentation of information, • visual elements and functions, • how are the activities in terms of measurement and evaluation practices? In the research; A document review was conducted to compare the texts, visual elements and assessment and evaluation studies in the textbooks written according to the 1998, 2005 and 2018 Life Studies Programs. In this study, 18 different textbooks were examined. On the other hand, interviews were conducted to determine the author's views on Life Studies Programs and textbooks. According to the results obtained from the document review and interviews; •Case studies were not generally included in 1998 Life Studies textbooks, subjects were generally covered with case studies in 2005 Life Studies textbooks, and the number of case studies in 2018 Life Studies textbooks was relatively reduced, •While didactic expressions are frequently used in 1998 Life Studies textbooks, this number was considerably reduced in 2005 Life Studies textbooks and relatively increased in 2018 Life Studies textbooks, •Compared to the 1998 and 2018 Life Studies Programs, the variety of visual elements increased in the 2005 Life Studies Program, but the number of photographs decreased, •The number of open-ended questions about activities in 2005 Life Studies textbooks increased compared to 1998 Life Studies textbooks, but there was a significant decrease in the number of open-ended questions about activities in 2018 Life Studies textbooks compared to 2005, •While the variety of measurement types was provided in the end-of-theme evaluation study in 2005 Life Studies textbooks, relatively multiple-choice question types were preferred in 1998 and 2018 Life Studies textbooks, •All these changes are also determined by the author, which is the subject of the research, in the textbooks written according to the 1998, 2005 and 2018 Life Studies curriculum, •It has been determined that the author of the research named the 1998 Life Studies Curriculum as behaviorist, the 2005 Life Studies Curriculum as constructivist, and the 2018 Life Studies Curriculum as mixed
Genetic Algorithm Assisted Radial Basis Function Multiuser Detector for DS-CDMA
No full textThe optimal receiver for detecting the Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) signals suffers from computational complexity which increases exponentially with the increasing number of users. Thus several sub-optimal multiuser dedectors (MUD) are proposed. Radial Basis Function (RBF) MUD is one of these sub-optimal receivers which has a very high performance but which still suffers from computational complexity since the number of center functions increases exponentially with the increasing number of users. In this contribution, we propose a new method to minimize the number of center functions of RBF MUD using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm. Simulation results showed that the proposed method immensely reduced the complexity of the RBF MUD and the MUD was capable of succesfully tracking the bit error rate of the single-user detector
Complexity reduction of RBF multiuser detector for DS-CDMA using a genetic algorithm
No full textThe optimal receiver for detecting direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) signals suffers from computational complexity that increases exponentially with the number of users. Several suboptimal multiuser detectors (MUDs) have been proposed to overcome this problem. Due to the nonlinear nature of the decision boundary of the optimal receiver, it is known that nonlinear receivers outperform linear receivers. Radial basis function (RBF) MUD is a nonlinear suboptimal receiver that can perfectly approximate this decision boundary and it needs no training since it is fully determined when the spreading codes of all users and the channel impulse response (CIR) are known. However, the RBF MUD suffers from structural complexity since the number of hidden nodes (center functions) in its structure increases exponentially with the number of users. In this study, we propose a new method to minimize the number of center functions of the RBF MUD using a genetic algorithm (GA) and the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm. With simulations performed in AWGN and multipath channels it is shown that the proposed method immensely reduces the complexity of the RBF MUD with a negligible performance degradation
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