405 research outputs found
On-board multi-objective mission planning for unmanned aerial vehicles
No full textA system for automated mission planning is presented with a view to operate Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the National Airspace System (NAS). This paper describes methods for modelling decision variables, for enroute flight planning under Visual Flight Rules (VFR). For demonstration purposes, the task of delivering a medical package to a remote location was chosen. Decision variables include fuel consumption, flight time, wind and weather conditions, terrain elevation, airspace classification and the flight trajectories of other aircraft. The decision variables are transformed, using a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) cost function, into a single cost value for a grid-based search algorithm (e.g. A*). It is shown that the proposed system provides a means for fast, autonomous generation of near-optimal flight plans, which in turn are a key enabler in the operation of UAVs in the NAS
Untersuchung der biologischen Aktivität von Nanopartikeln in Tumorschnittkulturen
No full textDie Entdeckung der RNA‐Interferenz (RNA‐i) als ein natürlicher Prozess der Genregulation sorgte auf Grund des möglichen Einsatzes für therapeutische Zwecke für großes Interesse. Probleme beim Transport der RNA‐i‐induzierenden kleinen RNA‐Moleküle (siRNAs) traten vor allem hinsichtlich Ladungsverhältnissen, Instabilität und Molekulargewicht auf. Um diese Probleme zu lösen, wurden zunehmend Transportsysteme aus Nanopartikeln untersucht. Die verwendeten Polyethylenimine (PEIs) sind positiv geladene, verzweigt oder linear aufgebaute Polymere, welche mit RNAs (siRNA, miRNA) Komplexe bilden. Modifikationen der PEI‐Kom‐ plexe können zu einem effektiveren Transport der RNA, zu veränderten pharmakokinetischen Eigenschaften und zu einer verbesserten Biokompatibilität führen. Der Erfolg dieser therapeu‐ tischen Nanopartikel ist insbesondere von der effizienten zellulären Aufnahme, der Fähigkeit der Gewebepenetration und vom Erreichen der Zielzellen abhängig. Der Großteil der bisheri‐ gen Untersuchungen von PEIs wurde an Zellkulturen durchgeführt. Die hier erzielten Ergeb‐ nisse lassen sich jedoch nur schwer auf komplexe in‐vivo‐Systeme übertragen.
Aus diesem Grund wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Anwendung der PEIs an Tumorschnitt‐ kulturen untersucht. Dafür wurde zuerst die Kultivierung von 350 μm durchmessenden Dünn‐ schicht‐Präparaten von Xenotransplantat‐Tumoren aus PC3 und U87 Zelllinien etabliert. Eine erfolgreiche Kultivierung konnte über 14 Tage durchgeführt werden. An bestimmten Zeit‐ punkten nach Kultivierungsbeginn (Tag 1, 3, 5, 7 und 14) wurden die Morphologie und die Vitalität (Apoptose, Proliferation) durch eine HE‐ oder immunhistochemische Färbung be‐ stimmt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Morphologie der Tumorzellen sowie die Prolifera‐ tion und Apoptose über den gesamten Kultivierungszeitraum erhalten blieben.
Im nächsten Schritt wurde sowohl der Transport der siRNA von nicht‐modifizierten und modi‐ fizierten PEIs als auch der Transport durch deren Lipopolyplex‐Derivate (PEI‐siRNA‐Komplexe mit Liposomenhülle) analysiert. Für die Visualisierung der Komplexe wurde fluoreszenzmar‐ kierte siRNA verwendet. Die PEI‐siRNA‐Komplexe wurden auf die Schnittkulturen gegeben und über 24 Stunden kultiviert. In der mikroskopischen Analyse und ihrer Quantifizierung erfolgte die erste Einschätzung der Gewebepenetration. Es zeigten sich Unterschiede in der Gewebe‐ penetration der verschiedenen Nanopartikel, abhängig von deren Oberflächenladung.
Um die biologische Aktivität der Nanopartikel in lebenden Zellen besser evaluieren zu können, wurde im dritten Schritt der Knockdown eines endogenen Genproduktes untersucht. Zielgen war hier das Onkogen Survivin, welches ein wichtiger endogener Überlebensfaktor der Tu‐ morzellen darstellt. Es gelang der Nachweis eines durch PEI‐siRNA‐Komplexe vermittelten Knockdowns des Survivin‐Gens.
Insgesamt konnten somit Gewebeschnittkulturen als Grundlage für die ex‐vivo Untersuchung von Nanopartikeln etabliert werden. Es konnten nicht nur Aussagen über die Gewebepenet‐ ration der Nanopartikel, sondern auch über ihre biologischen Aktivitäten in einer intakten Ge‐ webestruktur getroffen werden.:Bibliographische Beschreibung 3
1 Einleitung 5
1.1 Der Einsatz der RNA-Interferenz (RNA-i) und von Nanopartikeln in der Medizin 5
1.2 Die RNA-Interferenz 6
1.2.1 Der Prozess der RNA-Interferenz 6
1.2.2 Vor- und Nachteile der RNA-Interferenz 9
1.3 Nanopartikel als Transportsysteme der siRNA: Polyethylenimine 10
1.4 Die Transportfähigkeit von Polyethyleniminen und ihre Optimierung 12
1.5 Anwendung der Polyethylenimine in in-vivo-Systemen 14
1.6 Präklinische Tumormodelle 15
1.6.1 Zellkulturen 15
1.6.2 Xenograft-Modelle und Gewebeschnittkulturen 16
2 Fragestellung 18
3 Literatur 19
4 Publikationen 24
5 Anlagen 32
6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 33
7 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 36
8 Lebenslauf 37
9 Danksagung 40
10 Erklärung über den wissenschaftlichen Beitrag 41
11 Teilnahmebestätigung: Vorlesung zur „Guten Wissenschaftlichen Praxis“ 4
Ivan Merz and the Search for the Truth
No full textČlanak je posvećen Ivanu Merzu i njegovim traganjima za istinom. Počinje od analize književnih djela koja Merz proučava i koja su zaslužna za njegov intelektualni rast; ona nas vodi do Merzova zaključka u odnosu na važnost filozofije u ljudskome životu. Slijedi Merzovo traženje istine u različitim materijalnim formama, literarno-estetskim, te njihovo napuštanje radi otkrivanja više ideje, univerzalne istine. Potom se iznose Merzove tvrdnje o važnosti duhovne dimenzije i njegovo otkriće postojanja Boga kojemu duša nehotice teži. Na kraju članka pišem o postojanju ljudske borbe za otkrivanjem prave istine kako bih na koncu došao do zaključka o univerzalnoj istini, dostupnoj svima nama.This article is devoted to Ivan Merz and his search for truth. It begins with an analysis of the literary works which Merz studied and which contributed to his intellectual development. Through these works we arrive at Merz’s conclusion regarding the importance and significance of philosophy in man's life. The author continues to expound on Merz's search for truth in various literary-aesthetic material forms, and his later abandonment of the same, only to discover the existence of a higher idea, a universal truth. This is followed by an exposition of Merz’s claims on the importance of the spiritual dimension, his discovery that God exists and the fact that the soul aspires to Him unawares. The last part of the article deals with man's struggle to uncover the real truth, and the author comes to the conclusion that a universal truth exists which is attainable by all
Schwitters\u27s <em>Ursonate</em> and the <em>Merz</em> Barn Wall
No full textThis paper notes the importance of Kurt Schwitters\u27s Merz project to the modernist politics and poetics of exile of the 20th century. Placing the sound work of Schwitters within his full Merz project, the author assesses the relations between the Ursonate and the final Merzbau. He discusses three of these relationscollage, found objects and the structures of building materiality in language and sculptureand presents Schwitters\u27s work as culminating in a vision of sound and building structures in what Brandon Taylor has called intrusive new entities of collage and assemblage that are themselves analogous to the intrusive new entities of human material itself
Lucky Hans and other Merz fairy tales
No full textKurt Schwitters revolutionized the art world in the 1920s with his Dadaist Merz collages, theater performances, and poetry. But at the same time he was also writing extraordinary fairy tales that were turning the genre upside down and inside out. Lucky Hans and Other Merz Fairy Tales is the first collection of these subversive, little-known stories in any language and the first time all but a few of them have appeared in English. Translated and introduced by Jack Zipes, one of the world's leading authorities on fairy tales, this book gathers thirty-two stories written between 1925 and Schwitters's death in 1948--including a complete English-language recreation of The Scarecrow, a children's book illustrated with avant-garde typography that Schwitters created with Kate Steinitz and De Stijl founder Theo van Doesburg. Lucky Hans and Other Merz Fairy Tales also includes brilliant new illustrations that evoke the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s.Schwitters wrote these darkly humorous, satirical, and surreal tales at a time when traditional German fairy tales were being co-opted by the Nazis. Filled with sharp critiques of German life during the Weimar and early Nazi eras, Schwitters's tales are rich with absurdist events and insist that not everyone--and perhaps not anyone--lives happily ever after. In Lucky Hans, the starving protagonist tries to catch a rabbit only to have it shed its fur like a coat and run off naked into the forest. In other tales, a sarcastic gypsy stands in for a fairy godmother and an army recruit is arrested for growing to monstrous size.Lucky Hans and Other Merz Fairy Tales is a delightfully strange and surprising book.Jack Zipes is a leading authority on fairy tales. His translations include The Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm and The Fairy Tales of Hermann Hesse (both Bantam). He is the editor of The Great Fairy Tale Tradition (Norton), and the author of Why Fairy Tales Stick and Hans Christian Andersen, among many other books. He is professor emeritus of German and comparative literature at the University of Minnesota.Reviews:Mostly unpublished during Schwitters's lifetime, the tales have been rescued from oblivion by teams of eager Germanists, and selected, translated and introduced for this edition by eminent fairytale scholar Jack Zipes. The tales are accompanied by cutely sinister illustrations by Irvine Peacock.--Justin Clemens, The AustralianIncluding four pieces Schwitters wrote in English--he had abandoned German, as the Nazis' language--this volume stands as a substantial, chronologically representative, and delightful addition to the still small number of texts by Schwitters published in the U.S. Zipes supplies snappy translations and a thoughtful critical introduction.--Choice</p
Lucky Hans and other Merz fairy tales
No full textKurt Schwitters revolutionized the art world in the 1920s with his Dadaist Merz collages, theater performances, and poetry. But at the same time he was also writing extraordinary fairy tales that were turning the genre upside down and inside out. Lucky Hans and Other Merz Fairy Tales is the first collection of these subversive, little-known stories in any language and the first time all but a few of them have appeared in English. Translated and introduced by Jack Zipes, one of the world's leading authorities on fairy tales, this book gathers thirty-two stories written between 1925 and Schwitters's death in 1948--including a complete English-language recreation of The Scarecrow, a children's book illustrated with avant-garde typography that Schwitters created with Kate Steinitz and De Stijl founder Theo van Doesburg. Lucky Hans and Other Merz Fairy Tales also includes brilliant new illustrations that evoke the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s.Schwitters wrote these darkly humorous, satirical, and surreal tales at a time when traditional German fairy tales were being co-opted by the Nazis. Filled with sharp critiques of German life during the Weimar and early Nazi eras, Schwitters's tales are rich with absurdist events and insist that not everyone--and perhaps not anyone--lives happily ever after. In Lucky Hans, the starving protagonist tries to catch a rabbit only to have it shed its fur like a coat and run off naked into the forest. In other tales, a sarcastic gypsy stands in for a fairy godmother and an army recruit is arrested for growing to monstrous size.Lucky Hans and Other Merz Fairy Tales is a delightfully strange and surprising book.Jack Zipes is a leading authority on fairy tales. His translations include The Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm and The Fairy Tales of Hermann Hesse (both Bantam). He is the editor of The Great Fairy Tale Tradition (Norton), and the author of Why Fairy Tales Stick and Hans Christian Andersen, among many other books. He is professor emeritus of German and comparative literature at the University of Minnesota.Reviews:Mostly unpublished during Schwitters's lifetime, the tales have been rescued from oblivion by teams of eager Germanists, and selected, translated and introduced for this edition by eminent fairytale scholar Jack Zipes. The tales are accompanied by cutely sinister illustrations by Irvine Peacock.--Justin Clemens, The AustralianIncluding four pieces Schwitters wrote in English--he had abandoned German, as the Nazis' language--this volume stands as a substantial, chronologically representative, and delightful addition to the still small number of texts by Schwitters published in the U.S. Zipes supplies snappy translations and a thoughtful critical introduction.--Choice</p
Development of an autonomous helicopter for aerial powerline inspections
No full textAutonomous mini-helicopters have been seen as a viable option for aerial-based powerline inspections, however there are numerous research and engineering challenges in developing a system capable of achieving this task in a dependable manner. We have developed an autonomous helicopter as a research platform which will allow us to demonstrate proof-of-concept capabilities for powerline inspections. Through numerous development cycles and from flight test experience we have gained insights into the key challenges in this area. We discuss these insights, describe the helicopter platform and present our research progress in the area of obstacle avoidance for mini-helicopters
Living sculptures: Marisa Merz and Mila Leva Pistoi in the sign of Merleau-Ponty. A post-minimalist horizon
No full textThe first critical account of Marisa Merz's work was an unsigned interview, published on December 1966 in "marcatrè". We propose here to refer that text to the Turin critic Mila Leva Pistoi, author of other dialogues with the leading personalities of the new Italian art scene. The reference to the thought of Maurice Merleau-Ponty returns constantly, allowing Leva Pistoi to interpret in a phenomenological key the Living Sculptures of Marisa Merz, as well as the recent works of Mario Merz and Michelangelo Pistoletto. In that same 1966 a reference to the Freudian notion of «corporeal self» was used by Lucy Lippard in presenting the exhibition Eccentric Abstraction, with specific attention to the unstable and metamorphic works of Eva Hesse and Louise Bourgeois, for many aspects close to those of Marisa Merz, while Rosalind Krauss in "Artforum" leaned on the thought of Merleau-Ponty for her interpretation of the work of Donald Judd. The contributions of these three authors opened a post-minimalist critical perspective, which emphasized the essential character of every act of perception to define the meaning of the artwork and proposed an unprecedented triangulation, mediated by the living body, between the subject, the artwork, and the world
Multi-objective four-dimensional vehicle motion planning in large dynamic environments
No full textThis paper presents Multi-Step A* (MSA*), a search algorithm based on A* for multi-objective 4D vehicle motion planning (three spatial and one time dimension). The research is principally motivated by the need for offline and online motion planning for autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). For UAVs operating in large, dynamic and uncertain 4D environments, the motion plan consists of a sequence of connected linear tracks (or trajectory segments). The track angle and velocity are important parameters that are often restricted by assumptions and grid geometry in conventional motion planners. Many existing planners also fail to incorporate multiple decision criteria and constraints such as wind, fuel, dynamic obstacles and the rules of the air. It is shown that MSA* finds a cost optimal solution using variable length, angle and velocity trajectory segments. These segments are approximated with a grid based cell sequence that provides an inherent tolerance to uncertainty. Computational efficiency is achieved by using variable successor operators to create a multi-resolution, memory efficient lattice sampling structure. Simulation studies on the UAV flight planning problem show that MSA* meets the time constraints of online replanning and finds paths of equivalent cost but in a quarter of the time (on average) of vector neighbourhood based A*
Aktualität des seligen Ivan Merz für heutige Jugend. Der Name von Ivan Merz – Programm des Lebens und der Wirkung für einen jungen Katholiken
No full text"Ime Ivana Merza značilo je za čitav jedan naraštaj mladih katolika program života i djelovanja. Ono to mora biti i danas!" To su riječi što ih je izrekao papa Ivan Pavao Drugi na beatifi kaciji bl. Ivana Merza u Banjoj Luci 22. lipnja 2003. Polazeći od tih papinih riječi, autor u članku analizira na koji način ostvariti tu papinu ideju, kako mladima današnjice približiti lik, djelo i poruku bl. Ivana. Poučen osobnim iskustvom u radu s mladima, autor ističe uspjeh što ga je u svome životu na raznim područjima postigao i ostvario bl. Ivan, a po čemu taj blaženik može zainteresirati mladoga čovjeka. Ukratko se prikazuje bl. Ivan i njegov život u pogledu životnog uspjeha. O temi "uspjeha" u životu bl. Ivana govorio je i papa Ivan Pavao Drugi u svojoj propovijedi na misi povodom beatifi kacije istaknuvši da je najveći njegov uspjeh bio ostvarenje svetosti i kršćanskih vrlina. U članku se nadalje spominje i priznanje koje je papa Benedikt XVI dao hrvatskom blaženiku Ivanu Merzu uvrstivši ga među 18 najvećih svetaca u povijesti Crkve koji su se istaknuli u štovanju euharistije. Članak završava tvrdnjom da se duhovna veličina i ljepota duše bl. Ivana može najbolje upoznati čitanjem njegovih tekstova, posebice njegova dnevnika, u kojem mladi čovjek može naći puno toga korisnog i ohrabrujućeg za svoj duhovni život.The Name "Ivan Merz" meant a program of life and action for a whole generation of young catholics. It must also mean the same today!" These were the words spoken by Pope John Paul II at the beatification of bl. Ivan Merz in Banja Luka on June 22nd 2003. Using those words as a starting point in the article, the author analyses possible ways of achieving the Pope's idea of how to make the character, deeds and message of bl. Ivan closer to them. Using his own personal experience in working with youth the author praises the achievements made by bl. Ivan during his life time which in turn can be of interest for a young people. There is a short overview of bl. Ivan and his life from the perspective of his life achievements. Pope John Paul II spoke on the topic of life "achievements" of bl. Ivan in his homily during the mass of beatification and pointed out that his greatest success was achieving sanctity and Christian values. The article then mentions the acknowledgment of Pope Benedict XVI given to the Croatian blessed Ivan Merz by listing him among the 18 greatest saints in the history of the Church that have distinguished themselves in eucharistic devotion. The article ends with the statement that the best way to learn about the spiritual greatness and the beauty of bl. Ivan's soul is by reading his texts especially his diary in which a young man can find many useful and encouraging data about for their spiritual life."Der Name von Ivan Merz bedeutete ein Programm des Lebens und der Wirkung für eine ganze Generation junger Katholiken. Er müsse es auch heutzutage sein!" Dies seien die Wörter, welche der Papst Johann Paul der Zweite an der Beatifikation des seligen Ivan Merz am 22. Juni 2003 in Banja Luka aussprach. Ausgehenden von diesen päpstlichen Worten, analysiere der Autor im Artikel, wie man diese päpstliche Idee verwirklichen solle, wie man den heutigen Jugendlichen die Figur, das Werk und die Botschaft des seligen Ivan annähern könne. Belehrt durch eigene Erfahrung in der Arbeit mit den Jugendlichen hebe der Autor den Erfolg hervor, welchen auch der selige Ivan in seinem Leben in verschiedenen Gebieten realisiert hat und damit könne der Selige in einem jungen Menschen Interesse wecken. In kurz werden der selige Ivan und sein Leben hinsichtlich des Lebenserfolgs dargestellt. Vom Thema des "Erfolgs" im Leben des seligen Ivan sprach auch der Papst Johann Paul der Zweite in seiner Predigt in der Messe anlässlich der Beatifikation, indem er hervorhob, dass sein größter Erfolg in der Verwirklichung der Heiligkeit und christlicher Tugenden lag. Im Artikel werde auch weiterhin die Anerkennung erwähnt, welche der Papst Benedikt XVI dem kroatischen Seligen Ivan Merz gegeben hat, ihn in Reihe und Glied der 18 größten Heiliger in der kirchlichen Geschichte stellend, die sich mit der Verehrung der Eucharistie hervorgetan haben. Der Artikel beende mit der Behauptung, dass sich die geistliche Größe und Schönheit der Seele vom seligen Ivan Merz am besten mit dem Lesen seiner Texte, besonders seines Tagebuchs erlesen lassen, in dem ein junger Mensch viel vom Nützlichen und Ermutigenden für sein geistliches Leben finden könne
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