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    On the distribution and genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae s.s. molecular forms

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    This paper summarises published and unpublished data on the spatial and temporal distribution, and on the genetic characterisation of molecular forms M and S of Anopheles gambiae s.s. The two forms are characterised by a high level of gene-flow restriction, by a largely overlapping geographical and temporal distribution, and by a low degree of genetic differentiation. Floating paracentric inversions on chromosome-2 are shown to be shared by the two forms, although with very different frequencies of alternative arrangements, confirming that these inversions are most probably involved in ecotypic adaptation, rather than in the building of reproductive barriers. Further studies and tools are needed to throw light on the genetic and biological differentiation of M and S to improve the knowledge of the real composition of the vector system, of its demography, population genetics and dynamics, also in view of the possible consequences on the transmission of human pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa. Preliminary results and perspectives of the use of transposable element insertion sites as markers of genetic differentiation and tools for population genetic studies are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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