1,721,607 research outputs found
Dataset for Benchmarking the Sim-to-Real Gap in Cloth Manipulation
No full textThis dataset is supplemental to the paper "Benchmarking the Sim-to-Real Gap in Cloth Manipulation".Peer reviewe
Presente y futuro de los robots asistenciales: Desafíos tecnocientíficos y éticos
No full textDiscurso de Ingreso de la Excma. Sra. D.ª Carme Torras Genís
Leído en el acto de su recepción pública el 20 de febrero de 2024
Contestación del académico Excmo. Sr. D. Pere Brunet Crosa
En primer lugar, la nueva académica hace una breve introducción a la robótica asistencial y sus antecedentes históricos para, seguidamente, exponer los retos tecnocientíficos que plantea y cómo están siendo abordados por la comunidad investigadora, así como las implicaciones sociales y éticas que se derivan.
El envejecimiento de la población es un hecho incontrovertible y supone una carga creciente para el sistema de salud y para las familias. Si no se pone remedio, la situación puede convertirse en insostenible, ya que el personal sanitario y de asistencia será insuficiente para atender esta gran demanda. Implementar soluciones que disminuyan esta carga, aumentando la calidad de vida y la autonomía de las personas mayores y con limitaciones físicas o cognitivas, es una necesidad urgente.
La robótica asistencial se señala como una tecnología decisiva que ayuda a los cuidadores en hospitales, centros de rehabilitación y residencias de ancianos a liberarles de tareas rutinarias con poco valor humano añadido y favoreciendo la autonomía de estas personas.
La mayoría de las tareas que los robots asistenciales deben realizar (ayudar a los usuarios a vestirse y alimentarse o guiarlos en sus ejercicios de rehabilitación física o cognitiva) requieren gran destreza manipulativa, que los cuidadores tienen que poder enseñarles de manera fácil, por demostración o por guiado. Además, los movimientos de dichos robots han de ser intrínsecamente seguros para las personas, muy adaptables y personalizables, así como permitir el manejo de materiales deformables como la ropa. Estos son importantes desafíos en que está centrada la investigación actual.
La combinación de robots asistenciales, inteligencia artificial e Internet de las cosas ofrece inmensas posibilidades para mejorar la atención médica y la asistencia en las actividades de la vida diaria en los próximos años.
Ya no se trata solo de automatizar el trabajo pesado y repetitivo en los campos y en las fábricas, sino de interactuar con las personas en sus entornos cotidianos, lo que no solo impone nuevos requerimientos técnicos, sino que también tiene importantes implicaciones éticas y sociales que derivan del conflicto entre la toma de decisiones automática y la preservación de la libertad y la dignidad humanas.Obra producida en el ámbito de la subvención
concedida a la Real Academia de Ingeniería
por el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades.Peer reviewe
Ethics of Social Robotics: Individual and Societal Concerns and Opportunities
No full textFocus on the ethics of a given technology tends to lag far behind its development. This lag has been particularly acute in the case of artificial intelligence, whose accelerated deployment in a wide range of domains has triggered unprecedented attention on the risks and consequences for society at large, leading to a myriad of ethics regulations, which are difficult to coordinate and integrate due to their late appearance. The very nature of social robots forces their deployment to occur at a much slower pace, providing an opportunity for a profound reflection on ethics, which is already happening in multidisciplinary teams. This article provides a personal view of the ethics landscape, centered on the particularities of social robotics, with the main issues being ordered along two axes (individual and societal) and grouped into eight categories (human dignity, human autonomy, robot transparency, emotional bonding, privacy and safety, justice, freedom, and responsibility). This structure stems from the experience of developing and teaching a university course on ethics in social robotics, whose pedagogical materials are freely available.This work was partly supported by the European Research Council through the project
CLOTHILDE (Cloth Manipulation Learning from Demonstrations; advanced grant agreement
741930) and by the European Union’s Horizon Europe program through the project SoftEnable
(HORIZON-CL4-2021-DIGITAL-EMERGING-01-101070600).Peer reviewe
To each technology its own ethics? : a reply to Sætra and Danaher (and their critics)
No full textPublished online: 22 August 2024Contemporary ethics is currently ramifying into different sub-ethics specific to each type of technology. Although this trend has been very timely and rightly called into question by Sætra and Danaher, both these authors and their critics Llorca Albareda and Rueda leave the matter unsolved from a discipline point of view. In this commentary, we clarify the statute of the ethics of technology, which corresponds to that of a subsidiary applied ethics, and show how it is precisely that, what renders the creation of an ethics for each technology inappropriate. We thus provide a disciplinary reason to support Sætra and Danaher’s concern on tech ethics proliferation and to refute Llorca Albareda and Rueda’s relativization of it. In turn, we conclude by drawing some guidelines for tech ethics in practice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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