1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
СИСТЕМНАЯ СКЛЕРОДЕРМИЯ И ОСТЕОПОРОЗ
No full textSystemic sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of connective tissue with multi-syndrome clinical manifestations. Skeletal damage is considered to be one of significant contributors to the quality of life of these patients. The purpose of this review was to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and associated fractures in systemic sclerosis. We performed a search in Medline database by the following key words: “systemic sclerosis”, “bone mineral density” and “osteoporosis”. From 118 publications we selected for further analysis 18 papers which contained comparisons of bone mineral density in patients with systemic sclerosis and in control groups of healthy subjects or in patients with other rheumatic disorders. These trials showed various proportions of systemic sclerosis patients with decreased bone mineral density in the range of 32 to 77%. Osteoporosis was found in 22 to 60% women with systemic sclerosis which was significantly more frequent that in healthy age-matched women (from 8 to 23%). The rates of osteoporotic fractures in patients with systemic sclerosis, according to data given by various authors, were in the range of 2 to 38%, being higher than in healthy controls (from 2 to 10%). In the majority of publications, there was an association of osteoporosis with conventional risk factors, and in some studies there was an association of osteoporosis with clinical characteristics of systemic sclerosis. The studies were performed in relatively small patient groups and their results vary widely. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of osteoporosis and improve its treatment and prevention in patients with systemic sclerosis.Системная склеродермия – аутоиммунное воспалительное заболевание соединительной ткани с полисиндромной клинической картиной. Одним из факторов, существенно влияющих на качество жизни таких больных, считается поражение скелета. Целью настоящего обзора стала оценка частоты остеопороза и связанных с ним переломов при системной склеродермии. Поиск работ проводился в системе Medline по ключевым словам: «системная склеродермия» (systemic sclerosis), «минеральная плотность костей» (bone mineral density) и «остеопороз» (osteoporosis). Из 118 публикаций для анализа были отобраны 18 работ, в которых проводилось исследование минеральной плотности костей у больных системной склеродермией и в контрольной группе здоровых лиц или в группах сравнения, включавших пациентов с другими ревматическими заболеваниями. По данным этих исследований, снижение минеральной плотности костей у больных системной склеродермией выявлялось с разной частотой – от 32 до 77%. Развитие остеопороза наблюдалось у 22–60% женщин с системной склеродермией и встречалось значимо чаще, чем у здоровых женщин соответствующего возраста, – в 8–23%. Частота остеопоротических переломов у больных системной склеродермией, по данным разных авторов, составила от 2 до 38% и также была больше, чем у здоровых лиц контрольной группы (от 2 до 10%). В большинстве работ выявлена ассоциация остеопороза с традиционными факторами риска, а в отдельных исследованиях отмечалась ассоциация остеопороза с клиническими характеристиками системной склеродермии. Исследования проводились в относительно небольших группах больных; представленные результаты варьируют в широком диапазоне. Для уточнения механизмов развития остеопороза и его лечения и профилактики у больных системной склеродермией требуются дальнейшие исследования.
ОЦЕНКА РИСКА ПЕРЕЛОМОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МОДЕЛИ FRAX® (РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНОЕ ДЕСЯТИЛЕТНЕЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ)
No full textBackground: Application of the Russian FRAX® tool for solving a problem of antiosteoporotic therapy administration is urgent for our country. However today, there is no information confirming its high prognostiс value for wide clinical practice. Aim: Assessment of sensitivity and specificity of the Russian FRAX® tool in therapy of women aged 50 years and above. Materials and methods: Our pilot investigation involved 117 women of 50 to 79 years (mean age 64±7.1 years), examined in Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology in 2003. All patients filled in a FRAX® questionnaire to reveal absolute risk of fractures within a 10-year period of time. The risk of the most common osteoporotic fractures was assessed according to the threshold of the therapeutic treatment urgency brought forward by the Russian Association on Osteoporosis in 2012, with and without the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) taken into account. In 2003, the telephone questioning of patients was carried out to register possible fractures within the past decade. Results: During the 10-year period studied, the fractures of a minimal traumatic level were noted in 67 (57%) women (fractures of fingers, toes, and skull were ignored). The mean FRAX® score for the most common osteoporotic fractures, regardless of BMD, was higher in women with subsequent fractures than in those without them (p=0.005). The difference between mean FRAX® scores for hip fractures in these groups of women was statistically insignificant. When BMD measures of the hip neck were included into the FRAX® tool, the data obtained were similar. FRAX® tool scores, regardless of BMD, above the threshold of therapeutic treatment urgency were revealed in 41 (35%) women. The differences in prevalence of the high FRAX® scores for both most common osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures alone were absent among both the women with subsequent fractures and those without them. Sensitivity of the Russian FRAX® tool, regardless of BMD values, for the most common osteoporotic fractures formed 42%, and specificity – 74%. Given BMD values of the hip neck, sensitivity of the FRAX® tool for the most common osteoporotic fractures diminished to 28% but specificity grew to 84%. Presence of fractures in patients’ history increased for them the risk of the subsequent fractures 2.7 fold (odds ratio [OR] = 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21-6.28, p=0,02) independently of the FRAX® score. When FRAX® score is higher than the threshold of the therapeutic treatment urgency, the risk of subsequent fractures in women who had them in the past increased 10.8 fold (OR = 10.78; 95% CI = 2.48-55.97; p=0.0001). Smoking, early menopause, hip fracture in parents associated with a high FRAX® score of a patient didn’t additionally increase the risk of subsequent fractures. Conclusion. The preliminary data obtained are indicative of the low sensitivity and specificity of the present version of therapeutic treatment urgency threshold of the Russian FRAX® tool for the most common osteoporotic fractures. Further epidemiological investigations are needed for correction of this version.Актуальность. Использование российской модели FRAX® для решения вопроса о назначении антиостеопоротического лечения актуально для нашей страны. Однако на сегодняшний день нет данных, подтверждающих ее высокую прогностическую ценность для широкой клинической практики. Цель исследования – оценить чувствительность и специфичность российской модели FRAX® у женщин в возрасте 50 лет и старше. Материал и методы. В пилотное исследование включены 117 женщин в возрасте от 50 до 79 лет (средний возраст 64±7,1 года), обследованных в 2003 г. в ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии» РАМН, на которых ретроспективно был заполнен вопросник FRAX® для определения десятилетнего абсолютного риска переломов. Риск основных остеопоротических переломов оценивался в соответствии с порогом терапевтического вмешательства, предложенным Российской ассоциацией по остеопорозу в 2012 г., с учетом и без учета минеральной плотности кости (МПК). В 2013 г. проведен телефонный опрос для регистрации возможных переломов за прошедший десятилетний период. Результаты. За исследуемый период переломы при минимальном уровне травмы произошли у 67 (57%) женщин (переломы пальцев рук, ног и костей черепа не учитывались). Средний показатель FRAX® для основных остеопоротических переломов без учета МПК у лиц с вновь случившимися переломами был выше, чем у пациенток без таковых (p=0,005), а средние значения FRAX® для переломов бедра в этих группах статистически не различались. Аналогичные данные были получены и при включении в модель показателей МПК шейки бедра. Значения FRAX® без учета МПК выше порога терапевтического вмешательства были выявлены у 41 (35%) женщины. Достоверных различий по частоте встречаемости высокого показателя FRAX®, как для основных остеопоротических переломов, так и только для переломов бедра, среди пациенток с новыми переломами и без таковых не было. Чувствительность российской модели FRAX® без учета показателей МПК для основных остеопоротических переломов составила 42%, а специфичность – 74%. С учетом показателей МПК шейки бедра чувствительность алгоритма FRAX® для основных остеопоротических переломов уменьшилась до 28%, а специфичность увеличилась до 84%. Наличие переломов в анамнезе увеличивало риск последующих в 2,7 раза (отношение шансов (ОШ) 2,74 [95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 1,21-6,28], p=0,02), независимо от показателя FRAX®. При значении FRAX® выше порога терапевтического вмешательства и ранее перенесенных переломах риск новых переломов увеличивался в 10,8 раза (ОШ 10,78 [95% ДИ 2,48-55,97], p=0,0001). Курение, ранняя менопауза, перелом бедра у родителей в сочетании с высоким значением FRAX® не увеличивали дополнительно риск новых переломов. Заключение. Полученные нами предварительные данные указывают на низкую чувствительность и специфичность настоящей версии порога терапевтического вмешательства в российской модели FRAX® для основных остеопоротических переломов, что требует проведения дальнейших эпидемиологических исследований для ее коррекции
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
