1,721,128 research outputs found
Cavernous sinus syndrome: need for early diagnosis
No full textCavernous sinus syndrome (CSS) is a rare condition characterised by ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, ocular and conjunctival congestion, trigeminal sensory loss and Horner’s syndrome. These signs and symptoms result from the involvement of the cranial nerves passing through the cavernous sinus. We report the case of a 53-year-old man with a history of daily stabbing headache associated with dizziness, progressive blurred vision, right ocular pain, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. After working up the patient, a meningioma was identified as the cause of the CSS. Despite advances in neuroimaging techniques, in some cases, the aetiology of CSS remains difficult to determine. We highlight the clinical and radiological features of a meningioma, one of the causes of CSS. Early diagnosis and treatment of CSS play a key role in a better prognosis
Multiple cranial neuropathy (A teaching case)
No full textThere are few reports of the multiple cranial neuropathy variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Patients usually present with facial diplegia, lower cranial nerve involvement and hypo or areflexia. It is crucial to identify promptly this unusual cranial variant but the clinical characteristics remain poorly defined. This GBS variant usually has a rapid progressive course with respiratory muscle paralysis. Most of the patients recover well, although the process is slow. We report a 54 year old man presenting with facial diplegia, progressive ophthalmoplegia, lower cranial nerve involvement, sensory ataxia and generalized areflexia. This GBS variant is very unusual and seldom described in the literature; it is oftenly misdiagnosed. The clinical features and nerve conduction studies (absent F-waves, motor conduction block) provide evidence to support a diagnosis of an acute demyelinating polyneuropathy consistent with a regional cranial variant of GBS
Corrigendum to “Multiple cranial neuropathy (a teaching case)” MSARD 2(4) (2013) 395–398
No full textThere are few reports of the multiple cranial neuropathy variant of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS).
Patients usually present with facial diplegia, lower cranial nerve involvement and hypo or areflexia.
It is crucial to identify promptly this unusual cranial variant but the clinical characteristics remain
poorly defined. This GBS variant usually has a rapid progressive course with respiratory muscle
paralysis. Most of the patients recover well, although the process is slow. We report a 54 year old
man presenting with facial diplegia, progressive ophthalmoplegia, lower cranial nerve involvement,
sensory ataxia and generalized areflexia. This GBS variant is very unusual and seldom described in
the literature; it is oftenly misdiagnosed. The clinical features and nerve conduction studies
(absent F-waves, motor conduction block) provide evidence to support a diagnosis of an acute
demyelinating polyneuropathy consistent with a regional cranial variant of GBS.
& 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Teaching case: A man with a progressive gait impairment and visual compromise
Full text linkPrimary progressive multiple sclerosis can present with a wide variety of symptoms. We report a case of a 52-year-old man presenting with visual symptoms and gait impairment in whom a diagnosis of a primary progressive multiple sclerosis was established. Symptomatic treatment with dalfampridine was started but did not result in a considerable improvement. Gait disorders in multiple sclerosis are common and can have a considerable effect over the patient׳s quality of life. Dalfampridine is the first drug approved for the symptomatic treatment of gait in MS, although only a 40% of patients show an objective response to this medication. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis represents a therapeutic challenge. Currently, there are no disease modifying treatments approved but there are several medications undergoing assessment for this indication. Further research in the underlying pathophysiology of PPMS will help us develope more successful disease-modifying treatments. Meanwhile, a symptomatic approach should be offered in order to improve the patient׳s quality of life
Seronegative paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with thymoma
No full textParaneoplastic limbic encephalitis is an autoimmune syndrome characterized by the acute or subacute onset of encephalopathy, memory loss, confusion, temporal lobe seizures, and behavioral and mood changes. Although most patients with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis have antineuronal antibodies, advances in the field now permit the diagnosis without autoantibody test results. In this case illustrating the new diagnostic criteria, we report a 70-year-old woman who was brought to the emergency room after the acute onset of cognitive impairment, altered mental status, and choreoathetoid movements. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense signals in both temporal lobes, and a chest computed tomogram revealed a thymoma. Because the patient met current diagnostic criteria for autoimmune limbic encephalitis, we were able to start treatment before her antibody tests were processed. The patient received immunotherapy and her tumor was resected. Her choreoathetoid movements disappeared and her other neurologic symptoms improved. Her cerebrospinal fluid proved to be negative for paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis antibodies. Most but not all patients with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with thymoma have evidence of paraneoplastic antibodies. Prompt management of the underlying malignancy determines whether patients survive and may minimize future cognitive and functional impairment. Practicing neurologists and psychiatrists should be aware of this diagnosis
Multiple sclerosis in Colombia and other latin american countries
No full textThe spectrum of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Latin America is characterized by geographic and racial/genetic particularities. In this review we describe major studies of MS epidemiology, genetics, and clinical presentation in Latin America, with a focus on Colombia. We also consider the influence of national health care systems on the treatment of MS in Latin American patients. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the regional incidence of MS in Latin America is more complex than once thought, and broadly consistent with the geographical (latitudinal) distribution of MS in other parts of the world. Low prevalence of MS is considered to be 30/100,000. Colombia is considered a low-risk region for MS, as are other countries located near the equator, such as Panama and Ecuador. By contrast, Latin American countries located farther from the equator are medium or high-risk regions. National health care systems generally cover MS treatment, although bureaucratic problems sometimes interfere with delivery of high-cost medications and access to diagnostic tests, particularly in rural areas. The population of Colombia is racially diverse and genetically heterogeneous, making it difficult to study genetic associations within a complex disease such as MS. The clinical spectrum of MS in Latin America is similar to that of Europe or North America
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Stakeholders, actores estratégicos en la construcción de marca
Full text linkThe stakeholders, also known as groups of interest, are increasingly important for brand building, especially because of the need to generate differentiated communication on the part of the company, which must demonstrate a solid identity that generates processes for the creation of a correct image and a strong corporate reputation. In this aspect, this article meets a priority need: to know the groups of interest for the creation of brand building strategies, even from current tools such as experiential marketing. For this, a theoretical review of recognized authors in the field of branding, corporate communication, and marketing was carried out through specialized databases: academic texts, research, and scientific articles were taken into account. After having these inputs, relevant topics for the study of the stakeholders and their relationship with the communication of the companies were developed. This allowed for a detailed analysis of the company's intangibles, which contributes to the generation of useful knowledge for the field of branding. The main conclusions revolve around the relevance that stakeholders have in the management of the identity of the brand, with a view to generating a correct image and corporate reputation. This issue is key in the communication of any company, because currently the proper management of intangibles is the key to business success, and a good link with different stakeholders.Os stakeholders ou grupos de interesse são cada dia mais importantes para construir uma marca, em especial, devido à necessidade de a empresa gerar uma comunicação diferenciada, a qual deve demonstrar uma identidade sólida, que gere processos de criação de uma correta imagem e de uma reputação corporativa forte. Nesse aspecto, este artigo responde a uma necessidade prioritária: conhecer os grupos de interesse para criar estratégias de construção de marca, inclusive a partir de ferramentas de atualidade como o marketing experiencial. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão teórica de autores reconhecidos no campo da marca, da comunicação corporativa e do marketing por meio de bases de dados especializadas, em que foram considerados textos acadêmicos, pesquisas e artigos científicos. Em seguida, foram desenvolvidas temáticas relevantes para o estudo dos stakeholders e sua relação com a comunicação das empresas. Isso permitiu realizar uma análise detalhada dos intangíveis da empresa, o que contribui para gerar conhecimento útil para a área de branding. As principais conclusões giram em torno da relevância que os stakeholders têm na gestão da identidade da marca, com vistas à geração de uma correta imagem e reputação corporativa. Esse assunto é fundamental na comunicação de qualquer empresa devido a que, na atualidade, a gestão adequada dos intangíveis é a chave do sucesso empresarial e de um bom vínculo com os diferentes stakeholders.Los stakeholders, o grupos de interés, son cada día más importantes para la construcción de marca, especialmente por la necesidad de generar una comunicación diferenciada de parte de la empresa, la cual debe demostrar una identidad sólida, que genere procesos de creación de una correcta imagen y una reputación corporativa fuerte. En este aspecto, este artículo responde a una necesidad prioritaria: conocer los grupos de interés para la creación de estrategias de construcción de marca, incluso a partir de herramientas de actualidad como el marketing experiencial. Para esto se realizó una revisión teórica de autores reconocidos en el campo de la marca, la comunicación corporativa y el marketing, a través de bases de datos especializadas, donde se tuvieron en cuenta textos académicos, investigaciones y artículos científicos. Luego de tener estos insumos, se desarrollaron temáticas relevantes para el estudio de los stakeholders y su relación con la comunicación de las empresas. Esto permitió realizar un análisis detallado de los intangibles de la empresa, lo que aporta a la generación de conocimiento útil para el área del branding. Las principales conclusiones giran en torno a la relevancia que tienen los stakeholders en la gestión de la identidad de la marca, con miras a la generación de una correcta imagen y reputación corporativa. Este asunto es clave en la comunicación de cualquier empresa, debido a que en la actualidad el manejo adecuado de los intangibles es la clave del éxito empresarial y de un buen vínculo con los diferentes stakeholders
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