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Study of the components and adherence to the Mediterranean diet on functional and cognitive ageing: from dietary assessment to a metabolomic approach
No full textPrograma de Doctorat en Nutrició i Alimentació[eng] Healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been linked to reduced chronic disease risk and mortality. However, the evidence regarding the impact of healthy dietary patterns on physical and cognitive functions in older adults is still inconclusive due to limitations in traditional dietary data collection methods, which are prone to measurement errors. To overcome these challenges, the use of dietary biomarkers is proposed. Food biomarkers not only provide more objective measures but also consider factors like food compound bioavailability and the metabolic intervariability of individuals.
The hypothesis of this doctoral thesis was that high adherence to a dietary pattern rich in phytochemicals and unsaturated fatty acids, such as the Mediterranean diet, may influence the physical and cognitive health of older adults. The research aimed to explore the effects of the Mediterranean diet and its components on physical and cognitive function in individuals aged 65 and older. The findings of this thesis are documented in five scientific publications.
In the framework of the FoodBall Project, the phytochemical profile of legumes was investigated, and their composition was analyzed in a second stage. Beans had the greatest number of described compounds and the most discriminant profile, while lentils, chickpeas, and peas revealed a high number of common compounds. The intervention study with pulses, which aimed to characterize the composition of bioactive compounds in legumes and to identify biomarkers of their consumption, revealed a broad list of candidate metabolites. Some metabolites and their families were found to be specific for certain pulses, while others appeared to be more generic indicators of legume consumption. The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the response to an exercise and health education program for preventing hospital-associated disability in older patients was investigated using the MEDAS questionnaire. The study showed that patients with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet might benefit more from the intervention. The concentration of urinary total polyphenols was also used as a biomarker of polyphenol intake and as a proxy of the Mediterranean diet, and similar results were obtained. In another study within the InCHIANTI prospective cohort, it was observed that fish consumption was inversely associated with the risk of cognitive decline, a significant contributor to elderly disability. Additionally, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, assessed through an a priori Mediterranean diet metabolomic score, was associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline in older adults from the Three-City Study.
In conclusion, the research presented in this doctoral thesis provides evidence that adherence to a healthy diet rich in phytochemicals and unsaturated fatty acids, such as the Mediterranean diet, may contribute to the prevention of cognitive and functional decline in older individuals. These findings underscore the importance of refining nutritional metabolomic techniques for future research in the study of diet-health relationships in aging and the value of bioactive compounds from food groups with nutritional relevance like legumes and fish.[cat] redactada en anglès, aquest resum pot ser en un altre idioma.
L'evidència relativa a l'impacte de patrons dietètics saludables en les funcions físiques i cognitives en adults grans encara no és concloent a causa dels errors de mesures dels mètodes tradicionals de recollida de dades dietètiques. Els biomarcadors del consum d'aliments no sols proporcionen mesures més objectives, sinó que també consideren factors com la biodisponibilitat dels compostos alimentaris i la intervariabilitat metabòlica dels individus.
La hipòtesi d'aquesta tesi doctoral és que l'alta adherència a un patró dietètic ric en fitoquímics i àcids grassos insaturats, com la dieta mediterrània, pot influir en la salut física i cognitiva dels adults majors. La investigació va tenir com a objectiu explorar els efectes de la dieta mediterrània i els seus components sobre la funció física i cognitiva en individus majors de 65 anys.
En el marc del Projecte FoodBall, es va investigar el perfil fitoquímic dels llegums. Les mongetes presentaven el major nombre de compostos descrits i el perfil més discriminant, mentre que les llenties, els cigrons i els pèsols van revelar un gran nombre de compostos comuns. L'estudi d'intervenció amb llegums, que pretenia caracteritzar la composició de compostos bioactius en llegums i identificar biomarcadors del seu consum, va revelar una àmplia llista de metabòlits candidats, tant de genèrics com d’específics de certs llegums. En un tercer estudi, es va demostrar que els pacients majors amb baixa adherència a la dieta mediterrània, avaluada a través del qüestionari MEDAS, podrien beneficiar-se més d’un programa d’exercici i educació en salut per prevenir la discapacitat associada a l'hospital. Es van obtenir resultats semblants usant la concentració de polifenols totals urinaris. En un altre estudi dins de la cohort prospectiva InCHIANTI, es va observar que el consum de peix estava inversament associat amb el risc de declivi cognitiu. A més, una major adherència a la dieta mediterrània, avaluada a través d’una puntuació metabolòmica a priori de dieta mediterrània, es va associar amb un menor risc de deteriorament cognitiu en adults majors de l'Estudi de les Tres Ciutats.
En conclusió, la investigació presentada en aquesta tesi doctoral proporciona evidència que l’adherència a una dieta saludable rica en fitoquímics i àcids grassos insaturats, com la dieta mediterrània, pot contribuir a la prevenció del declivi cognitiu i funcional en les persones majors. Aquestes troballes subratllen la importància de refinar les tècniques nutricionals metabolòmiques per a la investigació futura
Study of the components and adherence to the Mediterranean diet on functional and cognitive ageing: from dietary assessment to a metabolomic approach
Get PDF[eng] Healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been linked to reduced chronic disease risk and mortality. However, the evidence regarding the impact of healthy dietary patterns on physical and cognitive functions in older adults is still inconclusive due to limitations in traditional dietary data collection methods, which are prone to measurement errors. To overcome these challenges, the use of dietary biomarkers is proposed. Food biomarkers not only provide more objective measures but also consider factors like food compound bioavailability and the metabolic intervariability of individuals.
The hypothesis of this doctoral thesis was that high adherence to a dietary pattern rich in phytochemicals and unsaturated fatty acids, such as the Mediterranean diet, may influence the physical and cognitive health of older adults. The research aimed to explore the effects of the Mediterranean diet and its components on physical and cognitive function in individuals aged 65 and older. The findings of this thesis are documented in five scientific publications.
In the framework of the FoodBall Project, the phytochemical profile of legumes was investigated, and their composition was analyzed in a second stage. Beans had the greatest number of described compounds and the most discriminant profile, while lentils, chickpeas, and peas revealed a high number of common compounds. The intervention study with pulses, which aimed to characterize the composition of bioactive compounds in legumes and to identify biomarkers of their consumption, revealed a broad list of candidate metabolites. Some metabolites and their families were found to be specific for certain pulses, while others appeared to be more generic indicators of legume consumption. The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the response to an exercise and health education program for preventing hospital-associated disability in older patients was investigated using the MEDAS questionnaire. The study showed that patients with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet might benefit more from the intervention. The concentration of urinary total polyphenols was also used as a biomarker of polyphenol intake and as a proxy of the Mediterranean diet, and similar results were obtained. In another study within the InCHIANTI prospective cohort, it was observed that fish consumption was inversely associated with the risk of cognitive decline, a significant contributor to elderly disability. Additionally, a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet, assessed through an a priori Mediterranean diet metabolomic score, was associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline in older adults from the Three-City Study.
In conclusion, the research presented in this doctoral thesis provides evidence that adherence to a healthy diet rich in phytochemicals and unsaturated fatty acids, such as the Mediterranean diet, may contribute to the prevention of cognitive and functional decline in older individuals. These findings underscore the importance of refining nutritional metabolomic techniques for future research in the study of diet-health relationships in aging and the value of bioactive compounds from food groups with nutritional relevance like legumes and fish.[cat] L'evidència relativa a l'impacte de patrons dietètics saludables en les funcions físiques i cognitives en adults grans encara no és concloent a causa dels errors de mesures dels mètodes tradicionals de recollida de dades dietètiques. Els biomarcadors del consum d'aliments no sols proporcionen mesures més objectives, sinó que també consideren factors com la biodisponibilitat dels compostos alimentaris i la intervariabilitat metabòlica dels individus.
La hipòtesi d'aquesta tesi doctoral és que l'alta adherència a un patró dietètic ric en fitoquímics i àcids grassos insaturats, com la dieta mediterrània, pot influir en la salut física i cognitiva dels adults majors. La investigació va tenir com a objectiu explorar els efectes de la dieta mediterrània i els seus components sobre la funció física i cognitiva en individus majors de 65 anys.
En el marc del Projecte FoodBall, es va investigar el perfil fitoquímic dels llegums. Les mongetes presentaven el major nombre de compostos descrits i el perfil més discriminant, mentre que les llenties, els cigrons i els pèsols van revelar un gran nombre de compostos comuns. L'estudi d'intervenció amb llegums, que pretenia caracteritzar la composició de compostos bioactius en llegums i identificar biomarcadors del seu consum, va revelar una àmplia llista de metabòlits candidats, tant de genèrics com d’específics de certs llegums. En un tercer estudi, es va demostrar que els pacients majors amb baixa adherència a la dieta mediterrània, avaluada a través del qüestionari MEDAS, podrien beneficiar-se més d’un programa d’exercici i educació en salut per prevenir la discapacitat associada a l'hospital. Es van obtenir resultats semblants usant la concentració de polifenols totals urinaris. En un altre estudi dins de la cohort prospectiva InCHIANTI, es va observar que el consum de peix estava inversament associat amb el risc de declivi cognitiu. A més, una major adherència a la dieta mediterrània, avaluada a través d’una puntuació metabolòmica a priori de dieta mediterrània, es va associar amb un menor risc de deteriorament cognitiu en adults majors de l'Estudi de les Tres Ciutats.
En conclusió, la investigació presentada en aquesta tesi doctoral proporciona evidència que l’adherència a una dieta saludable rica en fitoquímics i àcids grassos insaturats, com la dieta mediterrània, pot contribuir a la prevenció del declivi cognitiu i funcional en les persones majors. Aquestes troballes subratllen la importància de refinar les tècniques nutricionals metabolòmiques per a la investigació futura
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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