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Diabeettisten komplikaatioiden uusien fenotyyppiprofiilien etsintä, sekä ryhmien välisten geneettisten komponenttien tunnistus koneoppimismenetelmiä hyödyntäen
Get PDFPatients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) may develop a wide variety of additional slowly progressing complications, which have been shown to be partly heritable and to correlate with each other. However, the genetic and biological mechanisms behind them are still mostly unknown. The goal of this work was to use machine learning and data mining approaches that could capture the progressive nature of multiple complications simultaneously, and create novel phenotype classes that could help to solve the pathogenesis and genetics of diabetic complications.
To achieve this, a dual-layer self-organizing map (SOM) was trained using clinical and environmental patient data from the FinnDiane study, and the trained SOM node prototypes were clustered to classes using agglomerative hierarchical clustering. The genetic differences between the created classes were evaluated using heritability estimates, and the genetic markers associated with the class assignments showing significant heritability were analysed in genome-wide association study (GWAS).
The created class assignments were biologically plausible, and were estimated to be up to 42% genetically determined. The GWAS analyses detected a genetic marker (rs202095311, located in the last intron of the gene NRIP1) genome-wide significantly (p<5×10^-8) associated with one of the created class assignments. In addition, GWAS detected multiple other genetic regions with suggestive p-values that contained mostly genes and processes previously linked to diabetic complications or their risk factors.
Overall, the new approach to study the genetics of complex diseases was found to perform well in case of T1D and its complications, and could be used to study also other complex traits and diseases.Tyypin 1 diabetikoille saattaa kehittyä useita hitaasti eteneviä lisäsairauksia, jotka ovat osittain perinnöllisiä sekä keskenään korreloivia. Sekä geneettiset että biologiset mekanismit näiden taustalla ovat kuitenkin pääasiassa vielä tuntemattomia. Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli hyödyntää koneoppimis- ja tiedonlouhintamenetelmiä, joiden avulla pystyttäisiin vangitsemaan samanaikaisesti useiden diabeettisten komplikaatioden etenevä luonne, sekä muodostamaan uusia fenotyyppiluokkia diabeettisten komplikaatioiden ja niiden genetiikan tutkimuksen avuksi.
Työssä opetettiin monitasoinen itseorganisoituva kartta (SOM) käyttäen FinnDiane tutimuksessa kliinisistä muuttujista sekä ympäristötekijöistä kerättyä potilasdataa. Uusien fenotyyppiluokkien luomiseksi opetetun kartan prototyyppialkiot klusteroitiin kokoavalla hierarkkisella klusteroinnilla. Luokkien välisiä geneettisiä eroja vertailtiin heritabiliteettiestimaateilla. Lisäksi luokkajakoon assosioituvien geneettisten markkereiden vaikutusta tutkittiin perimänlaajuisessa assosiaatiotutkimuksessa (GWAS) niiden luokkien välillä, jotka saavuttivat merkitseviä estimaatteja heritabiliteeteille.
Muodostetut potilasluokat olivat biologisesti mielekkäitä ja muodostetun luokkajaon estimoitiin olevan jopa 42% geneettisesti määräytyvä. Perimänlaajuisissa assosiaatiotutkimuksissa geneettinen variantti (rs202095311 NRIP1 geenin viimeisessä intronissa) assosioitui yhteen muodostetuista luokkajaoista genominlaajuisella merkitsevyystasolla (p<5×10^-8). Lisäksi analyyseissa havaittiin viitteellisillä p-arvoilla useita muita geneettisiä alueita, joilla sijaitsee aiemmin diabeettisiin komplikaatioihin tai niiden riskitekijöihin yhdistettyjä geenejä ja prosesseja.
Yleisesti, uusi lähestymistapa kompleksisten sairauksien genetiikan tutkimukseen suoriutui sille asetetuista haasteista tyypin 1 diabeteksen ja sen komplikaatioiden tutkimuksessa ja vastaava lähestymistapa voisi olla hyödynnettävissä myös muiden kompleksisten sairauksien tutkimuksessa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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