60 research outputs found
Analysis of Winter Maintenance for National Roads with Lower Condition Levels
No full textAntud lõputöö eesmärgiks oli analüüsida madalamate seisunditasemetega riigiteede hooldust ja kirjeldada nende praeguseid probleeme. Lõputöös käsitleti üldiseid nõudeid Eesti riigiteede hoolduses ja selle teostamise viise. Kirjeldati talihoolde teostamist, kontrollimist ja järelevalvet. Anti lühike ülevaade riigiteede rahastusest ja teehoiukavast 2024-2027. Peamiseks käsitletavaks teemaks oli madalama seisunditasemetega riigiteedel esinevad probleemid ja nende võimalikud lahendused.
Madalamate seisunditasemetega riigiteede hooldus põhjustab enim probleeme eriolukordades, kus ilmastikutingimused on teeolud muutnud selliseks, et seisundinõuete tagamine nõuab seisundinõuetes kehtestatud aegadest rohkem aega. Enim põhjustab probleeme jäävihm, tihe lumesadu ja tuisk koos tugeva tuulega. Siis on põhirõhk põhiteede hooldusel ja madalamate seisunditasemetega teede hooldamiseks läheb kauem aega, selle tulemusena muutuvad madalama seisunditasemega teedel läbitavus ja ohutus. Peamisteks probleemideks madalama seisunditasemetega teedel on tiheda liiklusega kruuskatete olukord, kus soojemate ilmastikutingimustel ja lume sulamise tagajärjel muutuvad teed rööplikuks ebatasaseks. Samuti on probleeme kinnituisanud teede ja erakordselt libedate teekatetega, kui ilmastikutingimused on muutunud erakordseks.
Samas võib hetkel öelda, et riigiteede hooldus on üsna heal tasemel ja tänu kogemustele eriolukordades muutub see järjest paremaks. Hetkel ei tundu seisunditasemete tõstmine vajalik ega mõistlik, sest juba praegused ajad selliste hoolderingide juures piisavalt mahukad. Mõistlik ei ole ka seisundtasemete tõstmine rahalise poole pealt, kuna hetkel on niigi teedehoolduses raha puudu.
Lõputöö eesmärkide saavutamiseks teostas lõputöö autor katsed madalama seisunditasemega riigiteel, mis asus Pärnu hooldepiirkonnas. Katse käigus prooviti kolme erinevat hooldusviisi kruuskattega teel, kus kehtivad seisunditaseme „1“ nõuded. Katselõigul teostati soola puistamist, karestamist tappteraga ja soola-liiva segu puistamist. Katse tulemustest selgus, et kõik kolm hooldusviisi tagasid seisunditaseme nõuded ja andis häid tulemusi. Kiiremaid tulemusi andis soola-liiva segu puistamine ja karestamine tappteraga, mille mõju oli kohene peale hooldetöö teostamist.
Lõputöö autori ettepanekul tagaks madalamate seisunditasemetega riigiteede parema hoolduse, kui teostada õigeaegne ning tihedam lume- ja libedusetõrje, märgade katete ennetav puistamine pikema külmaperioodi saabudes, kruuskattetega teedel liigniisketes kohtades killustiku pealevedu, eriolukordades varuauto kasutamine lisatasu eest ja teekaamerate olemasolu ka madalamate seisunditasemetega riigiteedel. Ka hooldeautode hoolderingide ülevaatamine lepingutes parandaks madalamate seisunditasemetega riigiteede hooldust. Selleks, et saavutada paremad hooldetingimused oleks vajalik riigil eraldada rohkem rahasid riigiteede hooldusesse. Samas on autor arvamusel, et tingimuste paremaks muutmisel tuleb jääda mõistlikkuse piiri ning liigne hooldus olematu liiklussagedusega teedel ei oleks mõistlik.
Käesoleva lõputöö valmimisel ja ettepanekute tegemisel oli abiks lõputöö juhendaja ja lõputöö autori praktilised kogemused talihoolde tööde teostamisest. Autori arvates tuleks katseid teostada veel võimalike erinevate libedusetõrje viisidega ja erinevates ilmastikutingimustes, et saada paremad tulemused.The graduation thesis “Analysis of Winter Maintenance for National Roads with Lower Condition Levels" provides overview of the national roads with lower condition levels, their maintenance, related problems and possible solutions. The objective of the thesis was to answer to the questions, if the current maintenance of national roads with lower condition levels is sufficient, which would be the best maintenance methods for maintaining the national roads with lower condition levels, which are the main related problems, and which would be their solutions.
The topics covered in the thesis were winter maintenance of national roads and related requirements, performance of winter maintenance, its control and supervision. Furthermore, the topics of financing the winter maintenance and road maintenance plan 2024-2027 were covered. The main topic of the thesis concerned the problems related to the lower condition levels and their possible solutions. The author of the thesis conducted tests with the condition level “1" at a national road in Pärnu maintenance region, analysed the results and submitted proposals for maintaining national roads with lower condition levels.
Maintenance of national roads with lower condition levels causes most problems in emergency situations, where weather factors have changed road conditions, so that satisfying the condition requirements takes more time than specified in the condition requirements. The main causes of the problem are ice rain, heavy snowfall and blizzard, together with strong wind. In such cases, most attention is paid on the maintenance of major roads, and maintenance of roads with lower condition levels takes more time, in result of which the condition of national roads with lower condition levels becomes even worse, causing much problems to the traffic participants, public transport, as well as the maintenance enterprises themselves. The main problem of national roads with lower condition levels is the condition of gravel pavement with dense traffic, where warmer weather and thawing snow make the roads rutty and uneven. There are also problems with snow blockades and particularly slippery pavement in case of extreme weather conditions.
In general, the level of maintenance of national roads is rather high and becomes constantly better, thanks to the experiences in emergency situations. Therefore, raising the condition levels does not seem necessary or relevant at the moment, because the current times are already extensive enough with such maintenance rounds. Also, raising the condition levels would not be financially reasonable at the moment, as road maintenance is short of financial resources. Attention should rather be paid to better maintenance of lower condition levels and finding optimal methods for their maintenance, in order to ensure sufficiently good driving conditions and traffic safety.
Results of the tests conducted by the author of the thesis showed that all three tested maintenance methods are suitable for maintaining national roads with lower condition levels. The tested maintenance methods were spreading of salt (NaCl), mechanical roughening with tenon, and spreading of a mixture of salt and sand. The fastest results were obtained with spreading of a mixture of salt and sand and mechanical roughening with tenon, in result of which the grip coefficient of the pavement changed immediately. In the opinion of the author, in case of extremely slippery pavements, intensive spreading of a mixture of salt and sand should be used, which ensures promptly better grip on the pavement, together with safe driving conditions.
The author of the thesis also submitted proposals for maintaining national roads with lower condition levels. In the opinion of the author, timely and more frequent snow control and de- icing should be performed on lower condition levels, along with preventive spreading on wet paving upon arrival of longer frost period, while on the roads with gravel pavement, crushed stone should be spread in overly wet places before the arrival of winter period, in order to avoid their poor condition due to winter conditions and traffic. For emergency situations, the possibility to use the reserve vehicle should be available for extra fee, and maintenance rounds specified in maintenance contracts should be revised, in order to ensure fast maintenance of lower condition levels even in emergency situations. Also availability of road cameras at some national roads with lower condition levels would enable the maintenance providers to get better overview of the situation of the roads with lower condition levels.
Practical experience of the instructor and the author of the graduation thesis in winter maintenance in Pärnu maintenance region provided much help for completing the thesis and submitting the proposals. In the opinion of the author, tests should be continued in varying weather conditions, in order to find the best maintenance methods for lower condition levels
Improving the Automated Plastic Molding Press Feed
No full textKäesoleva lõputöö käigus jõudis autor oma eesmärki hinnanguliselt täita 95% ulatuses. Autor hindas
lõputööd alustades plastivalu pressi automatiseeritud etteande osa 3D mudeldamist mahu poolest
väiksemaks, kui see reaalsuses oli. Sammuti ei osanud autor ette näha osade toodete ja detailide väga
pikka tarneaega. Seetõttu autor ei jõudnud lõplikult lõputööle püstitatud eesmärgini. Küll aga tegi autor
suure töö 3D mudeli detailse mudeldamisega, 3D mudelisse soovitud muudatuste lisamisega ning
erinevate uute vajalike detailide disainimisega. Lisaks sai autor tehtud liini koostamiseks vajalike
detailide joonised ja tellimused roostevaba terase ja alumiinium materjalist detailidele ja paljudele
ostutoodetele.
Plastivalu pressi automatiseeritud etteande osale viis autor sisse kuus mehaanilist muudatust. Lisaks
täiendas dokumentatsiooni luues korrektse 3D mudeli. Muudatused ei olnud suured, kuid kuna ka väike
muudatus võib mõjutada teisi liini osasid, siis tuli töö teostajal iga muutus hoolikalt läbi mõelda. Eesmärk
oli teha liin paremaks ja ohutumaks.
Autor alustas ka plastivalu pressi automatiseeritud etteande osa füüsilise koostamisega töökojas. Liini
etteande osa ei jõutud lõpuni valmis, kuna mõningad detailid ei olnud veel kohale tarnitud lõputöö
esitamise hetkeks. Sammuti sai autor valmis elektrikilbi sisu ning paigaldas selle plastivalu pressi
automatiseeritud etteande raamistiku külge.
Autor jätkab lõputöös alustatud liini ehitusega ka peale lõputöö esitamist ja viib liini ehituse lõpuni.The following thesis „Improving the Automated Plastic Molding Press Feed" aim is to build automated
molding press feed line for the plastic molding press in the NRC department of AS Norma. The new
press feed line is better than the previous versions and has eliminated the shortcomings of existing
automated plastic molding press feed line. The topic is important because the production volumes have
increased and are known to increase even more in the near future, so the company needs a new advanced
plastic molding press automated feed line to function better.
In order to fulfill the goal, it is necessary to find the best technical solutions to eliminate the shortcomings
of the existing lines. Find such solutions that could be implemented on already existing lines without
making very large reconstructions. In addition, it is necessary to increase the safety of the line operator
and supplement the documentation.
In this thesis the author created a detailed 3D model of the line in Solidworks 2022 software, made the
necessary changes into the 3D model, created drawings for custom details for CNC, laser cutting and
bending. Finally, did the physical assembly of the line in the workshop, where the changes made are
implemented and tested.
During the thesis, the author was able to fulfill his goal to an estimated extent of 95%. When starting the
thesis, the author estimated the 3D modeling of the automated plastic molding press feed line to be
smaller in terms of volume than it was. Also, the author could not foresee the very long delivery time of
some products and details. Therefore, the author did not reach the goal set for the thesis. However, the
author did a great job with the detailed 3D model, adding the changes to the model and designing various
new necessary details. In addition, the author created drawings and placed orders for stainless steel and
aluminum material parts and purchased many products.
The author also started the physical assembly of the automated molding press feed line in the workshop.
The work was not completed, as some details had not yet been delivered at the time of submitting the
thesis. The author completed the electrical panel and installed it on the framework of the automated
molding press feed line
Integrating a Thermal Dynamics Plasma Cutter to a KUKA Robot
No full textSelles lõputöös uuriti, kas plasmalõikust on varem integreeritud robotkäele ja kui edukas see
on olnud. Leiti, et seda on tehtud paljudel kordadel väga edukalt. Samuti uuriti, kas ja kuidas
mujal maailmas on käsitletud analoogseid lahendusi ning on esile tõstetud Arc Specialities,
Prodevco, Beamcut systems, Voortman, Microstep, Harsle ja Knoppo poolt välja töötatud
lahendused.
Eelised käsitsi plasmalõikuse või saega lõikamise ees on suurem kiirus, ohutus, täpsus ja
kasumlikkus. Suurem kiirus tuleneb sellest, et plasmalõikus on tõhusam kui praegu kasutusel
olev saagimisel põhinev tööprotsess. Kõrgema ohutuseni jõuti sellega, et inimene võetakse
ohtlikust tööalast ära. Suurem täpsus saavutatakse roboti parema võimega korrata sama lõiget
mitu korda. Suurenenud kasumlikkus saadakse sellest, et robot ei vaja pause ega vaja tihedat
hooldust.
Töö teises osas pakutakse välja üks lahendus, kuidas saab autori valitud Thermal Dynamics
plasmalõikurit ja KUKA-robotit ühendada. Töö koostaja toob välja ja selgitab ka põhjuseid,
miks just kindla roboti ja laserlõikuri valikud tehti ning mis on nende tugevad küljed. Autor
näitab ja seletab lahti ka sammud, mis on vajalikud, et antud lahendus toimiks ja oleks hästi
integreeritud. Samuti tagab see ka lõikuri ja roboti vahelise korrektse suhtluse toimimise.
Lõpetuseks lisas autor töö lõppu koodinäite, mis kontrollib antud KUKA robotit ja Thermal
Dynamics plasmalõikurit.This thesis investigated whether plasma cutting has been previously integrated onto a robotic
arm and how successful it has been. It was found to have been done many times with great
success. It was also investigated whether and how similar solutions have been handled
elsewhere in the world, and the solutions developed by Arc Specialties, Prodevco, Beamcut
systems, Voortman, Microstep, Harsle and Knoppo have been highlighted.
The advantages over manual plasma cutting or saw cutting are greater speed, safety, accuracy
and profitability. The higher speed is because plasma cutting is more efficient than the
sawing-based work process currently in use. Higher safety was achieved by removing the
person from the dangerous work area. Better accuracy is achieved by the robot's better ability
to repeat the same cut multiple times. Greater profitability is obtained from the fact that the
robot does not need breaks and does not require frequent maintenance.
In the second part of the paper, the author proposes a solution for connecting the Thermal
Dynamics plasma cutter chosen by the author and the KUKA robot. The author also offers
and explains the reasons why this certain robot and laser cutter were chosen and what their
strengths are. The author also shows and explains the steps that are necessary for this solution
to work and be well integrated. It also ensures correct communication between the cutter and
the robot.
Finally, the author added a code example at the end of the paper, which controls the given
KUKA robot and Thermal Dynamics plasma cutte
Turbine engine generator
No full textKäesoleva lõputöö Turbiinmootor-generaator peamiseks eesmärgiks oli välja uurida parim
kombinatsioon turbiinmootori ja generaatori vahel, välja mõelda juhtpaneel turbiinmootori
kontrollimiseks ning analüüsida turbiinmootor-generaatori otstarvekust majanduslikult.
Esimeses peatükis tutvus autor turbiinmootoriga, selle ehitusega ja põhimõttega. Tegi hooldustöid
vajalikele väli komponentidele ja aitas turbiinmootorit kapitaalremontida.
Teises peatükis autor uuris parimat olemasolevat generaatorit, mis pakuks ilma suurema ehituseta
võimalust ühendada generaator turbiinmootori külge, arvestades peamiseks teemaks võimalikult
suurt tootmisvõimsust ning analüüsis kahe parima variandi parameetreid.
Kolmandas peatükis autor tutvus programmeerimis keelega ja Arduinoga ning kirjutas koodi, et
juhtpaneeli kaudu saaks teada informatsiooni mootori kohta ja et mootorile saaks anda käskluseid
stardiks või seismajäämiseks.
Neljandas peatükis autor tegi majandusliku analüüsi, kui toota turbiinmootor-generaatoriga tund aega
elektrit, küll jäeti välja hooldusele kuluv summa, sest rikkeid ei näe ette ja tulemustest tuli välja, et
kui panna tööle esimene kooslus (Cascadia), siis on kWh hinnaks 1,04 eurot. 2. koosluse puhul kWh
hind tõusis 2,51 eurole, sest generaator toodab vähem elektrienergiat. Võrreldes Nordpool
märtsikuise keskmise hinnaga on antud generaatorite kooslused 7 korda või 17 korda kallim kui
elektrivõrgust ostetav elektrienergia.
Lõputöö käigus selgus, et praeguste elektribörsi hindadega ei tasuks turbiinmootor-generaatori
rakendamine igapäevaselt, sest kütuse hind on kallis, küll saaks kasutada vedelgaasi või mõnda muud
kütuseallikat, ent see eeldaks kütusesüsteemi ümberehitust ja tooks kaasa lisakulusid.
Kuna antud kombinatsioon on kaalult kerge ning võimalik kerghaagisena järel vedada, siis mobiilse
tootmisjaamana hädaolukorras on antud kombinatsioon võrreldes sarnaste diiselgeneraatoritega
parim lahendus.The main goal of this thesis Turbine Engine Generator was to find out the best combination between
the turbine engine and the generator, to design a control panel for controlling the turbine engine and
to analyze the purpose of the turbine engine generator economically.
In the first chapter, the author got acquainted with the turbine engine, its construction and principle.
Performed maintenance work on the necessary field components and helped overhaul the turbine
engine.
In the second chapter, the author studied the best available generators, which would offer the
possibility to connect the generator to a turbine engine without major construction, considering the
largest possible production capacity, and analyzed the parameters of the two best options.
In the third chapter, the author became acquainted with the programming language and Arduino, and
wrote code to find out information about the engine through the control panel and to give the engine
commands to start or stop.
In the fourth chapter, the author made an economic analysis of producing electricity with an turbine
engine generator for an hour, although the amount spent on maintenance was omitted because no
failures are foreseen and the results show that if the first assembly (Cascadia) is put into operation,
the price per kWh is 1.04 euros. In the case of the 2nd combination, the price per kWh increased to
2.51 euros because the generator produces less electricity. Compared to Nordpool's average price in
March, these generator sets are 7 times or 17 times more expensive than electricity purchased from
the electricity grid.
During the dissertation it turned out that with the current power exchange prices, it would not be
worthwhile to install a turbine engine generator on a daily basis, because the price of fuel is expensive,
liquefied petroleum gas or another fuel source could be used, but it would require fuel system
reconstruction and additional costs.
As this combination is light in weight and can be towed as a light trailer, this combination is the best
solution compared to similar diesel generators as a mobile production plant in an emergency
How Kristo Democratized Langit
No full textThis paper is a philosophical exploration on the native appropriation of the Christian rationality for the creation of a discourse of genuine liberation. This appropriation stimulated the native creation of the discourse of Kaharian ng Langit which shaped the millenarian revolts; the Revolution of 1896; and even subsequent reform and liberation movements in the Philippines. Through a hermeneutical reflection on the babaylan cosmology and the transformation of the concept of the ideal society during the Spanish colonization; the author will show how the indigenous rationality created a new vision of a good society from the imposed colonizing rationality which it appropriated to their own babaylan cosmology. The study will begin by articulating the native concept of a balanced cosmos where humans and spirits of nature are engaged in systems of mutual flourishing. It will then show how the imposition of the Pasyon cosmology enriched the babaylan cosmos by breaking heaven open for the ducha to consider such as a realm of power into which the ducha could tap into for empowerment. The paper will argue that this democratization of Langit; which made it accessible to the ducha; allowed them to imagine a better world that would liberate them from the bayang sawi created by the Spanish and this image allowed for the millenarian revolts and Katipunan revolution and continues to influence liberation movements in this nation
Analysis of the Condition of Streets in a Local Municipality
No full textKäesoleva lõputöö eesmärk oli analüüsida Kambja valla teede ja tänavate hetkelist seisukorda, tuvastada olemasolevaid defekte, välja selgitada nende võimalikud tekkepõhjused ning pakkuda välja meetmed nende vältimiseks ja parandamiseks. Autor uuris hoolikalt Kambja valla kohalikku teedevõrgustikku, võttes vaatluse alla erinevad teed ja tänavad. Töö sisaldas üksikasjalikku analüüsi teede seisukorra hindamismeetoditest, kehtivatest nõuetest ning esinevatest defektidest.
Autor kogus teavet mitmel viisil, sealhulgas isikliku välitöö käigus, kus ta sõitis läbi kohaliku omavalitsuse teed ja tänavad ning jäädvustas ja tegi kindlaks esinevad defektid. Lisaks sellele kogus autor täiendavat teavet ka internetist ja andis autoripoolseid hinnanguid defektide tekkepõhjuste kui ka võimalike lahenduste kohta.
Kokkuvõtvalt võis autor järeldada, et Kambja valla teede ja tänavate seisukord on mitmeti rahuldav, kuid esineb ka mitmeid murettekitavaid aspekte, eriti Ülenurme ja Tõrvandi piirkonnas. Kuigi riigiteed ja põhitänavad on enamasti heas või väga heas seisukorras, esineb jaotus- ja
kõrvaltänavatel rohkem probleeme nagu katte lagunemine, suured löökaugud, mitmed
võrkpragunemised ning vajumid kui ka kerked.
Autor soovitas mitmeid meetmeid, et parandada teede ja tänavate seisukorda, sealhulgas hooldus ja remondimahu suurendamist, regulaarset seisukorra hindamist ja analüüsimist ning õigeaegset renoveerimist. Samuti tõi ta välja liikluskoormuse ümberjuhtimise võimalused ning soovitas uute teede projekteerimisel arvestada liikluskoormust ja kasutatavate materjalide omadusi.
Lõputöö autor tutvustas erinevaid remondimeetodeid koos nende eeldatavate kuludega ning
rõhutas, et lõpliku valiku langetamisel on ennetatavalt tarvis teostada põhjalik seisukorraanalüüs ja andmete kogumine. Uurimistöö tulemused on olulised nii kohalikule omavalitsusele kui ka
teedeehitusvaldkonna spetsialistidele, kes tegelevad teede ja tänavate hoolduse ja remondigaThe aim of this thesis was to analyse the current condition of roads and streets in the
Kambja rural municipality, identify existing defects and their possible causes and propose
measures to prevent and correct them. The author of the thesis carefully researched the
local road network of the Kambja rural municipality, looking at different roads and streets.
The research included a detailed analysis of the methods of assessing the condition of the
roads, the current requirements and existing defects.
The author of the thesis has collected information in several ways, including personal
fieldwork, having driven through the roads and streets of the Kambja rural municipality
and recorded and identified road defects. In addition, the author has collected additional
information from the Internet and provided assessments of the causes of defects as well
as their possible solutions.
In summary, the author has been able to conclude that the condition of roads and streets
in the Kambja rural municipality is satisfactory in many ways, but there are also several
worrying signs, especially in the Ülenurme and Tõrvandi areas. While national roads and
basic streets are mostly in good or very good condition, there are more problems in the
distributing and side streets, which include the breakdown of the pavement, large potholes, several web cracks as well as sinks and elevations.
The author has suggested a number of measures to improve the condition of roads and
streets, including increasing maintenance and repair capacity, regular assessment and
analysis, and timely renovation. The author has also pointed out the possibilities of
redirecting traffic loads and recommended taking into account the traffic load and the
characteristics of the materials used when designing new roads.
The author of the thesis has also presented different repair methods with their expected
costs and emphasized that when making the final choice, a thorough condition analysis
and data collection are vitally important aspects. The results of the thesis are important
for both the local government and road construction specialists, who are engaged in the
maintenance and repair of roads and streets
3D Printer Product Development
No full textAntud lõputöös said kõik eesmärkid täidetud, valmis oli 3D-printeri projekteeritud mudel, kuid seda saab ka kliendi äranägemise järgi muuta, selles töös tehti tugevusarvutus ja samuti olid olemas korrektsed tehnilised joonised, seega on selle projekteeritud mudeli abil võimalik juba alustada kliendi soovitud 3D-printeri tootmist. Printeri projekteerimine ei olnud lihtne, seal oli palju nüansse, mida autor ei teadnud ja ei osanud arvata, mis teda üldiselt ootab, sest autor ei ole kunagi olnud huvitatud 3D-printerite tehnoloogiast ja sortidest ning veel enam sellest, milliseid materjale kasutatakse ja kuidas neid valmistatakse.
Antud lõputöö aitas avada silmad uutele asjadele ja tutvuda erinevate asjadega, millega autor ei olnud kokku puutunud, kuid lõputöö raames tuli palju õppida, et otsida infot, samuti oli raskusi projekteerimisel, kuna nende programmidega töötamise kogemus oli väike ja autori jaoks töö oli täiesti uues programmeerimiskeskkonnas. Mudeli projekteerimine oli väga raske ja nõudis palju teadmisi erinevates tehnoloogiakeskkondades, tervikpildi saamiseks oli vaja rohkem õppida ja otsida infot, et saada täisväärtuslik töö, millest nad saavad teha vastava printeri.
Lõppkokkuvõttes võib öelda, et töö oli põnev, nõudis teadmisi ja arusaamist sellest, mida teed ning pead valdama hästi valdkonnaga seotud teadmisi ja veelgi enam, töö on toonud palju kasulikke teadmisi, mis võivad olla kasulikud igapäevaelus kui ka töökeskkonnas.In this thesis all the objectives were fulfilled, the designed model of the 3D printer was ready, but it can also be modified according to the customer's needs, in this work the strength calculation was done and also the correct technical drawings were available, so with this designed model it is already possible to start the production of the 3D printer desired by the customer. Designing the printer was not easy, there were many nuances that the author did not know and did not know what to expect in general, as the author has never been interested in the technology and varieties of 3D printers, and even less in what materials are used and how they are made.
This thesis helped to open the eyes to new things and to get acquainted with different things that the author had not been exposed to, but the thesis involved a lot of learning to search for information, as well as some difficulties in designing, as the author had little experience of working with these programs and was working in a completely new programming environment. Designing the model was very difficult and required a lot of knowledge in different technology environments, to get the complete picture they had to learn more and search for information to get a complete work from which they can make the corresponding printer.
All in all, the work was fascinating, demanded knowledge and understanding of what you are doing and you need to have a good command of the knowledge related to the field, and what is more, the work has brought a lot of useful knowledge that can be useful in everyday life as well as in the working environment
“The Wayfarer’s Sojourn At The Banquet: The Hermeneutics Of Nāṣir-e Khusraw’s Esoteric Guidance” (With A Parallel English Translation and New Persian Critical Edition of Nāṣir-e Khusraw’s Khwān Al-Ikhwān)
No full textThe book of Khwān al-Ikhwān consists of 100 chapters. The focus of the book is on divine knowledge whose main source lies within the scripture as the Book of God. The author’s pedagogical approach underlines the methods and sources of acquiring this knowledge. Nāṣir-e Khusraw methodically utilises the hermeneutics of the Ismaili esoteric interpretation (taʾwīl) as his main interpretative apparatus. Having been appointed as one of the top official representatives (sing. ḥujjat) of the Ismaili Imam of the Time, who is recognised as the Speaking Qurʾān – i.e., ‘being himself the scripture made incarnate in speech’ as Nāṣir-e Khusraw expresses in his prelims to the book – the author is justified in having access to the main source of divine knowledge and in his practice of the Ismaili taʾwīl. The one-hundred chapters of the book address the following 10 main themes that – while synthesizing the architecture of the Ismaili esoteric interpretation (taʾwīl) – they follow the order of Revelation (tanzīl) and esoteric interpretation (taʾwīl): 1. Origination 2. Ontology 3. Cosmogony 4. Cosmology 5. Divinity 6. Epistemology 7. Humanity 8. Revelation 9. Eschatology 10. Resurrection. In expounding and elaborating this esoteric interpretive framework, which Nāṣir-e Khusraw calls the ladder of taʾwīl, the author defines the Origination and Resurrection as the source and return of divine knowledge whose conscious realisation enables human beings attain their true spiritual and intellectual divine state, to which he refers as mankind’s second birth. This second birth accentuates the eschatological significance of Resurrection as the purpose of taʾwīl in acquiring divine knowledge
Ascertaining the Manipulations of Diesel Particulate Filter
No full textLõputöö "Diiselmootori kübemefiltri manipulatsioonide tuvastamine" kirjutati eesmärgiga tuvastada parim olemasolev meetod kübemefiltriga manipuleerimiste tuvastamiseks. Tööga leiti, et peenosakeste loendamine on kõige lihtsam ja kiirem viis kontrollida autol kübemefiltri olemasolu. Katsete käigus avastati, et autod, millel kübemefilter puudus, paiskasid õhku märkimisväärselt rohkem peenosakesi kui töökorras filtriga autod. Märgati ka, et Euro 6 määruses paika pandud regulatsioonidele vastavad Mercedes-Benz autod heidavad õhku neli kuni kümme korda rohkem peenosakesi kui teised samadele regulatsioonidele vastavad sõidukid. Kuna kasutati aga võrdlemisi väikest valimit, peaks kindla põhjuse välja selgitamiseks tegema täiendavaid katseid. Samuti tuleks läbi viia täiendavad katsed, et kindlaks teha peenosakeste loendamise meetodi tõhusus, mille järgselt võiks meetodi tehnoülevaatuspunktides kasutusele võtta.The following thesis Ascertaining the Manipulations of Diesel Particulate Filter was written with the aim of determining the best method for recognising when a diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been tampered with. It was determined that the fastest and easiest way to make sure whether the car was still equipped with a DPF was the counting of the emission particles. The author found that cars which did not have a DPF emitted a considerably larger amount of particles than the ones with a DPF present. An anomaly was discovered in the form of Mercedes-Benz vehicles, which meet the regulations put in place with the Euro 6 decree, that were discovered to emit four to ten times more emission particles than other tested cars, which also fulfil the Euro 6 regulations. Due to the small number of test subjects, the author recognises that further research would be needed to determine the cause. The author is also of the opinion that further studies should be conducted to determine the usefulness and usability of the method of counting the emission particles
Two World Visions: Emanating Circles or Spiral Evolution?
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the link in this recor
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