1,417 research outputs found
Measuring Auditory Thresholds in Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus Vulpecula)
No full textA total of 9 brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were trained to perform a two-manipulanda, conditional discrimination task. The possums learned to press a right lever in the presence of a tone (80 dB(A)) during tone-on trials, and a left lever in the absence of the tone on tone-off trials. Overall sessions of 11 conditions contained tone frequency between 100 Hz and 35 kHz were tested. Each condition contained training and then probe sessions. In training sessions, the possums were presented with tone-on and tone-off trials, pseudo-randomly. Once the possums responded with over 90% accuracy for five consecutive sessions, then probe sessions were introduced. Probe sessions were similar to the training sessions, except that the tone intensity for tone-on trials was reduced by 8 dB(A) across blocks of 20 trials until their response accuracy in a block fall below 60% or reached 24 dB(A). Data were analysed using overall percentages correct and log d analysis. Both measures indicated that overall response accuracy decreased for all possum as tone intensity reduced. Based on these data analyses, threshold values were calculated using the criterions at 75% correct and a log d of 0.48. The threshold values for each possum and across all possums were plotted as a function of the tone frequency to produce an audiogram. A curvilinear regression was fitted for each threshold values. The functions of both measures were very similar. Both audiograms showed that the possums could hear the tones between 100 Hz and 35 kHz, and were most sensitive to tones between 15 and 20 kHz. This experiment involved many difficulties with producing and measuring tones especially outside of human hearing range. Due to these difficulties, several problems and concerns were raised during the experiment, these were discussed in this study and also recommendations for future research were then presented
Erasure Insertion in RS-Coded SFH MFSK Subjected to Tone Jamming and Rayleigh Fading
No full textThe achievable performance of Reed Solomon (RS) coded slow frequency hopping (SFH) assisted M-ary frequency shift keying (MFSK) using various erasure insertion (EI) schemes is investigated, when communicating over uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of multitone jamming. Three different EI schemes are considered, which are based on the output threshold test (OTT), on the ratio threshold test (RTT) and on the joint maximum output-ratio threshold test (MO-RTT). The relevant statistics of these EI schemes are investigated mathematically and based on these statistics, their performance is evaluated in the context of error-and-erasure RS decoding. It is demonstrated that the system performance can be significantly improved by using error-and-erasure decoding invoking the EI schemes considered
Erasure Insertion in Reed-Solomon Coded SFH M-ary FSK with Partial-Band Interference and Rayleigh Fading for Non-Coherent Cooperative Communications
No full textThe rationale of our design is that although much of the literature of cooperative systems assumes perfect coherent detection, the assumption of having any channel estimates at the relays imposes an unreasonable burden on the relay station. Hence, non-coherently detected Reed-Solomon (ReS) coded Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) assisted Mary Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is proposed for cooperative wireless networks, subjected to both partial-band interference and Rayleigh fading. Erasure insertion (EI) assisted ReS decoding based on the joint maximum output-ratio threshold test (MO-RTT) is investigated in order to evaluate the attainable system performance. Compared to the conventional error-correction-only decoder, the EI scheme may achieve a gain of approximately 3 dB at the Eb/N0 of 10?4, when employing the ReS(31, 20) code combined with 32-FSK modulation. Additionally, we evaluated the system’s performance, when either equal gain combining (EGC) or selection combining (SC) techniques are employed at the destination’s receiver. The results demonstrated that in the presence of one and two assisting relays, the EGC scheme achieves gains of 1.5 dB and 1.0 dB at the Eb/N0 of 10?6, respectively, compared to the SC arrangement
Arban Expansion Pack Bass Trombone/Eb Tuba Edition: Classical Exercises for Today's Musicians
No full textFirst published circa 1859 Jean-Baptiste Arban’s Grande méthode complète pour cornet à pistons et de saxhorn is an integral part of the practice routines of brass players around the globe. The First Studies, which stress an even tone and attack in the middle register are among the most frequently assigned exercises in our studies. This book expands on Arban’s work by presenting these exercises in tonal patterns that we frequently encounter in music of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. This is the edition for Bass Trombone and Eb Tuba
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION
No full textConception or design of the study: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS, Martins, AKL, Gomes EB. Data collection: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Writing of the article or critical review: Silva AC, Gomes EB. Final approval of the version to be published: Silva AC, Martins, AKL, Oliveira CJ, Alencar AMPG, Gomes EB
Supporting safe motherhood : a review of financial trends : summary
No full textAn estimated 500,000 women, 99 percent of them from the developing world, die each year from pregnancy-related causes. About three quarters of these deaths are the direct result of obstetrical complications -- hemorrhage, infection, toxemia, obstructed labor, and abortion (under primitive and illegal conditions). An estimated equivalent number of infants do not survive their mother's death. For surviving mothers, the consequences of pregnancy have a severe impact on health and family economics. The strategy for safe motherhood is based on two approaches. First, the encouragement of activities that indirectly improve maternal health. These include education, policies to improve women's rights and working conditions, health care and nutrition, transportation and communication systems, water and sanitation facilities, and increases in family income and food production. The second approach targets activities to reduce maternal deaths. These activities include reducing unwanted pregnancies through the provision of family planning services, and through national policies that recognize the importance of this issue. A second objective is to reduce the risks of pregnancy through providing community-based family planning and prenatal services to identify high-risk cases'adequate referral services for the complications of pregnancy, and communication and transport systems to support patient referral procedures.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Systems Development&Reform,Gender and Health,Early Child and Children's Health,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION
No full textConception or design of the study: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS, Martins, AKL, Gomes EB. Data collection: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Writing of the article or critical review: Silva AC, Gomes EB. Final approval of the version to be published: Silva AC, Martins, AKL, Oliveira CJ, Alencar AMPG, Gomes EB
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION
No full textConception or design of the study: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS, Martins, AKL, Gomes EB. Data collection: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Silva AC, Silva LG, Souza ARS. Writing of the article or critical review: Silva AC, Gomes EB. Final approval of the version to be published: Silva AC, Martins, AKL, Oliveira CJ, Alencar AMPG, Gomes EB
EB-KG: Knowledge Graph of the first 8 eiditions Encyclopaedia Brittanica (1768-1860)
No full textThis Knowlege Graph represents the information of the first eight editions of Encyclopaedia Brittanica (years: 1768 to 1860) in RDF (ttl format).
The raw dataset is provided by the NLS in this link , and it comprises of eight editions and a total of 195 volumes with a total size of 44GB. It uses two XMLs schemas: METS for descriptive, structural, technical and administrative metadata (Title, Author, Publisher, etc); and ALTO for encoding the OCR text of a page.
In this work, we have extracted the information from METS and ALTO XMLS using defoe tool and developed novel information extraction heuristics. With the extracted information, we created the EB-KG Knowlege Graph, which uses the EB Ontolgy, to represent such information. Furthermore, during the information extraction phase, we have employed several techniques to mitigate two common OCR errors: long-S and the line-break hyphenation.
The EB-KG contains 1,638,239 RDF triples. It has information from 8 editions. Each edition can have several Volumes, references to Books, Supplements; it also has an Editor and a Publisher, which can be a Person or an Organization. A Volume has several Pages, which can contain several Terms. And a Term can be either a Topic (a term described across several pages, often combining text, pictures, and tables.) or an Article (a description of the term in one- or two-paragraph long text (similar to an entry in a dictionary)). The data model of the EB-KG can be found here.
The original ALTO files do not indicate the start and end of each EB term, the first part of our work involved the
automated extraction of all terms (along with their metadata) across editions, so they can be analysed independently without the surrounding text.This work was performed during my 2021-2022 National Library of Scotland Digital Scholarship Fellowship
Reduksi Peak Average to Power Ratio (PAPR) menggunakan Tone Reservation pada sistem Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
No full textOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) merupakan teknik modulasi multicarrier yang belakangan ini telah diadaptasi secara luas untuk sistem komunikasi data kecepatan tinggi ( high data rate ). OFDM dipilih dalam sistem-sistem tersebut karena mampu mengatasi frequency selective fading dan Inter Symbol Interference (ICI).
Namun demikian kekurangan dari sistem komunikasi OFDM sebagai sistem multicarrier multiplexing (MCM) adalah tingginya nilai Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). PAPR yang besar akan meningkatkan kompleksitas sistem serta mengurangi efisiensi High Power Amplifier (HPA). Salah satu teknik mereduksi PAPR adalah menggunakan metode Tone Reservation (TR). Tone Reservation adalah metoda reduksi yang efisien karena dapat diimplementasikan dengan kompleksitas yang rendah Tone Reservation yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini menggunakan algoritma gradien yang diperkenalkan oleh Tellado.Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan program Matlab 7.5.0 (R2007b). Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performansi sistem OFDM dengan teknik Tone Reservation dalam mereduksi PAPR bila dibandingkan dengan sistem OFDM tanpa teknik Tone Reservation. Performansi yang dibahas meliputi parameter BER terhadap Eb/No dan kemampuan reduksi PAPR yang muncul melalui grafik CCDF.
Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan bahwa sistem OFDM dengan teknik Tone Reservation lebih baik daripada sistem OFDM tanpa teknik Tone Reservation. Pada ukuran titik IFFT 512 teknik Tone Reservation dapat mereduksi PAPR 3.03dB untuk reserved carrier 2%, 4.23dB untuk reserved carier 5% dan sekitar 5.18 dB dengan reserved carrier 10%. Pada ukuran titik IFFT 256 teknik Tone Reservation dapat mereduksi PAPR 1.75dB untuk reserved carrier 2%, 2.3dB untuk reserved carrier 5% dan 3.27 dB dengan reserved carrier sebesar 10%. Sedangkan untuk kinerja BER pada IBO 6dB dan 8dB terdapat perbaikan kinerja BER tetapi pada IBO 10dB tidak terdapat perbaikan kinerja BER yang signifika
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