1,720,967 research outputs found
Genetically Modified Organisms
No full textThis book showcases the most recent advancements in genomics and biotechnology and the ongoing challenges and prospects in creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Readers will be acquainted with cutting-edge progress and patterns in gene and genome editing technologies and their diverse applications in medicine, biotechnology, and industry across various organisms. Furthermore, the text delves into the safety considerations and potential uses of GMOs and the regulatory frameworks in different countries. It also presents case studies illustrating how GMOs have catalyzed advancements in medicine, agriculture, and industry. This book consolidates recent discoveries and addresses the informational needs of students and researchers in the field
Genome-wide identification of barley MCs (metacaspases) and their possible roles in boron-induced programmed cell death
No full textDevelopmental processes and stress-induction activate many key proteins in plants such as metacaspase which regulate programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, identification of barley metacaspases and their possible roles upon boron (B)-induction was investigated by using in silico and wet-lab methods. Genome-wide analysis revealed that barley genome harbor ten metacaspases which divided into three groups: Type-I, -I* and -II. Segmental and tandem duplication contributed their expansion. Metacaspase-specific catalytic residues (His and Cys) were found to be altered in HvMC1, 2, and 4, in which His exchanged to Meth or Ala, critical for their activity and substrate selectivity. Cis-acting elements were found to be associated with three main processes: stress response, growth/development, and light response. Digital expression analysis from eight tissues revealed tissue specific metacaspase expressions. In addition, RT-qPCR analysis conducted in appropriate (50 A mu M) and excess-B (1 and-3 mM) conditions in different time points (3 and 10 days). Toxic level of B caused growth inhibition and chlorosis which appeared at the leaf tips. Also, PCD initiation was detected after 3 days of excess-B exposure. Digital expression and qPCR analysis agreed with each other that HvMC4 expression was significantly increased upon excess-B supplementation. In opposite, HvMC5 was down-regulated in the leaf zones which was another critical B-responsive gene in barley. Hence, HvMC4 and HvMC5 seem to have antagonistic effect during PCD regulation. These results can provide insights for metacaspase functionality in barley, not only limited for B-induction but also various kinds of PCD-causing conditions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Assessment of Cd-induced genotoxic damage in Urtica pilulifera L. using RAPD-PCR analysis
No full textPlants can be used as biological indicators in assessing the damage done by bioaccumulation of heavy metals and their negative impact on the environment. In the present research, Roman nettle (Urtica pilulifera L.) was employed as a bioindicator for cadmium (Cd) pollution. The comparisons between unexposed and exposed plant samples revealed inhibition of the root growth (similar to 25.96% and similar to 45.92% after treatment with 100 and 200 mu mol/L Cd concentrations, respectively), reduction in the total soluble protein quantities (similar to 53.92% and similar to 66.29% after treatment with 100 and 200 mu mol/L Cd concentrations, respectively) and a gradual genomic instability when the Cd concentrations were increased. The results indicated that alterations in randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles, following the Cd treatments, included normal band losses and emergence of new bands, when compared to the controls. Also, the obtained data from F1 plants, utilized for analysis of genotoxicity, revealed that DNA alterations, occurring in parent plants due to Cd pollution, were transmitted to the next generation
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Understanding the problem at hand:nanotechnological implications that cannot be foreseen
No full textWith the advancement of nanotechnology, the possible releases of nanoparticles have attracted significant consideration. In the present scenario, nanoparticles with new functional properties have been developed and continue to spread in almost every field of science, industry, biotechnology, medicine, agriculture, etc. Plants are intrinsic to ecosystems and plant–nanoparticles interaction is imperative for risk assessment. The entire acceptability and propensity to use nanotechnology in plants and the agricultural industry are constrained by the growing worries regarding bioavailability, transport, fate, inappropriate regulatory framework, and nanoparticle toxicity. A realistic approach is also lacking in the current research trends, which prevents a thorough understanding of risk assessment criteria and the nanoparticles’ toxicity toward plant, soil, and soil microbiome components following their release into the environment. A systematic evaluation of information on the influence of nanoparticles on plants and agricultural practices is required to improve our understanding of the effects of nanoparticles. Hence this book chapter focuses on the problems related to nano-toxicity and risk assessment factors on exposure of plants to nanoparticles. We also try to address the possible outcomes of the long-term and large-scale applications of nanomaterials in the field of social health and environmental concerns. Likewise, this chapter also suggests the future perspectives of the research direction for the safer use of nanoparticles in agriculture, which would lead us toward sustainable development.</p
Assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of endangered endemic plant Barbarea integrifolia DC. (Brassicaceae) in Turkey
Get PDFBarbarea integrifolia DC. ( Brassicaceae) is an endangered and endemic species located in Erzincan and Gumushane provinces of Turkey. In total, 27 individuals from 2 natural populations were assessed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction ( RAPD- PCR) method coupled with sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer ( ITS1) rDNA region. Genetic accuracy of RAPD- PCR was tested with 25 RAPD primers, and it resulted in 115 clear and reproducible DNA fragments from 13 RAPD primers. Among these, 76 ( 66.1%) fragments were found to be polymorphic. According to the ITS1 analysis of B. integrifolia populations, the plants exhibited a relatively poor genetic diversity. In total, 60 ITS1 nucleotide sequences from the GenBank database with 2 newly identified ITS1 sequences from the Turkish populations were used to construct a maximum- likelihood tree. The lengths of ITS1 sequences of B. integrifolia were found to be 268 bp for population I and 271 bp for population II. ITS1 sequences of B. integrifolia species showed 97% sequence identity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Barbarea species were monophyletic and showed high bootstrap values. B. integrifolia had closer relationships with Cardamineae taxa, including Cardamine, Rorippa, and Armoracia. On the contrary, allied genus Nasturtium species were separated from Cardamineae taxa. The genetic information obtained from this study could be used for the development of conservation strategies not only for B. integrifolia but also for rare and endangered plant species
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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