1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Role of promoter DNA sequences and environmental stress in gene regulation by RNA Polymerase II pausing
No full textThe evolutionary success of an organism is a testament to its inherent capacity to keep pace with environmental conditions that change over short and long periods. Molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive processes are being investigated with interest and excitement. All living beings encounter myriad environmental factors in their life history, the extent and duration of which may vary [3,4]. Various strategies ranging from rewiring of regulatory networks, gene deletion/duplication, to reorganization of cellular architecture are used by organisms to cope with these changing environmental conditions [3,5,6]. At the cellular level, the immediate response to changing environment conditions e.g. presence of a stressor, culminates in the form of changes in the transcriptional profile [6]. Heat Shock Response (HSR) is one of the most widely used model to understand the rapidness, plasticity and characteristics of transcriptional networks under stress condition [6-8]. Exposure to acute heat shock causes cellular damage and evokes HSR which involves upregulation of molecular chaperones called heat shock proteins (HSPs) [8]. The upregulation of HSPs is a rapid phenomenon and usually takes a few minutes. Studies over years have shown that this rapid response is contributed by the gene structure of HSPs and their regulation. It was found that most of the HSPs are short genes and are intron-less [9,10]. In addition it was shown that HSPs are transcriptionally regulated at a post initiation level by a process called RNA Pol II pausing [11]. It is known that once the RNA Polymerase II initiates transcription and moves along the gene body, it is paused and remains in this transcriptionally competent state until stimulated [11,12]. The existence of HSP genes in paused state of transcription is thought to help in achieving faster response[11]. Recent advance in next generation sequencing served as a boon to further our understanding about HSR. A new aspect of transcriptional regulation under heat shock has emerged in the recent past. Studies done in mice and humans have hinted that HSR is not limited to upregulation of HSPs and also involved a genome-wide downregulation [13,14]. However, the mechanism(s) mediating this downregulation are widely unknown. In the first part of my thesis, I have tried to identify the mechanism that could possibly regulate the HSR in human cells. I have shown that the genome-wide transcriptional halt under heat shock is mediated by RNA Pol II pausing and nascent translation is necessary for it. The downregulation mainly occurs in the genes involved in energy consuming processes like metabolism, translation etc. and is independent of the master regulator of heat shock response HSF1. Results also hinted towards a potential role of misfolded/aggregated proteins in serving as a sensor for heat shock and relaying the signal to the transcriptional machinery to induce RNA Pol II pausing and eventually transcriptional downregulation. This part of the thesis thus provided insight into a potential mechanism involved in heat shock induced transcriptional downregulation.The second part of my thesis is aimed at understanding the quantitative principles and rules of transcription regulation specifically by RNA Polymerase II pausing. The lifetime and stability of a paused polymerase depends on various intrinsic factors like cis regulatory sequences (core promoter elements, enhancers, nucleosome disfavouring sequences) and extrinsic factors like (pausing factors- NELF, DSIF; nucleosomes) [,12,15,16]. Studies done in Drosophila and mammals have tried to understand the effect of promoter DNA sequences in regulating pausing. These studies have identified various motifs like GAGA element, TATA box, motif ten element (MTE), downstream promoter element (DPE), initiator element (Inr), pause button (PB) to be associated with RNA Pol II pausing. Paused promoters were also identified to be GC rich and consist of nucleosome favouring sequences [17-21]. Though being very informative these studies have some major limitations. Firstly, most of them were small scale studies and addressed the importance of only a few native promoter sequences in RNA Pol II pausing. Secondly, these studies focused on native promoters which differ from each other in many DNA elements and thus it is very challenging to pinpoint the role of a particular motif or sequence in pausing. Finally, it has been very well established that the genomic context and the local chromatin architecture have a prominent effect on both pausing and gene expression. Therefore, in order to understand the quantitative principles of effect of promoter sequences on Pol II pausing and gene expression in an unbiased way, it is important to develop a controlled and precise system. This would require analysis of multiple promoters at the same genomic location that differ only in terms of specific sequences.In the second part of my thesis, I have established a system to answer such questions in a high throughput way (in collaboration with Prof. Eran Segal’s laboratory, Weizmann Institute, Israel). We have designed and constructed a library of promoter variants (based on knowledge from Drosophila system). This library of sequences has been inserted at a single location and in single copy in human K562 cell line (an ENCODE cell line). Currently, we have successfully setup the system in our laboratory at MPI-Freiburg and are beginning to test its effect on RNA Pol II pausing and gene expression (done by collaborators). Coupling of this multistep information in a mathematical model could help us in predicting gene expression from DNA sequences. Our study thus has potential to dissect the quantitative principles of gene regulation in human cells.The evolutionary success of an organism depends on its ability to adapt to the changing environment conditions. Rewiring of transcriptional network is a rapid way to adjust in the changing environment conditions. The final outcome of the process of transcription is dependent on various cell intrinsic factors (e.g. DNA sequences) and cell extrinsic factors (e.g. presence of a stressor). In my thesis, I have discussed how a cell intrinsic factor (DNA sequence) can impact RNA Pol II pausing which in turn affect the transcriptional output and how in presence of a cell extrinsic factor (heat shock) RNA Pol II pausing can regulate transcription to enable survival under stress. Thus, the two projects pursued in the time course of this thesis have tried to address fundamentals of transcription which lie at the heart of life
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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