130,362 research outputs found
Un paradosso solo apparente: metopismo associato a craniostenosi. Trattamento chirurgico originale
No full textAN ONLY APPARENT PARADOX: METOPISM AND CRANIOSYSNOSTOSIS. AN ORIGINAL SURGICAL TREATMENT. Since tha dawn of civilty skull deformities have been considered as a sign fo Divinity, as they were a privilege, so that they have been also induced by sophysticated technique of asymmetrical skull compression. Gerolamo Cardano (1501-1576) descibed the art of divining the future by the study of the forehead and defined metopism the middle skull bones discontinuity due to diastais of the metopic and sagittal sutures. Craniosysnostosis is a premature fusion of one or more craniofacial sutures' systems, leading to craniofacial deformities. These malformation can be treated through a surgical technique that is undergoing continuous evolution. In the two cases reported, an Apert syndrome and brachycefaly both associated with metopism, we thought that decompression and remodelling wouldn't be adequate enough. The two little girls have been operated early (two months old) using an original technique which allowed decompression and remodelling of the volt, bases and orbits, in order to leave them room to develop. We also performed a sort of "bone synthesis" of the metopic suture using autologous bone fragments (acquired from the decompressive craniectomy) and human dura mater sterilized with gamma-rays for this purpose. Careful neuroradiologic study, especially 3D Computed Axial Tomography, enabled us to demonstrate the aesthetic and functional excellence of our results, since the very postoperatory time until more than five years of follow-up. We demonstrated re-expansion, the total remodelling and the correction of metopism with a good calcification of th metopic suture
Contributo critico alla diagnosi ed al trattamento della malformazioni vascolari cerebrali criptiche e venose, in particolare nell'infanzia
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Lafora's disease. Clinical, histological ultrastructural and biochemical study
No full textClinical, electroencephalographic, neuropathological and biochemical data from a 16 yr old patient with progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) of the Lafora type are reported. Histological data show the presence of neuronal loss and gliosis. Electron microscopic observations show the presence of Lafora bodies in neurons with a dense central core and a more lightly staining rim. They are composed of fibrils and granules. The biochemical studies show a decrease of cholesterol (30.8% of control values), glycolipids (29.8%), and phospholipids (50%). Insoluble glycoprotein NaNa and hexosamines were decreased to 13.28% and 17.39%, respectively; soluble glycoprotein NaNa was unchanged, while hexosamines were increased 155.68%. A marked increase was found for insoluble mucopolysaccharides (348.82%). These changes led to speculations concerning the biochemical basis of this syndrome
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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