3,378 research outputs found
A child-centred exploration of the relevance of family and friends to theory of mind development
No full textThis is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2011 The Authors.Theory of Mind (ToM) is said to develop at around 4 years old. But some studies suggest it develops considerably earlier than this, with others suggesting it develops much later. Although several recent studies have found that social factors (like gender, family size, number of siblings, and number of friends) can impact on ToM, other studies contradict those findings. We wondered whether addressing several procedural issues and ensuring the task concerns real protagonists in real time, would bear on the above issues. Here, 114 children of 3–6 years completed four ToM tasks incorporating controls from experimental psychology, including randomly varying the order of ToM and non-ToM questions across participants. Now, children passed ToM tasks from around 5 years old, rather than 4 years or earlier. Girls did not develop ToM any earlier than boys. There was clear correlational evidence for the older-sibling effect and effects of friends but no reliable effects of nuclear or extended family. However, when these factors were set in the context of one another, the sibling effect was driven by a negative influence from younger siblings (as opposed to older siblings) and the friends effect was driven by friends at school (as opposed to friends at home). Finally, “friends” was a stronger predictor than siblings but memory (a cognitive factor) and age (a maturational factor) were the strongest predictors of all
Introducing Visual C# 2010
No full textIf you're new to C# programming, this book is the ideal way to get started. Respected author Adam Freeman guides you through the C# language by carefully building up your knowledge from fundamental concepts to advanced features. The book gradually builds up your knowledge, using the concepts you have already grasped to support those that come next. You will explore all the core areas of the C# language and the .NET Framework on which it runs. Particular attention is paid to the creation of Web and Windows applications and data access - danger zones where novice programmers often go awry in th
Petri Net computational modelling of Langerhans cell Interferon Regulatory Factor Network predicts their role in T cell activation
No full textLangerhans cells (LCs) are able to orchestrate adaptive immune responses in the skin by interpreting the microenvironmental context in which they encounter foreign substances, but the regulatory basis for this has not been established. Utilising systems immunology approaches combining in silico modelling of a reconstructed gene regulatory network (GRN) with in vitro validation of the predictions, we sought to determine the mechanisms of regulation of immune responses in human primary LCs. The key role of Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) as controllers of the human Langerhans cell response to epidermal cytokines was revealed by whole transcriptome analysis. Applying Boolean logic we assembled a Petri net-based model of the IRF-GRN which provides molecular pathway predictions for the induction of different transcriptional programmes in LCs. In silico simulations performed after model parameterisation with transcription factor expression values predicted that human LC activation of antigen-specific CD8 T cells would be differentially regulated by epidermal cytokine induction of specific IRF-controlled pathways. This was confirmed by in vitro measurement of IFN-g production by activated T cells. As a proof of concept, this approach shows that stochastic modelling of a specific immune networks renders transcriptome data valuable for the prediction of functional outcomes of immune responses
A graphical and computational modelling platform for biological pathways
No full textA major endeavor of systems biology is the construction of graphical and computational models of biological pathways as a means to better understand their structure and function. Here, we present a protocol for a biologist-friendly graphical modeling scheme that facilitates the construction of detailed network diagrams, summarizing the components of a biological pathway (such as proteins and biochemicals) and illustrating how they interact. These diagrams can then be used to simulate activity flow through a pathway, thereby modeling its dynamic behavior. The protocol is divided into four sections: (i) assembly of network diagrams using the modified Edinburgh Pathway Notation (mEPN) scheme and yEd network editing software with pathway information obtained from published literature and databases of molecular interaction data; (ii) parameterization of the pathway model within yEd through the placement of 'tokens' on the basis of the known or imputed amount or activity of a component; (iii) model testing through visualization and quantitative analysis of the movement of tokens through the pathway, using the network analysis tool Graphia Professional and (iv) optimization of model parameterization and experimentation. This is the first modeling approach that combines a sophisticated notation scheme for depicting biological events at the molecular level with a Petri net–based flow simulation algorithm and a powerful visualization engine with which to observe the dynamics of the system being modeled. Unlike many mathematical approaches to modeling pathways, it does not require the construction of a series of equations or rate constants for model parameterization. Depending on a model's complexity and the availability of information, its construction can take days to months, and, with refinement, possibly years. However, once assembled and parameterized, a simulation run, even on a large model, typically takes only seconds. Models constructed using this approach provide a means of knowledge management, information exchange and, through the computation simulation of their dynamic activity, generation and testing of hypotheses, as well as prediction of a system's behavior when perturbed
BRAGG, GEORGE FREEMAN
No full textDescription: 0.5 linear ft. Notes:Minister, author. Contains letters, including two from Theodore Holly, and a scrapbook of clippings about religious, political, and historical events.
Subjects: Freeman Protestant Episcopal Church in the USA; South Carolina Holly, Theodore Maryland; Governors; Ritchie, Albert Cabell Protestant Episcopal Church in the USA; Clergy; Bragg, George Protestant Episcopal Church in the USA; Virginia Race relations Richardson, C. Herbert Ritchie, Albert Cabell Slavery in the United States South Carolina; Politics Virginia; Politics
Location: Howard University, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center (Washington, DC) NIDS Fiche#: 4.72.
Members of the Executive Committee of the Alumni Association at a presentation dinner in honour of Tom Drake
No full textMembers of the Executive Committee of the Alumni Association at a presentation dinner in honour of Tom Drake. Back: Dr C. Sinnamon, R. Hopkins, 2nd row: Barbara Bolton, W. Curnow, Tom Drake, J.J. Mahoney, Helen Gregory, Arthur Kruger, Greg Harvey, L.C. Fisher ; front: Mrs U. Prentice, Mrs Alison Drake, Mrs A. Jorss, Colin Nash, Mrs E. Bruce, Mrs Freda Freeman (G.A. Johnson back of Colin Nash)
Depolarization and decreased surface expression of K+ channels contribute to NSAID-inhibition of intestinal restitution
No full textNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contribute to gastrointestinal ulcer formation by inhibiting epithelial cell migration and mucosal restitution; however, the drug-affected signaling pathways are poorly defined. We investigated whether NSAID inhibition of intestinal epithelial migration is associated with depletion of intracellular polyamines, depolarization of membrane potential (Em) and altered surface expression of K+ channels. Epithelial cell migration in response to the wounding of confluent IEC-6 and IEC-Cdx2 monolayers was reduced by indomethacin (100μM), phenylbutazone (100μM) and NS-398 (100μM) but not by SC-560 (1μM). NSAID-inhibition of intestinal cell migration was not associated with depletion of intracellular polyamines. Treatment of IEC-6 and IEC-Cdx2 cells with indomethacin, phenylbutazone and NS-398 induced significant depolarization of Em, whereas treatment with SC-560 had no effect on Em. The Em of IEC-Cdx2 cells was: −38.5±1.8mV under control conditions; −35.9±1.6mV after treatment with SC-560; −18.8±1.2mV after treatment with indomethacin; and −23.7±1.4mV after treatment with NS-398. Whereas SC-560 had no significant effects on the total cellular expression of Kv1.4 channel protein, indomethacin and NS-398 decreased not only the total cellular expression of Kv1.4, but also the cell surface expression of both Kv1.4 and Kv1.6 channel subunits in IEC-Cdx2. Both Kv1.4 and Kv1.6 channel proteins were immunoprecipitated by Kv1.4 antibody from IEC-Cdx2 lysates, indicating that these subunits co-assemble to form heteromeric Kv channels. These results suggest that NSAID inhibition of epithelial cell migration is independent of polyamine-depletion, and is associated with depolarization of Em and decreased surface expression of heteromeric Kv1 channels.ID: S0006295207001931; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0006295207001931; Author: L.C. Freeman (b); Author: D.F. Narvaez (a); Author: A. McCoy (a); Author: F.B. von Stein (c); Author: S. Young (b); Author: K. Silver (a); Author: S. Ganta (b); Author: D. Koch (b); Author: R. Hunter (b); Author: R.F. Gilmour (c); Author: J.D. Lillich (a, ⁎); Affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Keyword: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Keyword: Intestinal epithelial cells; Keyword: Membrane potential; Keyword: Potassium channels; Number of Pages: 12; Language: English;Source type: Electronic(1)http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edselp&AN=S0006295207001931&site=eds-live&scope=sit
Psychophysiological preparation for surgery: Teaching the Freeman Preparation Program for improved patient outcomes
No full textThis research focuses on assessing the effectiveness of the Freeman Preparation Program (FPP), a treatment designed by the author, in preparing patients psychologically for surgery. This paper discusses two studies comparing the FPP, listening to relaxing music, and a no treatment control measuring various psychological and physiological factors before, during, and after surgery. The FPP focuses on the differences between the psychological (cognitive) and the physiological arousal component of preoperative anxiety and the contribution each makes to the surgery experience. The FPP includes a variety of instruction including relaxation and imagery aimed at training patients to maximally reduce their physiological arousal at the start of anesthesia. Music selected by the patient as being relaxing provided an appropriate comparison to this treatment, since prior research suggests it may reduce psychological anxiety but may increase physiological arousal (Dainow, 1977; for review see Hodges, 1980). This paper presents the results from Study 1, which included the FPP and Music Condition (MC), and Study 2, which included the FPP, MC, and a Control Condition (CC). The research hypothesis was that the FPP patients would have lower anxiety, lower physiological arousal at the start of anesthesia, and reduced postoperative pain than the MC or CC. In addition, this project used new electromyography (EMG) technology designed to detect physiological arousal during general anesthesia by monitoring facial muscles used to express pain and distress. The research did support the hypothesis that the FPP patients would have reduced physiological arousal at the start and throughout surgery and reduced pain after surgery than those in the MC or CC. Neither the FPP nor the MC reduced self-reported anxiety before surgery in either Study 1 or Study 2. Patients in the FPP tended to have greater confidence in their medical providers before surgery and reported improvements on several psychological factors. Implications for patient well being and for awareness during anesthesia are discussed
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