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Daphnephila urnicola Chiang, Yang & Tokuda, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Daphnephila urnicola</i> Chiang, Yang & Tokuda sp. nov. <p>MALE (Fig. 4 B, D–G) Eye bridge 3–4 facets long medially. Among the twelve flagellomeres, first flagellomere 175–190 µm long, 3.1–3.5 times as long as wide, 1.1–1.2 times as long as second; fifth flagellomere 160–175 µm long, 3.2–3.5 times as long as wide; twelfth flagellomere 140–145 µm long, 2.8–4.3 times as long as wide. Frontoclypeus with 26–27 setae. Labella hemispherical in lateral view, with 32–37 setae. Palpus three-segmented, first segment globose in ventral view, about 29 µm long; second about 1.5 times as long as first; third about 1.2 times as long as second; distal two palpal segments sometimes more or less fused.</p> <p>Wing length about 3.0 mm long, 2.3–2.4 times as long as wide. Scutum with two rows of dorsocentral setae; anteriorly with 38–39 dorsolateral setae, posteriorly with 44–50 dorsolateral setae. Anepisternum with 15–17 scales, mesepimeron with 44–75 setae.</p> <p>First through seventh abdominal tergites rectangular, eighth tergite not sclerotized. Second through seventh abdominal sternites 0.42–0.50 times as long as wide; eighth sternite small, 0.79 times as wide as seventh sternite, about 0.60 times as long as wide.</p> <p>Terminalia: hypoproct incised by shallow or deep emargination, forming a pair of lobes, each lobe with a few apical setae; mediobasal lobe shorter than cerci; aedeagus nearly parallel sided, truncate apically.</p> <p>FEMALE (Fig. 4 A, C). Frontoclypeus with 17–23 setae. First flagellomere 120–200 µm long, 2.4–3.6 times as long as wide, about 1.1–1.2 times as long as second; fifth flagellomere 133–145 µm in length, 2.9–3.2 times as long as wide; distal flagellomeres shortened and terminal one subglobular.</p> <p>Wing length about 2.3 mm, 2.3–2.5 times as long as wide. Anterior dorsolaterally with 35–51 setae, posterior dorsolaterally with 48–58 setae. Anepisternum with 17–20 scales, mesepimeron with 43–60 setae.</p> <p>First through seventh abdominal tergites and second through sixth sternites as in male. Seventh abdominal sternite setose, 520–560 µm long, about 1.1–1.3 times as long as wide.</p> <p>Ovipositor short, with many long setae ventrally on apical half; cerci-like structure bilobed, situated on anterior of intersegmental membrane between eighth and ninth abdominal segments.</p> <p>MATURE LARVA (Fig. 4 H). Body light yellow. Second antennal segment short, subglobular; two cervical papillae each with a minute seta. Spiracle present on prothorax and first through seventh abdominal segments, invisible on eighth abdominal segment; four dorsal papillae present on thoracic segments, each with a minute seta; two dorsal papillae present on first through seventh abdominal segments, each with a minute seta; terminal papillae not apparent. Sternal spatula semicircular, anteriorly with two slender, acutely pointed lobes, each lobe 60–70 µm long; two lateral papillae present on thoracic segments, each with minute seta. First through seventh abdominal segments with two posterior ventral papillae, each with a minute seta; terminal papillae not apparent.</p> <p>PUPA (Fig. 4 I). Body length 3.1–4.1 mm. Length from the base of antennal sheath to the tip of apical horn 295–320 µm long; prothoracic spiracle 145–230 µm long; abdominal spiracles on second to seventh segments about 22–35 µm long; second through eighth abdominal segments with 5–7 transverse rows of rather long spines on anterior half of dorsal surface, each spine 16–38 µm long.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <i>Holotype</i>: ♂ (on slide, NCHU 2013004-001, deposited in NCHU) emerged on 18 March 2008 from a gall on <i>M. zuihoensis</i> collected by T. C. Chiang on 17 March 2008 from Lung-Ding Ancient Road (323m asl.), Changhua, Taiwan.</p> <p> <i>Paratypes</i>: 8 ♂ & 1 ♀ (on slides, NCHU 2013004-002 to 010; NCHU 2013004-002 (1♂) and 0 10 (1♀) deposited in NMNS and others deposited in NCHU), same data as holotype; 4 ♀ (on slides, NCHU 2013004-011 to 0 14, deposited in NCHU), Lung-Ding Ancient Road (374m asl.), Changhua, Taiwan, same data as holotype; 2 mature larvae (on slides, NCHU 2013004-015 to 0 16, deposited in NCHU), Lung-Ding Ancient Road (323m asl.), Changhua, Taiwan, same data as holotype; 2 mature larvae (on slides, NCHU 2013004-017 to 18, deposited in NCHU), collected by Y.T. Hong on 15 January 2008 from same locality as holotype; 2 ♂ & 2 ♀ (on slides, NCHU 2013004-019 to 0 22, NCHU 2013004-019 (1♂) deposited in ELKU and others deposited in NCHU), collected by T. C. Chiang on 16 March 2008 from Chushui Lane (349m asl.), Changhua, Taiwan; 3 ♂ (wet in 70% Ethanol, NCHU 2013004-023 to 025; deposited in NCHU), 2 ♀ (wet in 70% Ethanol, NCHU 2013004-026 to 027; deposited in NCHU), 1 ♂ (on a slide, NCHU 2013004-028; deposited in NCHU) & 1 ♀ (on a slide, NCHU 2013004-029; deposited in NCHU) from galls on <i>M. zuihoensis</i> collected by T. C. Chiang on 16 March 2008 from Sihu (395m asl.), Miaoli, Taiwan; 2 ♀ (on slides, NCHU 2013004-030 to 031; deposited in ELKU and NCHU), from galls on <i>M. zuihoensis</i> collected by T. C. Chiang & W. N. Chen on 26 March 2009 from Da-Han woodland path (640m asl.), Pingtung, Taiwan; 1 mature larva & 2 pupae (on slides, NCHU 2013004-032 to 034; deposited in NCHU) from galls on <i>M. zuihoensis</i> collected by T. C. Chiang & W. N. Chen on 26 March 2009 from Lilishan (882m asl.), Pingtung, Taiwan; 1 ♀ & 1 pupa (on slides, NCHU 2013004-035 to 036; deposited in NCHU) from galls on <i>M. zuihoensis</i> collected by T. C. Chiang on 20 April 2008 from Lilishan (873m asl.), Pingtung, Taiwan; 1 mature larva (on a slide, NCHU 2013004-037; deposited in NCHU) from a gall on <i>M. zuihoensis</i> collected by T. C. Chiang on 16 February 2010 from Pi-Lu Zen Temple (295m asl.), Houli, Taiwan; 1 ♂ & 1 mature larva (on slides, NCHU 2013004-038 to 039; deposited in NCHU) from galls on <i>M. mushaensis</i> collected by T. C. Chiang on 19 March 2008 from Dasyueshan (1393m asl.), Taichung, Taiwan; 1 ♂ & 1 mature larva (on slides, NCHU 2013004-040 to 041; deposited in NCHU) from galls on <i>M. mushaensis</i> collected by T. C. Chiang on 19 March 2008 from Dasyueshan (1418m asl.), Taichung, Taiwan; 1 pupa (on a slide, NCHU 2013004- 042; deposited in NCHU) from a gall on <i>M. mushaensis</i> collected by T. C. Chiang on 0 2 March 2010 from Gao- Feng Lane (1234m asl.), Nantou, Taiwan.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> [Taiwan] 300–1300 asl. primary and secondary forest (Fig. 2).</p> <p> <b>Host plants.</b> <i>Machilus zuihonensis</i> Hayata and <i>M. mushaensis</i> Lu (Lauraceae).</p> <p> <b>Galls.</b> Urn-shaped, with 3–7 vertical ridges along the outer surface, hypophyllous (Fig. 1), remain green from young to dehiscent stages, single chambered.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name, <i>urnicola,</i> refers to the urn-shaped (<i>urna</i>) gall that the species induces and dwells (<i>cola</i>) in.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> In terms of morphology, the new species can be distinguished from the other <i>Daphnephila</i> as follows. The Indian <i>D</i>. <i>haasi</i> Kieffer, <i>D</i>. <i>glandifex</i> Kieffer and <i>D</i>. <i>linderae</i> Kieffer were described as having the posterior margin of the hypoproct entire (Yukawa 1974), whereas in <i>D. urnicola</i> the hypoproct has a shallow incision. The new species is distinguishable from five Taiwanese <i>Daphnephila</i> associated with <i>M. thunbergii</i> by the following characters: from <i>D</i>. <i>ornithocephala</i> Tokuda, Yang & Yukawa by the four-segmented palpus; from <i>D</i>. <i>stenocalia</i> Tokuda, Yang & Yukawa by the acute pupal antennal horns; from <i>D</i>. <i>sueyenae</i> Tokuda, Yang & Yukawa by the longer mediobasal lobe; from <i>D</i>. <i>taiwanensis</i> Tokuda, Yang & Yukawa by the presence of setose pupal apical papillae and longer female seventh abdominal sternite; from <i>D</i>. <i>truncicola</i> Tokuda, Yang & Yukawa by the shape of the larval sternal spatula, setose pupal apical papillae, and wider aedeagus. <i>Daphnephila machilicola</i> from Japan differs from <i>D. urnicola</i> in having pupal lower facial papillae (Yukawa 1974). In addition, it should be noted that unlike other species, spiracles of the larval eighth abdominal segment are not apparent in <i>D. urnicola</i>. This character may be useful for future taxonomic studies of this genus.</p> <p> Both the NJ and the MP trees showed a similar topology with higher resolution in the NJ tree. Here we present the most parsimonious inference, the consensus from 3 trees of length of 223, with the bootstrapping values of both NJ and MP clustering method (Fig. 5). The taxa of the <i>M. zuihonensis</i> and <i>M. mushaensis</i> populations formed a monophyletic group and were supported by relatively high bootstrap values (83%, Fig. 5). The minimum and maximum pairwise distances were 0 and 0.47%, respectively inside the <i>D. urnicola</i> group (Table 1). The sister taxon of <i>D. urnicola</i> populations from <i>M. zuihoensis</i> and <i>M. mushaensis</i> is <i>D</i>. <i>stenocalia</i>, which forms longitudinal club-shaped galls on <i>M. thunbergii</i> in NJ tree.</p> <p> <b>Biology</b>. <i>Life cycle and development of gall tissues</i>. Both <i>M. zuihonensis</i> and <i>M. mushaensis</i> populations of <i>D. urnicola</i> were univoltine, inducing single-chambered galls along the abaxial surfaces of the lamina, and completing their annual life cycle on either <i>M. zuihoensis</i> or <i>M. mushaensis</i>. These urn-shaped galls have never been found on other <i>Machilus</i> spp. in Taiwan, such as <i>M</i>. <i>thunbergii</i> and <i>M</i>. <i>kusanoi</i>, which usually coexist with <i>M. zuihoensis</i> or <i>M. mushaensis</i> in broad-leaved evergreen forests.</p> <p> In field situations, mating usually occurred in the morning, and oviposition occurred between 1500 and 1700 h. Females walked along primary veins of freshly expanding leaves of <i>M</i>. <i>zuihoensis</i> and <i>M</i>. <i>mushaensis</i> and laid eggs in inter-vein locations between primary and secondary veins on the under surface. Occasionally oviposition occurred along the under surface of the tip of newly opened leaf buds. In 4–7 days, the neonate first-instar larvae penetrated into the leaf tissue, where they entered summer diapause (Fig. 6 A). There was no active proliferation of cells, but hyphae could be found inside the gall chamber at this stage (Fig. 6 B).</p> <p> The developmental processes of galls induced by <i>D. urnicola</i> on <i>M. zuihonensis</i> and <i>M. mushaensis</i> are similar. Galls started to develop and protruded from the abaxial side of leaves in autumn. They developed rapidly and broke through leaf tissue when the larvae molted into the second instars (Fig. 7 A & B). Gall tissue was about 15 cell-layers in width and could be differentiated into (1) epidermis, (2) cortex, (3) vascular traces, and (4) nutritive tissue including the parenchyma layer and fungus layer within (Fig. 8). The parenchyma cells in the cortex were filled with tannin and some secretory cells existed among them. The galls grew along the vertical axis, transforming the spherical projection beyond the leaf surface to grow like a column (Fig. 7 C & D). The second instar larva remained at the basal part of the gall.</p> <p> Most <i>D. urnicola</i> reached third instars in the galls during winter (Fig. 7 E & F). Exceptionally a few individuals from the southern populations remained as second instar larvae and a few from the northern populations reached the pupal stage. Galls were 40–50 cell-layers in width, with an organization similar to that during the occupation of the second instar larva, except for the differentiation of sclerenchyma between vascular bundles and the nutritive tissue (Fig. 9). At the end of the growth and differentiation phase, around January, cells at the base of galls grew along the vertical axis of the gall, and those at the top of galls grew along the lateral axis. The differentiated gall tissues were heterogeneous at the basal part of the gall, sclerenchyma occurred between vascular bundles and the nutritive tissue, whereas at the terminals, only parenchyma cells and a few secretory cells occurred.</p> <p> In late winter (January) and early spring (February), as the third instars pupated within galls (Fig. 1), sclerenchyma cells filled nearly half of the basal part of galls and the parenchyma layer inside the sclerenchyma layer was undetectable. Meanwhile, the shape of the operculum (the apical part of the gall), which opens at the time of emergence, was acute in angle on <i>M. mushaensis</i> (Fig. 10 D) compared to those on <i>M. zuihonensis</i> (Fig. 10 C). The number of parenchyma cell layers in this part of <i>D. urnicola</i> galls was 7–12 on <i>M. zuihonensis</i> (Fig. 10 A) compared to 16–18 on <i>M. mushaensis</i> (Fig. 10 B).</p> <p> Adults emerged in March—April (spring) leaving the pupal exuviae at the opercular points of the gall (Fig. 10 E & F). The gall tissue gradually dried and detached from the leaf. The life span of <i>D. urnicola</i> adults emerging in the laboratory and kept in vials was 4.13±1.66 (63 females) and 2.14±0.86 days (50 males) from <i>M. zuihonensis</i>; and 3.40±1.76 (53 females) and 2.49±0.73 days (72 males) from <i>M. mushaensis</i>. The longest life span observed was seven days for females from both hosts.</p> <p> <i>Measurements of galls</i>. The <i>D. urnicola</i> galls on <i>M. mushaensis</i> were significantly larger than those on <i>M. zuihonensis</i> (ANOVA; F=14.57, <i>p</i> <0.001 for gall length and F=4.54, <i>p</i> <0.05 for gall width). The average length of galls on <i>M. zuihonensis</i> was 12.35 ± 2.76 mm, average width 6.61 ± 1.72 mm, and length–width ratio 1.87 (n=318). The average length of galls on <i>M. mushaensis</i> was 14.13 ± 1.90 mm, average width 7.23 ± 1.19 mm, and length–width ratio 1.95 (n=183).</p> <p> Associated fungi. <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> was isolated from almost all chambers of the <i>D. urnicola</i> galls induced on <i>M. zuihonensis</i> (98.68%) and <i>M. mushaensis</i> (97.37%). <i>Phomopsis</i> sp. (1.33%) was also isolated from galls on <i>M. zuihonensis</i>, and <i>Nigrospora</i> sp. (1.32%) and <i>Pestalotia</i> sp. (1.32%) from galls on <i>M. mushaensis</i>. The pouch on the females of <i>D</i>. <i>urnicola</i> is covered by an enlarged sheath on the 7th abdominal sternite (Fig. 11). However, under microscopic examination neither spores nor hyphae were found in the mycangia (pouch) of females just after emergence.</p> <p> <i>Parasitoids</i>. Three endoparasitoids, <i>Leptacis</i> sp., <i>Platygaster</i> sp. (both Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), and <i>Gastrancistrus</i> sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), and six species of ectoparasitoids, <i>Bracon</i> sp., <i>Simplicibracon curticaudis</i> (both Hymenoptera: Braconidae), <i>Sigmophora</i> sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), <i>Eupelmus</i> sp. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), <i>Ormyrus</i> sp. (Hymenoptera: Ormyridae), and a pteromalid species were obtained from <i>D</i>. <i>urnicola</i> galls on <i>M. zuihonensis</i>. In contrast, only <i>Platygaster</i> sp. and <i>Eupelmus</i> sp. were obtained from galls on <i>M. mushaensis</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Pan, Liang-Yu, Chiang, Tung-Chuan, Weng, Yu-Chu, Chen, Wen-Neng, Hsiao, Shu-Chuan, Tokuda, Makoto, Tsai, Cheng-Lung & Yang, Man-Miao, 2015, Taxonomy and biology of a new ambrosia gall midge Daphnephila urnicola sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing urn-shaped leaf galls on two species of Machilus (Lauraceae) in Taiwan, pp. 371-388 in Zootaxa 3955 (3)</i> on pages 375-382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3955.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/238150">http://zenodo.org/record/238150</a>
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols (SQMG) as anti-tumor-promoters
No full textDuring our search for new glycoglycerolipids active in cancer chemoprevention, in recent years we have synthesized a number of esters of 2-O-beta-D-glycosylglycerols in which the length, shape, number and position of the acyl chain, and the type of sugar (alphaand beta glucose or galactose) were varied. These compounds were found to be very active in inhibiting the tumor-promoting activity of the phorbol ester TPA both in in vitro and in in vivo tests, being such activities mainly influenced by the changes of the acyl chains length. Sulfoquinovosylacylglycerols are acylated sulfoglycolipids in which sulfoquinovose (6-deoxy-6-sulfo-glucose) is alpha-linked to the sn-3 position of glycerol. These compounds exhibit noteworthy biological activities, that make them very attractive for their use in cancer therapy.
Here we report the synthesis of 6’-sulfo-derivatives (SQMG) based on the skeleton of 2-O-beta-D-glucosylglycerol to which previously synthesized biologically active glucoglycerolipid analogues are related. A chemoenzymatic strategy has been used to selectively insert the proper chemical functionalities (i.e. acyl chain) at the desired position of glucosylglycerol to obtain the target compounds. Their potential as anti-tumor-promoters will be also discussed
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Ametrodiplosis adetos Elsayed, Yukawa & Tokuda 2021, n. sp.
No full text<i>Ametrodiplosis adetos</i> Elsayed, Yukawa & Tokuda, n. sp. <p>[Figures 4–5 & 10–26]</p> <p> <i>Adult</i>. <i>Head</i>. Eyes connate; facets round, 7–8 facets long at vertex. Occiput with short dorsal protuberance (Fig. 10). Antenna: flagellomere XII with microtrichose, narrow apical prolongation (Figs 12–13); female flagellomeres cylindrical, with bare necks, node about twice as long as neck (Figs 12, 14); male flagellomeres with bare internode, evanescing after flagellomere VII (Figs 13, 15). Frons with 8–12 setae (n = 4). Mouthparts (Figs 10, 11): labrum pointed, without microtrichia, with 6–8 short setae (n = 4); hypopharynx elongate, pointed, with long microtrichia on margins; labellum elongate, narrow in frontal view, with 5–7 strong setae (n = 4); palpus 4-segmented, with noticeable palpiger, segments usually consecutively longer, but in one specimen palpal segment II as long as III.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>. Wing (Figs 4, 5) 1.5 mm long in females (n = 2), 1.3–1.4 mm long in males (n = 3); R 1 joining C before wing mid-length; R 5 strongly curved distally, joining C posteriad of wing apex; C broken after conjunction with R 5. Acromere (Fig. 16): claws untoothed, bent and slightly widened after midlength; empodia slightly shorter than claws; pulvilli ca. 0.3 times shorter than claws. Scutum with 4 longitudinal rows of setae; scutellum laterally with 6–7 setae (n = 4). Anepimeron with 4–5 setae (n = 4); anepisternum with 1–3 scales (n = 4); katepisternum bare.</p> <p> <i>Female abdomen</i> (Fig. 17). Tergites I–VII with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla; tergites I–VI rectangular, with few lateral setae, sparse scattered scales and 1 row of posterior setae; tergite VII with few lateral setae and 2 rows of posterior setae; tergite VIII membranous, differentiated from remainder of tergum only by anterior pair of trichoid sensilla and a few setae posteriorly. Sternites II–VI with scattered setae and setiform scales near midlength, and 1 row of posterior setae; sternites III–VII with anteromedial pair of trichoid sensilla located intersegmentally; sternite VII with scattered setae and few scales near midlength and 2 rows of posterior setae; sternite VIII differentiated from remainder of sternum only by anterior pair of lateral trichoid sensilla. Ovipositor (Fig. 18): protrusible portion bare dorsally, mostly covered with short and few long setae ventrally; cerci ovoid, ca. 2.3 times longer than wide, with short setae and 2 apicoventral setae slightly thicker and longer than surrounding setae; hypoproct with 2 apical setae.</p> <p> <i>Male abdomen</i> (Fig. 19). Tergites I–VI as in female but with fewer scales; tergite VII with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla, 2 setae each placed posterolaterally, without scales; tergite 8 differentiated from remainder of tergum only by anterior pair of trichoid sensilla. Sternites II–VII as in female; sternite VIII short, about 0.5 as wide as sternite VII, with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla placed intersegmentally, and posterior and midlength groups of setae coalesced. Terminalia (Figs 20, 21): gonocoxite narrowly cylindrical except for prominent mediobasal lobe slightly before midlength; gonostylus microtrichose basally, carinate and setose distally, with cluster of setae on base ventrally; each lobe of cerci trapezoid, microtrichose, with few setae along posterior margin; hypoproct longer than cerci, with microtrichia on distal half, bilobed, each lobe with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral subapical seta; aedeagus longer than hypoproct, slightly tapered to narrow and rounded apex, with lateral sensoria on posterior half; basal portion of aedeagus not extending anteriorly beyond base line of gonocoxite.</p> <p> <i>Pupal exuviae</i>. Antennal base with tiny, pointed anteroventral umbo-like sclerotized prolongation, antennal papillae invisible. Vertex with 2 cephalic papillae on each side, outermost papillae with long seta. Face with 2 setose and 2 asetose median papillae, and triplet lateral papillae on each side, 2 asetose and 1 setose (Fig. 22). Prothoracic spiracles (Fig. 23) pigmented, elongate, 24–27 μm long (n = 4), curved, with trachea extending to tip, ca. 4.5 times longer than cephalic seta. Segments II–VI with rudimentary abdominal spiracles. Terga I–VIII with pair of trichoid sensilla anteriorly and short spicules on anterior third; terga II–VIII with 2–3 horizontal rows of spine-like spicules on anteromedian third; terga I–VII with 2 asetose and 4 setose dorsal papillae; tergum VIII with 2 setose dorsal papillae.</p> <p> <i>Larva. Third instar</i>. In life creamy white, body cylindrical. Spatula with rounded lobes (Fig. 24). Ventral and dorsal papillar pattern basic for Cecidomyiidi (Möhn 1955). Terminal segment: ventrally (Fig. 25) with smooth median perineal pads each bearing 1 asetose anal papilla, 2 posterolateral smooth plaques each bearing 2 asetose anal papillae, surface anterior and lateral to anus covered with pointed and raised cuticular warts; anal opening surrounded by microtrichia; dorsally (Fig. 26) covered with tiny pointed verrucae and with 2 long setose papillae and 6 large corniform papillae, most anterior 2 corniform papillae thinner than others, innermost 2 shorter than others.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The species name is derived from the Greek word “adetos”, meaning free, for the fact that the larvae live freely in the flowers of <i>Tylophora aristolochioides</i> without gall-induction.</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> 1♂ (ELKU): Reared by A. K. Elsayed and emerged on 5.viii.2019 from a flower of <i>Tylophora aristolochioides</i> collected by A. K. Elsayed & K. Mochizuki in Shiramine Village, Hakusan City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan on 16.vii.2019.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> All collected from flowers of <i>Tylophora aristolochioides</i> in Japan; 5 larvae: collected on 8.ix.2019 by K. Mochizuki & S. Nemoto in Shirakawa City, Fukushima, Japan. The remaining paratypes were collected at the type locality by A. K. Elsayed & K. Mochizuki and reared by A. K. Elsayed: 3 pupal exuviae & 2 ♀♀: emerged on 1.viii.2019; 1 pupal exuviae & 1♂: emerged on 5.viii.2019; 2 pupal exuviae: emerged on 2.viii.2019; 1 pupal exuviae & 1♀: emerged on 30.vii.2019; 2 ♀♀: emerged on 14.vii.2019; 3 ♀♀: emerged on 2.viii.2019; 4 larvae: collected on 16.vii.2019.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Japan, Honshu: Ishikawa and Fukushima Prefectures.</p> <p> <b>Life history and biological notes</b>. Larvae of <i>A. adetos</i> are ectophagous on the flowers of <i>Tylophora aristolochioides</i> (Apocynaceae) and do not induce galls (Fig. 1). Pupation takes place in the soil. In the laboratory, the adults emerged 2–3 weeks after larvae were transferred to rearing cups. <i>Ametrodiplosis adetos</i> has several overlapping generations in summer due to the long flowering season of <i>T. aristolochioides</i> that extends from July to September.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Ametrodiplosis adetos</i> is most similar to <i>A</i>. <i>mamajevi</i> Kovalev, 1972, sharing with it the curved R 5 distally, narrow gonocoxites, mediobasal lobes placed on the basal half of gonocoxites and trapezoid lobes of cerci. They can be distinguished as follows: aedeagal base ends before gonocoxal bases in <i>A</i>. <i>adetos</i> but exceeds the gonocoxal bases in <i>A</i>. <i>mamajevi</i>; mediobasal lobes are more pronounced in <i>A</i>. <i>adetos</i>; and the male flagellomere XII ends with a narrow apical prolongation in <i>A</i>. <i>adetos</i> but lacks the apical prolongation in <i>A</i>. <i>mamajevi</i> (Kovalev 1972).</p>Published as part of <i>Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Yukawa, Junichi, Mochizuki, Ko, Tokuda, Makoto & Kawakita, Atsushi, 2021, Three new species of Ametrodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Japan, with a key to the Japanese species and a molecular phylogenetic analysis, pp. 151-172 in Zootaxa 4942 (2)</i> on pages 155-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4942.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4600392">http://zenodo.org/record/4600392</a>
コウイドウドソウジョウハンキョウジセイタイニオケルトクイナデンキユソウトクセイ
No full textChapter 3 is reproduced from [1] and [2] with permission from AIP Publishing.Chapter 4 is reprinted with permission from [3] Copyright (2024) by the American Physical Society.[1] M. Watanabe, S. Lee, T. Asano, T. Ibe, M. Tokuda, H. Taniguchi, D. Ueta, Y. Okada, K. Kobayashi, and Y. Niimi, Applied Physics Letters 117, 072403 (2020).[2] M. Watanabe, R. Nakamura, S. Lee, T. Asano, T. Ibe, M. Tokuda, H. Taniguchi, D. Ueta, Y. Okada, K. Kobayashi, and Y. Niimi, AIP Advances 11, 015005 (2021).[3] M. Watanabe, T. Higashihara, R. Asama, M. Tokuda, S. Suzuki, N. Jiang, M. Ochi, H. Ishizuka, H. K. Yoshida, and Y. Niimi, Physical Review B 110, 024431 (2024)
Unique electrical transport properties of atomically layered antiferromagnets with high mobility
No full textChapter 3 is reproduced from [1] and [2] with permission from AIP Publishing.Chapter 4 is reprinted with permission from [3] Copyright (2024) by the American Physical Society.[1] M. Watanabe, S. Lee, T. Asano, T. Ibe, M. Tokuda, H. Taniguchi, D. Ueta, Y. Okada, K. Kobayashi, and Y. Niimi, Applied Physics Letters 117, 072403 (2020).[2] M. Watanabe, R. Nakamura, S. Lee, T. Asano, T. Ibe, M. Tokuda, H. Taniguchi, D. Ueta, Y. Okada, K. Kobayashi, and Y. Niimi, AIP Advances 11, 015005 (2021).[3] M. Watanabe, T. Higashihara, R. Asama, M. Tokuda, S. Suzuki, N. Jiang, M. Ochi, H. Ishizuka, H. K. Yoshida, and Y. Niimi, Physical Review B 110, 024431 (2024)
New 6-amino-6-deoxy-glycoglycerolipids derived from 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylglycerol: insights into the structure-activity relationship of glycoglycerolipids as anti-tumor promoters
No full textAs part of a project aimed at obtaining compounds capable of inhibiting tumor promotion, new 6-amino-6-deoxyglycoglycerolipids (AGGLs) derived from 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-sn-glycerol were synthesized and tested for their anti-tumor-promoting activity using a short-term in vitro assay of the inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The corresponding 6-amino-6-deoxy-β-d-octylglucosides were also prepared as simplified aminoglycolipid models and tested. Comparison with the activity of a series of previously studied glycoglycerolipids showed that replacing the 6-oxygen of the glucose moiety by a nitrogen atom greatly reduced the in vitro activity of the compounds. A two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test of two representative aminoglycoglycerolipids confirmed their reduced activity also in this in vivo model
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