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The tyrosine kinase activity of discoidin domain receptor 1 is essential for the migration of human effector T cells in three-dimensional collagen
No full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 18 avril 2023)La migration des lymphocytes T à travers la matrice extracellulaire (MEC) du tissu interstitiel est essentielle au développement de la réponse immunitaire adaptative. Pour atteindre les sites inflammatoires, les lymphocytes T doivent traverser la barrière endothéliale, et ce, suivant le mode de migration bidimensionnel (2D) qui implique les intégrines. De plus, ils doivent traverser la MEC du tissu interstitiel, formée majoritairement de collagène, et ce, suivant le mode tridimensionnel (3D). Nous et d'autres avons montré que la migration des lymphocytes Th17 à travers le collagène 3D implique le récepteur à activité tyrosine kinase nommé récepteur de domaine discoïdine 1 (DDR1). Ainsi, leur migration dépend de la voie MAPK/ERK induite par l'activité enzymatique de DDR1. Ici, nous rapportons que les cellules Th1 et Th2 expriment des niveaux comparables de DDR1 à ceux des cellules Th17 et que leur migration à travers le collagène est dépendante de DDR1. Cependant, l'adhésion des cellules auxiliaires (Th) au collagène est indépendante de DDR1, conformément au mouvement amiboïde des cellules T dans les modèles de matrice 3D. Sur un autre plan, il est connu que DDR1 peut induire deux voies de signalisation, la voie canonique dépendante de son activité enzymatique et la voie non canonique indépendante de celle-ci. Nos résultats montrent que l'activité enzymatique de DDR1 est essentielle à la migration des lymphocytes Th. En effet, l'inhibition de son activité enzymatique par le 7rh et par la construction DDR1 kinase-dead ont fortement réduit la migration des cellules Th. De plus, nous avons montré que la voie canonique MAPK/ERK est essentielle à leur migration. En somme, ces résultats fournissent de nouvelles connaissances sur les mécanismes de migration des lymphocytes T. Enfin, l'activité enzymatique de DDR1 pourrait être une cible thérapeutique afin d'inhiber l'infiltration des lymphocytes T dans les sites inflammatoires observés dans les maladies auto-immunes et allergiques.T cell migration across tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical step in the development of adaptive immune response. To reach their target sites, T cells have to pass through two main barriers. One is the endothelial barrier and the second one is the interstitial matrix. Passing through the endothelial barrier follows the rules of two-dimensional (2D) mode of migration that has been studied in detail and involves integrin receptors. However, there are less studies regarding T cell migration through the interstitial matrix, which follows the rules of three-dimensional (3D) mode of migration. We and others previously showed that T cell migration across the 3D collagen that is the main component of the interstitial matrix involves the non-integrin collagen tyrosine kinase receptor named discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1). Previously, our group has reported that human Th17 cells migrate in 3D collagen via DDR1-mediated activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Herein, we report that human Th1 and Th2 effector cells express comparable levels of DDR1 as Th17 cells and also migrate in 3D collagen in a DDR1- dependent manner. DDR1 does not promote adhesion of Th effector cells to collagen consistent with the amoeboid movement of T cells in 3D matrix models. Furthermore, DDR1 could trigger its downstream signaling pathway either with or without using its tyrosine kinase domain, which is called canonical and non canonical signaling pathways, respectively. Therefore, we evaluated if this effect of DDR1 in promoting T cells 3D migration is mediated via DDR1 canonical pathway or non canonical pathway. Our results showed that the DDR1 tyrosine kinase activity was required for T cell migration. Indeed the specific DDR1 kinase inhibitor 7rh and the DDR1 kinase-dead construct strongly reduced the migration in 3D collagen of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Finally, we showed that the DDR1 kinase activity was required for collagen-mediated MAPK/ERK activation, which is essential for T cell migration. Together, these results bring new insights into the mechanisms of T cell migration in 3D collagen and suggest that inhibiting the DDR1 kinase activity might be beneficial to inhibit T cell infiltration into inflammatory tissues in autoimmune and allergic diseases
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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