54 research outputs found
Hvilke utfordringer har fire skoleledere i arbeidet med pedagogisk utviklingsarbeid?
No full textGjennom forskning, både nasjonalt og internasjonalt og gjennom styringsdokumenter og
satsninger framkommer viktigheten av ledelse tydelig. Det er gjennom utøvelse av god
ledelse at den kollektive læringskulturen skal blomstre og bidra til en transformativ
ledelseskultur som vises i alle ledd i organisasjonen. Dette studiet har tatt fir seg hvilke
utfordringer fire rektorer i en kommunen opplever i arbeidet med utviklingsarbeid. Det er et
kvalitativt studie med en fenomenologisk tilnærming. Studiet bygger på forskningsintervju fra
fire rektorer i grunnskolen.
Studiet bygger på en sosialkonstruktivistisk forståelse der kunnskap og ledelse sees på som
sosial konstruert i interaksjonen mellom mennesker. Praksisarkitekturene til Kemmis og
Grootenboer er valgt som teoretisk rammeverk og hovedteori. Den teoretiske tilnærmingen er
valgt for å belyse hvordan koblingen mellom teori og praksis er av betydning for utøvelse av
ledelse. Studiens hovedfunn peker på at ledelsespraksis i de fire skolene kjennetegnes
språkets betydning for hvorvidt man klarer å nå mål for utviklingsarbeidet. Studien
argumenterer for at en ledelse av utviklingsarbeid krever oversetterkompetanse fra teori til
handling og fra materielle forhold utenfor skolen som har betydning for elevens læring.
Denne tilnærmingen viser til hvordan språklig tilstedeværelse gjennom samtaler og refleksjon
i organisasjonens sayings opprettholder fokus på utviklingsarbeid og hvordan deltakelse i
lærernes læring legger til rette for kollektive læringsprosesser, doings. Til slutt kan man spore
hvordan ledelse preget av tillit og distribuering av makt har betydning for organisasjonens
relatings.
Implikasjoner for videre forskning vil være å undersøke hvordan et felles faglig språk vil
kunne føre til økt profesjonsutvikling for både ledere og lærere.
Nøkkelord: ledelse som praksis, praksisperspektiv på ledelse, praksisarkitekturer,Through the research, both nationally and internationally and through management documents
and initiatives, the importance of leadership becomes clear. It is through the exercise of good
leadership that the collective learning culture should flourish and contribute to a
transformative leadership culture that is displayed at every stage of the organization. This
study has addressed the challenges that four principals in a municipality experience in their
work on development work. It is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The
study is based on research interviews from four principals in primary school.
The study is based on a social constructivist understanding where knowledge and leadership
are viewed as socially constructed in the interaction between people. The practice
architectures of Kemmis and Grootenboer have been chosen as a theoretical framework and
main theory. The theoretical approach is chosen to illustrate how the link between theory and
practice is important for the exercise of leadership. The study's main findings point to the fact
that management practices in the four schools characterize the importance of the language for
whether one can achieve goals for development work. The study argues that a leadership of
development work requires translator competence from theory to action and from material
matters outside the school that are important to student learning. This approach demonstrates
how linguistic presence through conversations and reflection in the organization's sayings
maintains focus on development work and how participation in teacher learning facilitates
collective learning processes, doings. Finally, one can trace how leadership characterized by
trust and the distribution of power has an impact on the organization's relationships.
Implications for further research will be to examine how a common academic language could
lead to increased professional development for both managers and teachers.
Keywords: management as practice, practice perspective on management, practice
architecture
Integrering av likestillingsperspektivet i svensk LO : mote eller instrument?
No full textTema for oppgaven er integrering av likestillingsperspektivet i svensk LO. Oppgaven tar for seg hvordan og hvorfor svensk LO har valgt å integrere likestillingsperspektivet i all saksbehandling.
Integrering av likestillingsperspektivet, også kalt gender mainstreaming eller integrering av kjønnsperspektivet, vil si at alle ansatte, uavhengig av sakfelt, skal vurdere konsekvensene et vedtak vil ha for kvinner og menn. Svensk LO har valgt å beholde noen få ansatte som fremdeles arbeider bare med likestilling og som er eksperter på fagfeltet, men ellers skal alle de ansatte også analysere mulige konsekvenser for likestilling i sin saksbehandling. Alle ansatte skal fylle ut en likestillingsanalyse som følger saken gjennom behandling i AU (LOs daglige ledelse).
Oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i flere teorier for å forklare hvorfor LO valgte å integrere likestillingsperspektivet, og hvordan prosessen har foregått. Problemstillingen belyses ut i fra et instrumentelt perspektiv, representert ved klassisk administrasjonsteori og virkemiddelmodellen, og et institusjonelt perspektiv representert ved kultur- og myteteori. Sentrale spørsmål som blir behandlet i oppgaven er; Blir analysene gjort? Hvordan er kvaliteten? Hva synes de ansatte om å arbeide på en slik måte? Hvorfor valgte LO å integrere likestillingsperspektivet? Oppgaven tangerer også mulige fallgruver for en organisasjon som velger å integrere likestillingsperspektivet.
Empirien, som består av ulike skriftlige kilder fra LO og intervjuer, viser at integreringen har vært en langsom prosess preget av inkrementelle endringer. Likestillingsanalysene blir i stor grad utført, men kvaliteten er ikke alltid like god. Empirien viser at formell struktur og uformell kultur påvirker atferd, samt at det er sannsynlig at myteperspektivet har spilt inn på hvorfor LO har valgt å integrere likestillingsperspektivet. Det er derfor, i følge mitt syn, nødvendig å bruke alle de tre teoretiske perspektivene for å få en fruktbar analyse av prosessen. Oppgaven konkluderer ikke med hvilket perspektiv som er viktigst, for alle tre spiller inn, men i de senere årene ser det ut til at formell struktur har hatt størst påvirkning på atferd
Ritual, Performance and Bodily Transformation
No full textKjersti Larsen analyse la transformation du corps dans des rituels où les participants acquièrent différentes identités. A Zanzibar, pendant les cérémonies du ngoma ya sheitani, les esprits habitent les participants dans le but de se matérialiser et d’agir parmi les hommes. La parodie - un jeu de répétition et de distance critique - y joue un rôle décisif. Les protagonistes sont engagés dans une création interactive. Ils explorent leurs savoirs sur le différent et le même, sur ce qu’ils sont et ce qu’ils ne sont pas. Donnant la possibilité d’endosser successivement plusieurs identités et de se projeter dans des contextes différents, la performance se révèle être comme une discipline mentale visant la production de connaissances nouvelles.The paper explores performance and the analysis of bodily transformations during rituals in which the participants become both disassociated from and re-associated with different dimensions of their identity. Ethnographically, the focus is on certain rituals performed in Zanzibar called ngoma ya sheitani. During the rituals, spirits embody human beings in order to materialize and act in the ‘human world.’ In general, the difference between humans and spirits is one of excess rather than reversal. As such, parody – not in terms of satire but rather as repetition with critical distance – seems to play an important part in bodily transformations in the context of ngoma ya sheitani. In the process of transformation, participants are engaged in the interactional creation of what can be called a ‘performance reality,’ which, simultaneously, is and is not a state outside time. This implies that meanings are generated in social space through performance and that performance is a fundamental dimension of any culture and important in the production of knowledge about culture. Through performance, people both enact and extend their knowledge about difference and sameness, about who they are or are not, and about various others. An important aspect of knowledge representation, the author will argue, is that ritual and performance give the participants a possibility to experience reality, in the sense that participants and audience reflect on other contexts of meaning in the performance setting, as well as in the social and cultural world from which ritual emerges. As such, performances form part of the language of aesthetics
Roles of the author and references to other sources. Comparaison - written and oral.
No full textCette contribution se centre sur la dimension énonciative du discours scientifique. Nous prenons appui sur des typologies éprouvées par nos recherches antérieures sur le genre de l'article de recherche dans des langues et/ou des disciplines variées, pour étudier les rôles d'auteur et les références à d'autres sources dans des textes français du corpus issu du projet EIIDA, du domaine de la linguistique et des sciences. L’objectif est la comparaison entre l’article de recherche et l’exposé oral correspondant. Elle permet de montrer la spécificité de l’énonciation orale, et le fait que l’écrit sert de fondement dans le discours et la communauté du discours scientifiques. Mots-clé: écrit et oral, auteur, marques personnelles, références bibliographiques.This paper focuses on the enunciative dimension of academic discourse. We take as a point of departure the typologies developed in our previous work on the genre of the research article, in different languages and/or disciplines, in order to study author roles and references to other sources in the French texts of the EIIDA corpus, belonging to the fields of linguistics and science. The purpose is to undertake a comparison between the research article and its oral corresponding presentation. This perspective allows us to identify specific characteristics of the oral enunciation; we also find that the written article constitutes the basis for the scientific discourse as well as for the discourse community. Keywords: oral and written, author, self-mention, bibliographical references.publishedVersio
“The prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy among type 2 diabetic outpatients in Bangladesh”
No full textABSTRACT
The prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy among type 2 diabetic outpatients in Bangladesh
Author: Kjersti Mørkrid
Supervisors: Akhtar Hussain, Liaquat Ali
Aims/hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and additionally, evaluate the sensory and musculoskeletal lower-leg function, in type 2 diabetic outpatients, attending the BIRDEM hospital in Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: Type 2 diabetic outpatients, diagnosed 5-11 years prior the investigation was randomly drawn. The Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS) and the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) was employed to assess DPN. Data about socio-demographic characters, blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and random blood and urine samples were collected. For the lower-leg function evaluation, the plantar cutaneous sensation (Semmer-Weinstein 5.07 g monofilament), 1st MTP and ankle joint rang of motion (ROM) (goniometry) and muscle function (Kendall’s muscle test) in addition to balance (one and two leg static balance, tandem walk) was examined.
Results: Two hundred and ninety four (139 men, 155 women) type 2 diabetic outpatients were studied. The overall DPN prevalence was 19.7 %, male (20.9%) and female (18.7 %). The prevalence rate increased with increasing age (from 11.1% in the 23-40 year-old group to 32.3% in the 60-80 year-old group) and duration of diabetes (from 14.1% in patients with 5 years to 29.2% in patients with 9-11 years duration). Age > 60 years (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4 – 12.3), low/normal WHR (OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.6-9.3), treatment with insulin (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-4.0) and income < 800 TK (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9.3) were independent, statistically significant risk factors for the occurrence of DPN, longer duration of diabetes (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.4) and higher HbA1c (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.3) were independent, borderline statistically significant risk factors for DPN. The 1st MTP dorsal (p=0.03) and plantar flexion (p=0.003) joint ROM, the Tibialis anterior (p=0.03) and Flexor hallucis (p=0.02) strength, balance (<0.001) and protective sensation (p<0.001) was statistically significant diminished in the DPN group compared to the non-DPN-group. After controlling for age, protective sensation, balance, 1st MTP plantar and dorsal flexion ROM, and Tibialis anterior and Flexor hallucis strength in a multivariate logistic regression model, the DPN-group still had reduced balance (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), diminished protective sensation (OR2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.6) and Flexor hallucis weakness (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.4).
Conclusions/interpretations: We observed a DPN prevalence of 19.7%. Higher age, low socioeconomic status and treatment with insulin were statistically significant risk factors, while longer duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control were borderline statistically significant risk factors for DPN. The DPN subjects preformed worse on all the lower-leg function tests, especially for the protective sensation and balance test. They may therefore be at high risk for developing foot complications. In societies like Bangladesh, where the resources are scare, the awareness among patients and professionals should be raised. Necessary measures ought to be taken to prevent diabetes complication and secure the quality of care to reduce the burden and costs for both the individual family and the society at large.
Key words: Type 2 diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, risk factors, balance, strength, physical therapy techniques, plantar cutaneous sensation
Financed by: The Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, University of Osl
Knowledge, Astrology and the Power of Healing in Zanzibar
No full textThis paper explores Zanzibari understandings and practices of astrology. In popular milieus in Zanzibar Town, astrology and cosmology are associated with Islamic knowledge and constitute a form of Arabian scholarship that does not necessarily include formal education. One also notes traces of Hindu influence, although no explicit reference to it is ever made. Knowledge of sacred and non-human agency is considered to be of great value. The person having such knowledge is ascribed strength (nguvu) and prestige, as well as the means to make a living, if not to attain economic wealth. Focusing on astrology, the author discusses the complexity implied by this knowledge by exploring how great religious traditions are understood and reinterpreted by local communities, and how collective representations are expressed through people's acts and experiences within their local communities. People use this knowledge to cope with life, to interpret events, to anticipate the future, to act in the world and to position themselves within social relationships; through such actions, their communities are constituted as true institutions of meaning.Cet article explore les significations et les usages de l'astrologie à Zanzibar. Dans les milieux urbains populaires, la pratique de l'astrologie et de la cosmologie est associée à l'Islam et à une forme de connaissance culturellement attachée au monde arabe qui n'est pas toujours le résultat d'un apprentissage spécialisé. On peut aussi y repérer les traces d'une influence hindoue, qui n'est toutefois jamais évoquée explicitement. La connaissance du sacré et des puissances non humaines représente un savoir très valorisé. Elle donne force (nguvu), et par là-même prestige, à celui ou à celle qui la possède ; elle peut aussi constituer une source de revenus, mais pas nécessairement de richesse. Prenant l'astrologie comme point de référence, l'auteur montre la complexité des savoirs qu'elle mobilise et analyse la façon dont les grandes traditions sont comprises et réinterprétées par les communautés locales. L'auteur décrit également les représentations collectives exprimées dans les conduites et dans les expériences de tout un chacun et démontre comment elles prennent racine au cœur de relations sociales hautement contextualisées. L'utilisation de ce savoir pour faire face aux problèmes de l'existence, interpréter les événements quotidiens, anticiper l'avenir, prendre une décision, revient de fait à se positionner au sein de relations sociales, c'est-à-dire à faire de sa communauté une véritable institution du sens.Larsen Kjersti, Le Guennec-Coppens Françoise, Mery Sophie. Knowledge, Astrology and the Power of Healing in Zanzibar. In: Journal des africanistes, 2002, tome 72, fascicule 2. pp. 175-186
Embracing Silence and the Emptiness between Unspoken Words
No full textThis article examines the use of silence as a constructive teaching tool in the classroom rather than as a punitive measure. The author offers suggestions for the inclusion of silence to benefit students specifically in a literature high school classroom
ASO Author Reflections: Estimating the Prevalence of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei in Europe Using a Novel Statistical Method
No full textHuman rights through the lens of disability
No full text Notions discriminatory to persons with disabilities commonly underpin political theories of rights. While persons without disabilities are considered “normal” and independent, persons with disabilities are commonly seen as “deviant” and dependent. Persons with intellectual disabilities are also seen as lacking the autonomy required to have human rights. Acknowledging the equal human rights of all human beings, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) refutes such notions. Drawing upon relational theory, this Article provides a theoretical basis to some of the novel features of the CRPD. In contrast to many dominant theories of rights, the author argues that 1) disability constitutes a natural part of human diversity, 2) human beings are interdependent, 3) rights are achieved through supportive relations, and 4) human rights are ideals that inform how we should treat each other. The Article shows that a human rights theory fully inclusive of persons with intellectual disabilities also strengthens the human rights of others. </jats:p
Litterær selvfremstilling som handling og terskelfenomen: Performance, performativitet og liminalitet hos Jonny Halberg, Kjersti Annesdatter Skomsvold og Karl Ove Knausgård
No full textSammendrag
Avhandlingen Litterær selvfremstilling som handling og terskelfenomen. Performance, performativitet og liminalitet hos Jonny Halberg, Kjersti Annesdatter Skomsvold og Karl Ove Knausgård utforsker en av de fremste trendene i nyere skandinavisk litteratur: Litterær selvfremstilling. I årene opp mot og i løpet av 2000-tallet er det påfallende mange forfattere som skriver selvbiografiske romaner, og som på en direkte og ufiltrert måte tematiserer hendelser som tilsynelatende ligger tett opp til levd liv. Å bruke faktiske personnavn i romaner skaper tekster med en særlig henvendelsesform og inviterer til en rekke reaksjoner i den ekstra-tekstuelle virkeligheten. Jeg argumenterer for at litterær selvfremstilling oppstår i samspillet mellom tekst, forfatter, leser og den mediale offentligheten.
Målet med avhandlingen er å undersøke litterær selvfremstilling som prosess, handling og terskelfenomen. Jeg gjør rede for selvfremstillingen som litteratur- og samfunnstrend i Skandinavia, og argumenterer for at begrep som «performativitet» og «performance» kan være nøkler til å forstå den selvbiografiske referansen i litteraturen. Det performativitetsestetiske perspektivet innebærer å utforske hvordan selvfremstillingen virker og handler som kulturelt, sosialt og medialt fenomen. Avhandlingens hoveddel analyserer tre norske selvfremstillingstekster og ulike begivenheter i medieoffentligheten som tekstene eksplisitt knytter seg til: Halbergs All verdens ulykker. Innberetning til Det kongelige norske utenriksdepartement om Jonny Halbergs reise til Romania 2005 (2007), Skomsvolds Monstermenneske (2012) og Knausgårds Min kamp 1-6 (2009-2011).
Avhandlingens analyser danner et bilde av det komplekse samspillet mellom ulike aktører i selvfremstillingsprosjektene, hvordan estetiske og mediale former og uttrykk virker sammen, og hvordan ikke-litterære fenomen omarbeides til litteratur. Sentrale funn knytter seg særlig til det litterære verkets grenser og rammer, forfatterens ulike iscenesettelsestrategier, leserens roller og deltakelse, tekst som prosess og konstruksjon, samt selvfremstilling som medial begivenhet. I en tid preget av mediale grenseerfaringer, der både litteraturen og øvrige medier arbeider med å tematisere og tøye grensene mellom det private og det offentlige «jeg», gir denne avhandlingen økt innsikt i hva som karakteriserer, og hvordan vi kan analysere, vår samtid.Summary
The thesis Life Writing as Act and Threshold Phenomenon: Performance, Performativity and Liminality in the Work of Jonny Halberg, Kjersti Annesdatter Skomsvold and Karl Ove Knausgård investigates the autibiographical trend in contemporary Scandinavian literature. In recent years a strikingly large number of authors have written autobiographical novels that appear to tell the stories of their own lives. The use of real names in novels creates texts with a direct mode of address and invites a series of extratextual reactions. I argue that autobiographical novels are formed in the interaction between text, author, reader and the public sphere.
The purpose of the thesis is to analyse life writing as a process, act and threshold phenomenon. I discuss life writing as a trend in Scandinavian literature and culture, and argue that concepts such as «performativity» and «performance» contribute to furthering our understanding of the autobiographical reference in contemporary literature. As a theoretical and methological perspective, performativity helps explore how life writing works and acts as a cultural, social and media phenomenon. The main part of the thesis analyses three Norwegian autobiographical novels and different events in the public sphere that are directly related to the texts: Halberg’s All Kinds of Accidents: A Report for the Royal Norwegian Foreign Ministry on Jonny Halberg’s Journey to Romania 2005 (2007), Skomsvold’s Monsterhuman (2012) and Knausgård’s My Struggle 1-6 (2009-2011).
The thesis depicts the complex interaction between different subjects in life writing projects, how aesthetic forms and media expressions work together and how non-literary phenomena are transformed into literature. The most important contributions of the thesis are its explorations of the frames and limits of the novel, the author’s staging strategies, the reader’s roles and participation, the text as a process and construction and life writing as a media event. At a time when both literature and other media can be seen to highlight and perforate the boundaries between the private and the public «I», the thesis contributes to expanding our view of what characterises, and how we can analyse, contemporary culture
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