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Infestation of feijoa fruit (Acca sellowiana) by weevil (Conotrachelus psidii) and the use of traps to capture fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus)
No full textAcca sellowiana is a fruitful species native from Southern Brazil, also known as feijoa or guava-to-bush. It belongs to Myrtaceae family and it has high economic potential market. Associated with feijoa there is an insect fauna, associate with A. sellowiana, including the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus and the weevil Conotrachelus psidii. In the Chapter 1, the objective was to evaluate the fruit damage caused by C. psidii and the level of infestation. The experiments were performed in feijoa orchards conducted under conventional and agroforestry system (SAF) during the 2013/14 crop cycle. The SAF was located in Lages and the conventional system orchard in Panel municipality. Damage assessment and infestation of weevil were performed after fruit set, with 250 fruit bagging into plastic mesh bag. The fruits had an average diameter of 8 mm in the SAF and 1.2 cm in the conventional orchard. Fruits were surveyed and the fallen were collected, weighed and measured, weekly and transferred into plastic boxes with background coated with vermiculite, kept in a room to obtain larvae. Damage and weevil infestation rate was evaluated in five clones of A. sellowiana, located in a commercial orchard in Epagri-Lages, following the methodology described above. The results showed that 94% of fruits from SAF, showed weevil damage and there was no correlation between the diameter and damaging the fruit. The
SAF presented the value of 1.4 larvae per fruit. Conventional orchard handled with pesticides showed 3% of fruit damaged by the weevil and it was not observed the development of larvae in fruit. The clones 5114/São Joaquim-SC and 5327/Vacaria-RS had the lowest percentage of fruits damaged by weevil reach 3%, but in the clone 5327 there was not development of larvae. In Chapter 2, we evaluated the effect of homeopathic preparations added to the food bait, in order to capture fruit flies. The study was conducted in agroforestry and conventional systems. Seven treatments having 20% of grape juice as basic content with addition of homeopathic preparations in five replicates were performed. Each replication consisted of a trap of McPhail® fixed to the branches 1.6 m above the ground, containing attractive solution. Weekly (Jan-June) and fortnightly (July out) the collection was held of captured insects and to replace the attractive solution. In total was captured 250 883 insects, belonging to five different orders. In the orchard conducted under agroforestry system, the treatment with homeopathic preparation of Stevia 30CH showed greater attractiveness to males and females of A. fraterculus. In the conventional orchard of Lages, the biggest attraction was observed with the homeopathic preparation of crushed grape juice 30CH, followed by stevia. The conventional orchard in Painel municipality, the homeopathic preparation Acidum tannicum 30CH, Stevia 30CH and grape juice 30CH were the best. The results show that homeopathic preparations improved attractiveness of fruit fly of A. fraterculusAcca sellowiana é uma espécie frutífera nativas do Sul do Brasil, pertencente à família Myrtaceae, conhecida como goiabeira-serrana, goiaba-do-mato ou feijoa. Com alto potencial econômico em seus frutos. Porém, a goiabeira-serrana está associada a uma entomofauna, que podem tornar-se potenciais pragas, ocasionando danos expressivos. Entre as pragas associadas a goiabeira-serrana, encontra-se a mosca-das-frutas (Anastrepha fraterculus) e o gorgulho (Conotrachelus psidii). No capítulo 1, o objetivo foi avaliar os danos causados por C. psidii e verificar o índice de infestação nos frutos de goiabeira-serrana. Os experimentos foram realizados em pomares de goiabeira-serrana conduzidos sob o sistema convencional e agroflorestal (SAF), durante as safras 2013/14. O sistema agroflorestal localiza-se no município de Lages e o pomar conduzido sob sistema convencional localizado no município de Painel. A avaliação de danos e o índice de infestação do gorgulho foi realizado após frutificação efetiva, com ensacamento de 250 frutos com saco de rede plástica. Os frutos apresentavam diâmetro médio de 8 mm no SAF e de 1,2 cm no pomar convencional. Semanalmente, os frutos foram vistoriados e aqueles caídos, foram coletados, pesados e mensurados pelo diâmetro e transferidos para caixas plásticas com fundo revestido com vermiculita, mantidas em sala climatizada para
obtenção de larvas; os danos e índice de infestação do gorgulho foi avaliado em cinco clones de A. sellowiana, localizados no pomar comercial da Epagri-Lages, seguindo a metodologia acima descrita. Os resultados mostraram que no SAF, 94% dos frutos apresentaram danos de gorgulho e não houve correlação entre o diâmetro e danos nos frutos. Observou-se no SAF o valor de 0,001 larvas por kg de fruto e apresentou o valor de 1, 4 larvas por fruto. O Pomar convencional, manejado com agrotóxico apresentou 3% de frutos danificados pelo gorgulho, e não houve o desenvolvimento de larvas no interior dos mesmos. O clone que apresentou maior porcentagem de danos foi o 3136 de origem da Nova Zelândia, com 17% de frutos danificados e um índice de 0,1 larva por fruto. No capítulo 2, avaliou-se o efeito de preparados homeopáticos adicionados ao atrativo alimentar, na captura das moscas das frutas em pomares de goiabeira serrana conduzidos sob o sistema agroflorestal e convencional. Foram avaliados sete tratamentos tendo como base suco de uva integral a 20% com adição de preparados homeopáticos, em cinco repetições. Cada repetição constituiu-se de uma armadilha do tipo McPhail® fixada aos ramos a 1,6 m do solo, contendo a solução atrativa. Semanalmente (jan-jun) e quinzenalmente (jul-out) foi realizada a coleta dos insetos capturados e a troca da solução atrativa. Foram capturados 250.883 insetos, pertencentes as cinco diferentes ordens. No pomar conduzido sob sistema agroflorestal, o tratamento contendo suco de uva a 20% com preparado homeopático triturado de estévia 30CH foi o que apresentou maior atratividade para machos e fêmeas de A. fraterculus. No pomar sob sistema convencional no município de Lages, o preparado homeopático triturado do suco de uva 30 CH mostrou ser o mais atrativo seguido do triturado de estévia, ao passo que no pomar convencional de Painel, destacou-se o preparado homeopático Acidum tannicum 30CH, triturado de estévia 30CH e triturado do suco de uva 30CH. Os resultados mostram que preparados homeopáticos melhoram a eficácia dos
atrativos alimentares utilizados em frascos caça-moscas para captura de A. fraterculusConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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