1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Effects of Delay and Signals on Choice between Delayed Food Alone and Immediate Food with Delayed Shock
Get PDFMuch of the research in the area of self-control has examined choice between small immediate reinforcers and large delayed reinforcers, but many problems result from situations in which a single choice produces consequences of conflicting valence: Those in which the immediate outcome is reinforcing and the delayed outcome is aversive. Recent research has evaluated how preference for a large reinforcer which is followed by a delayed shock changes as a function of the delay to shock and how the intensity and duration of delayed shock affects the value of a large reinforcer. The present set of experiments investigated how the value of a food reinforcer followed by delayed shock changes as a function of the delay to shock. Instead of arranging choice between small and large reinforcers, the present experiments arranged choice between two reinforcers of equal magnitude – one of which was delivered after a delay, and the other was delivered immediately and followed by delayed shock. Rats chose between the consequences by pressing one of two levers. Using an adjusting-delay procedure, adjustments were made in the delay to food based on the rats’ choices. Exclusive choice of delayed food raised the delay to food in subsequent trials; exclusive choice of immediate food with delayed shock reduced the delay to food in subsequent trials. Adjustments continued until the both consequences were chosen equally often and the delay to food stabilized. The mean delay over this stable period was taken as an estimate of the indifference point – the delay at which the delayed food alone was equal in value to the immediate food followed by delayed shock. In Experiment 1, indifference points were identified across conditions with different delays to shock. The shock devalued the immediate food to the greatest extent when the delay to shock was short, and the effects of shock weakened as the delay was raised. In Experiment 2, indifference points were identified across conditions in which either the delay to shock or the presence of a signaling procedure was manipulated. As in Experiment 1, effects of shock were greatest when the delay was short and weakened as the delay was raised. Signaling the delayed shock did not influence effects of the shock systematically. Additional analyses of the adjusting delay, latency to press each lever, and the fit of hyperbolas based on Mazur’s (1987) hyperbolic discounting equation to indifference points were conducted for both experiments. The results from the present experiments are discussed in the context of laboratory research on choice that produces both reinforcing and aversive consequences and on effects of signaling aversive events
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Disruptions in Operant Behavior of Pigeons in Transitions across Rich and Lean Schedules of Reinforcement With and Without Advance Notice of the Lean Schedule
Get PDFAdvance notice refers to procedures in which a stimulus is provided to signal the end of an ongoing activity and the nature of the upcoming activity. Applied research has considered whether advance notice will reduce the problem behavior that sometimes occurs during transitions. Interpretation of this research is complicated by procedural variations in the type of transitions arranged, the consequences of transition-related problem behavior, the method of providing advance notice, and the measurement of the effects of advance notice. The present experiment investigated effects of advance notice using an animal model of transition-related problem behavior. Key-pecking was maintained on a two-component multiple schedule. In the lean component, completing a fixed-ratio produced access to food pellets for a short time; in the rich component, completing the ratio produced longer access. The problem behavior was measured as the disruption in pecking that occurred in the transition between rich and lean components. Advance notice was provided in some conditions by flashing the houselight in half of the ratios preceding a lean component. In the present experiment, advance notice did not reduce disruptions in pecking. Instead, when advance notice had any effect, it extended the disruptions. Additional analyses revealed that delivery of notice also disrupted responding within the ratios. The results from the present experiment are discussed in the context of applied research on advance notice
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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