18 research outputs found
Plasma Microrna-21 Expression in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
No full textLung cancer is one of the most common malignancies and is also the leading cancer-related death worldwide. Majority of which are non-small cell lung cancers. Five year survival rate of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer is approximately only 10% whereas for stage I disease, it can be as high as 80%. These data provide the rationale to improve the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and to detect the disease at an earlier stage where the cure of the disease can be expected
Gastrointestinal parasite infection and the first molecular detection of strongyle infection in cattle of the Ayeyarwaddy Division, Myanmar
No full textBackground:
Gastrointestinal parasites (GI) are a group of pathogens that infect the digestive tract of a wide range of animals and cause significant infections in cattle worldwide. Nematodes at the order level Strongylida have the highest prevalence in livestock farming. In Myanmar, cattle production plays a critical role in the rural lifestyle. However, baseline data on GI parasitic infection in cattle from Myanmar remain scarce.
Aim:
This study is the first report to identify the most abundant GI parasites in cattle from this country using microscopic identification, followed by species identification of egg-positive samples through molecular methods targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.
Methods:
A total of 219 cattle were involved in this cross-sectional study. Fecal flotation and formalin-ether centrifugal sedimentation techniques were used for conventional microscopic analysis. A fragment of the ITS gene was analyzed genetically in five samples identified as single-species infections.
Results:
Microscopy revealed an overall infection rate of 79.5% with intestinal parasites. Regarding results, strongyles were the most frequently detected parasites, followed by Eimeria spp. and Toxocara spp. Concretely, two species from the family Trichostrongylidae were found in the study area, Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis.
Conclusion:
This study provides the first molecular evidence of GI parasites in cattle in Myanmar, highlighting the high risk of parasitic infections in this area. Molecular analysis of five samples showed single-species infections: four with H. contortus and one with T. colubriformis, both likely widespread and dominant in Myanmar. These findings suggest that cattle may contribute to local transmission. The high prevalence underscores the necessity for sustained surveillance, implementation of effective control strategies, intersectoral collaboration between veterinary and public health authorities, and enhancement of public awareness to prevent and manage significant GI parasitic infections in Myanmar. [Open Vet. J. 2025; 15(6.000): 2682-2692
Development of Polyelectrolyte Chitosan-gelatin Hydrogels for Skin Bioprinting
No full textAbstractBioprinting is an emerging technology that offers the unique ability to deposit and pattern different cells and matrix materials to fabricate three-dimensional (3-D) tissue constructs. Markedly, bioprinting demonstrated great potential for skin tissue engineering ranging from the development of 3-D skin tissue models to in-situ bioprinting of skin directly over the wound site. Nevertheless, one of the major challenges that impede the progress in this field is the limited choices of printable biomaterials. In this paper, we report the development of printable polyelectrolyte chitosan-gelatin hydrogel for potential applications in tissue engineering of skin. The oppositely charged functional groups from chitosan and gelatin respectively first interacted at a specific pH range to form a polyelectrolyte complex, followed by further pH-dependent crosslinking. The pH-crosslinked polyelectrolyte chitosan-gelatin hydrogel was then evaluated in terms of its rheological behavior, biocompatibility, printability and lastly material stability under physiological conditions. The polyelectrolyte chitosan-gelatin hydrogel remained in a robust gel-state over the temperature range of 20-40 oC and facilitated cellular attachment and proliferation. Furthermore, it demonstrated good printability and the multi-layered hydrogel construct was mechanically stable after subjecting it to physiological conditions for 7 days
Dentoskeletal Changes of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion with Severe Facial Asymmetry after Orthognathic Surgery: Case Report
No full textCraniofacial asymmetry is expressed as the difference in size between two parts of the face. It is originated by a discrepancy in size and position between the cranial base and the maxilla, between the cranial base and the mandible, or between the maxilla and the mandible. When the craniofacial asymmetry is severe and the patient has completed growth, the indicated treatment is performed in conjunction with orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, traditional approach or surgery first approach. A 24 year-old woman had chief complaints of mandibular protrusion and facial asymmetry. Extraoral examination indicated mandibular deviation to the right side, severe facial asymmetry, and a concave profile. Orthognathic surgical treatment plan was Lefort I osteotomy and two-piece maxillary osteotomy to correct the posterior crossbite. Concomitant surgical procedure for the mandible was bilateral sagittal split osteotomy to correct facial asymmetry and mandibular protrusion. After orthognathic surgery followed by postsurgical orthodontic treatment reveals skeletal Class I and acceptable facial aesthetics with Class I occlusion. According to this case report, double jaw surgical procedure including maxillary and mandibular movements is indicated for the treatment of severe facial asymmetry and skeletal Class III malocclusion
Potential Contribution of Iron Deficiency and Multiple Factors to Anemia among 6-to 72-Month-Old Children in the Kokang Area of Myanmar
No full textThe prevalence of anemia among children in Myanmar has been reported to be among the highest in the world. This study was conducted to determine 1) the prevalence of anemia in preschool children and 2) risk factors associated with anemia. A total of 138 children aged from 6 to 72 months were recruited through cluster sampling from six villages in Kokang. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, blood trace elements, and anthropometric indicators were measured. Feces samples were collected to examine for the presence of ascarid eggs. The overall prevalence of anemia in children was 61.6%, including 10.9% with severe anemia. Meanwhile, high prevalence of stunting (40.0%), underweight (22.4%), wasting (6.3%), and small head circumference (6.7%) was found. Children with anemia were more prone to stunting. Children with severe anemia and moderate anemia had significantly lower blood iron and zinc levels than children without anemia (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007). The prevalence of ascarid infection was 64.9%; however, it was not associated with anemia. Drinking spring water was positively associated with anemia (odds ratio [OR] = 6.368). This study demonstrated that anemia is an important public health problem among children from the Kokang area. Iron deficiency and drinking spring water may be the important causes of anemia among children.SCI(E)[email protected]
Epidemiological study to support the establishment of a progressive zoning approach for the control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Myanmar
No full textFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease which has a significant impact on the economy and livestock productivity of affected countries. The research reported in this thesis involved investigation of the epidemiology of FMD in a potentially free (Tanintharyi) and an endemic (Sagaing) region of Myanmar. The animal level sero-prevalence in the Sagaing was high (42%, 95% CI 37.7 - 47.1) in contrast to that in Tanintharyi Division (11.7%, 5.9 - 17.4). Possible source of FMD in those locations may be due to communal grazing, using only underground water sources, purchasing cattle in March annually as a logestic regression model. In contrast, FMD was negative associated with trading of cattle within the same village where the farmers possessed less than only 10 cattle.
During this study, the traditional Dutaik meeting approach which is conducted in rural area of Myanmar ,was developed as a participatory disease tool and was validated with data collected from serological surveys and questionnaire interviews. It was concluded that the MTD meeting approach is a suitable technique to use for detecting FMD with the significant advantages of time and cost effectiveness. It is proposed that the MTD meeting approach is suitable for use in progressive zoning for the control of FMD in Myanmar and can be used to actively involve farmers in the control program and to increase their awareness of the impact of FMD.
In this study, a partial budgeting model with Monte Carlo simulation was developed to understand the influence of FMD on the economics of animal draught power, which is the major livestock input into the nation's agricultural enterprise. The model revealed losses to farmers were very high if outbreaks occurred every year. The findings of this study are useful for convincing farmers of the potential losses from FMD and the financial benefit in controlling the disease.
The movements of livestock in the Sagaing Division and in the Tanintharyi Division were different, with movements in the Sagaing being more complex. These movement data support the decision to develop a potential free zone area for FMD without vaccination in the Tanintharyi Division (Myanmar MTM area). Positive results from a sero-surveillance study conducted in 2005 in the Tanintharyi Division were most likely false positive results. This was supported by findings from the MTD meetings where no evidence of clinical disease was reported by farmers in contrast to areas where the disease was endemic.
It is concluded that the use of a zoning approach with vaccination in the endemic area of the Sagaing Division is an appropriate option for the control of FMD. At this stage it is not feasible to undertake control and eradication of FMD in the whole country. The complex animal movement patterns and the endemic nature of the disease pose real challenges for its control. However, in Myanmar the MTD meeting approach is a cost-effective option for surveillance to improve the FMD status early in an eradication campaign
Active deformation of the Central Myanmar Forearc Basin : insight from post-Pleistocene inversion of the Pyay Fault
No full textPyay sub-basin is located in the southern part of the Central Myanmar Forearc Basin, an elongate belt of en-echelon folds and thrust faults formed as a result of the hyper-oblique convergence of the India and Asia plates. Limited neotectonic studies suggest that the Pyay Fault is a major Pliocene inverted structure that trapped the hydrocarbons in Pyay sub-basin, where only sparse field-based observations are available to address the nature of very recent neotectonic processes. This study focuses on structural deformation related to active inversion of the Pyay Fault using field-based geological observations and interpretations of industrial seismic data. We map the ∼105 km long Pyay Fault, an east- dipping high-angle reverse fault with a significant dextral strike-slip component. The fault underlies the western limb of the major NNW-SSE- striking anticlinal ridge that forms the western margin of Pyay sub- basin. Growth strata within the Pliocene-Pleistocene Irrawaddy Formation, imaged in the shallow part (<1 km) of 2D seismic profiles, reflects the deposition of Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments synchronously with the inversion of the underlying Pyay Fault. In addition, uplifted fluvial terraces of the Ayeyarwady River on the hanging wall of Pyay Fault reflect the post-Pleistocene inversion of the Pyay sub-basin. This study suggests that the Pyay Fault is a prime example of active deformation of the Central Myanmar Forearc Basin which plays an important role in the basin evolution and an earthquake source potential of the Myanmar territory.Ministry of Education (MOE)National Research Foundation (NRF)Published versionThis work is a part of the first author’s Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Yangon, Myanmar. The first author would like to thank to U Thit Lwin, Pyay University and his graduate students for their help in various ways during the field work. The authors would like to express sincere appreciation to Prof. Punya Charusiri, Chulalongkon University and Dr. Jonathan R. Weiss, University of Potsdam for their reviews that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. Our thanks are also extended to Prof. Khin Zaw, University of Tasmania for handling the manuscript and editorial input. We also thank Dr. Kyaw Linn Oo, Petronas Myanmar Exploration and Dr. Wang Yu, National Taiwan University for their comments on an earlier draft. Field surveys for this work were partially supported by Resource and Environment Myanmar Ltd. and Myanmar Earthquake Committee. This research was supported by the Earth Observatory of Singapore via its funding from the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative. This work comprises EOS contribution number 343
Inappropriate Feeding Behavior: One of the Important Causes of Malnutrition in 6-to 36-Month-Old Children in Myanmar
No full textThe complementary feeding period is an important time for children's growth and development. This study was conducted to 1) determine the feeding behaviors of 6- to 36-month-old children in Myanmar, 2) explore health effects of feeding behaviors, and 3) determine factors associated with feeding behaviors. A total of 807 children and their mothers (N = 642) were recruited from nine villages in Kachin, Shan, and Kokang, Myanmar. Feeding behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics were investigated using a validated questionnaire. Hemoglobin and anthropometric indicators were measured during the fieldwork. In our sample, 18.6%, 72.7%, and 9.8% of children were introduced to complementary foods (CFs) earlier than 4 months of age, between 4 and 8 months of age, and later than 8 months of age, respectively. For different types of CFs, up to the age of 24.1-36 months, there were still 6.5% and 4.1% of the children who had never been introduced to eggs and meat. Introduction of CFs earlier than 4 months of age was a risk factor for being underweight (age-adjusted odds ratio (ORadjust-age) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-2.5) and for stunting (ORadjust-age = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3), whereas introduction of CFs later than 8 months of age was a risk factor for anemia (ORadjust-age = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.7-7.2). Mothers who had anemia (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.0-6.9) tended toward early introduction of CFs. Women with a lower family income tended toward later introduction of CFs (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3-3.3). This study demonstrated that inappropriate feeding behavior was one of the important causes of malnutrition.SCI(E)PubMedARTICLE3702-7089
Inertial-Based Filtration Method for Removal of Microcarriers from Mesenchymal Stem Cell Suspensions
No full text© 2018, The Author(s). Rapidly evolving cell-based therapies towards clinical trials demand alternative approaches for efficient expansion of adherent cell types such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Using microcarriers (100–300 µm) in a stirred tank bioreactor offers considerably enhanced surface to volume ratio of culture environment. However, downstream purification of the harvested cell product needs to be addressed carefully due to distinctive features and fragility of these cell products. This work demonstrates a novel alternative approach which utilizes inertial focusing to separate microcarriers (MCs) from the final cell suspension. First, we systematically investigated MC focusing dynamics inside scaled-up curved channels with trapezoidal and rectangular cross-sections. A trapezoidal spiral channel with ultra-low-slope (Tan(α) = 0.0375) was found to contribute to strong MC focusing (~300 < Re < ~400) while managing high MC volume fractions up to ~1.68%. Accordingly, the high-throughput trapezoidal spiral channel successfully separated MCs from hMSC suspension with total cell yield~94% (after two passes) at a high volumetric flow rate of ~30 mL/min (Re~326.5)
Murina rozendaali Hill & Francis 1984
No full text361. Gilded Tube-nosed Bat Murina rozendaali French: Murine de Rozendaal / German: Rozendaal-Réhrennase / Spanish: Ratonero narizudo de Rozendaal Taxonomy. Murina rozendaali Hill & Francis, 1984, “Gomantong, Sabah [Borneo], 5°31’ N, 118 04 E).” Phylogenetic relationship of M. rozendaali to other Murina is uncertain, but limited genetic data place it as sister to a clade including M. eleryi, M. balaensis, M. gracilis, and M. recondita. Monotypic. Distribution. Malay Peninsula, lowland Borneo (most records from the N), and S Sumatra (Lampung). Descriptive notes. Head-body 40-4-44- 4 mm, tail 29- 2—41 mm, ear 12- 3-15 mm, hindfoot 7-6-8- 1 mm, forearm 28-335 mm; weight 3-8- 5 g. Fursilky. Dorsal pelage is shiny yellowish brown (hairs with dark brown bases and shiny golden yellowish or golden orange reddish tips); venter is yellowish white, being more orange near chin (hair unicolored). Dorsal pelage extends sparsely onto wings, uropatagium, thumbs, and feet. Face is sparsely haired except for long protuberant naked nostrils. Ears are short, broad, and rounded, with smoothly convex anterior margins, distinct notch on posterior margins, and broadly rounded tips; tragus is long and narrow and tapers toward pointed tip. Wing attaches near base of claw on first toe. Males have very large scrotal gland below penis and additional glands that extend halfway down uropatagium. Skull has slender rostrum and slightly inflated braincase; I? is lateral to I%; C! is twice the height of P*; P* is two-thirds the height of P*; M' and M? have well-developed mesostyles, with slightly convex labial surfaces; and talonids of M| and M, are equal in size to their respective trigonids. Habitat. Mostly lowland evergreen and dipterocarp forests form sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1500 m (most common in lowlands). Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Male Gilded Tube-nosed Bats with enlarged scrotal glands were caught in August—-October. Purpose of these glands is uncertain, but they likely are used for sexual marking. These glands secrete a clear, pungent liquid. Activity patterns. Calls of Gilded Tube-nosed Bats have steep FM sweeps, with average start frequency of 162 kHz (146-182 kHz), end frequency of 42-1 kHz (20-4- 50-6 kHz), peak frequency of 85-4 kHz (63-9-99-7 kHz), and duration of 5-5 milliseconds (3:4-8-9 milliseconds) in Thailand. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Gilded Tube-nosed Bat has been considered to have a limited distribution but has been recently collected from new localities. It appears to be uncommon but is relatively widespread. Bibliography. Francis (1997 2008a), Hill & Francis (1984), Huang, J.C.C. et al. (2014), Hutson & Kingston (2008f), Joann et al. (2011), Masmin et al. (2016), Mohd-Ridwan et al. (2018), Soisook (2013), Soisook, Thaw Win-Naing et al. (2017), Struebig, Bozek et al. (2012), Struebig, Galdikas & Suatma (2006), Struebig, Kingston et al. (2008), Suyanto & Struebig (2007).Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Vespertilionidae, pp. 716-981 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 919, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.639775
