1,720,957 research outputs found
Ogdžyk töd ‘ma väga hästi ei tea’: džyk tegusõnade määraväljendina komi keeles
Full text linkEnamikus uurali keeltest moodustatakse omadus- ja määrsõnade keskvõrret kindla võrdlusliite abil. Näiteks eesti keeles on selleks liiteks -m, nt kiire > kiirem, komi keeles aga -džyk, nt ödjö ’kiire’ > ödjödžyk ’kiirem’. Kui aga eesti keeles piirdub võrdlusliite -m kasutamine omadus- ja määrsõnadega, siis komi keeles võib -džyk liituda veel ka näiteks nimi-, ase- ja tegusõnadega. Sellisel juhul toimib džyk määra väljendava kliitiku ehk elemendina, mis ei märgi ainult võrdlust, vaid tugevdab või intensiivistab selle sõna väljendatavat tähendust. Näiteks sõnaga tödny ’teadma’ võib džyk muuta teadmise kvaliteeti (nt. tödnydžyk ’paremini teadma’). Doktoritöö eesmärk oli välja selgitada ja kirjeldada neid tähendusi, mis võivad komi džyk-il olla siis, kui see liitub tegusõnadega, ning lisaks sellele uurida välja, millist tüüpi tegusõnade ja tegusõnafraasidega džyk liitub, millistega aga mitte. Selle jaoks kasutatakse töös esmalt kvalitatiivseid meetodeid ning analüüsitakse morfosüntaktilist ning semantilist ülesehitust ligi 1100 sellisel ilukirjandusest ja meediast pärit lausel, kus džyk on liitunud tegusõnafraasile. Töö ühe osana viidi komi keele kõnelejate hulgas läbi džyk-i vastuvõetavust hindav küsitluskava, mida analüüsitakse nii kvalitatiivselt kui ka kvantitatiivselt. Näitelausete analüüsist järeldub, et kõige sagedamini on džyk tegusõnade intensiivistaja, mis väljendab tegevuse või seisundi kõrget määra (nt. radejtnydžyk ’rohkem armastama’) või saavutatud tulemuse kõrget ulatust (nt. smelmynydžyk ’julgemaks saama’). Lisaks võib džyk viidata ka tegevuse viisile, täpsemalt tegevuse kvaliteedile (nt. kyvtnydžyk ’paremini ujuma’) või kiirusele (nt. sjurnydžyk ’kiiremini leidma’). Koos eituses tegusõnaga võib džyk väljendada tegevuse mõõdukust, millega näidatakse seda, et tegevus ei õnnestunud täielikult või et seisund ei ole soovikohane (nt. èzdžyk skodit ’päris nagu ei sobi’). Lisaks intensiivsuse ja mõõdukuse väljendamisele on džyk-il ka kvantifitseeriv tähendus, millega viidatakse tegevuse sagedusele või hulgale (nt. vetlynydžyk ’sagedamini/rohkem käima’). Väitekirja teise olulise osana selgus, et džyk-i liitumine tegusõnadega on võrreldav sellega, kuidas kombineeruvad tegusõnadega määramäärused ehk määrsõnad nagu rohkem, palju, jne. Džyk kombineerub seega olukorra muutust märkivate tegusõnadega (nt. raz's'ynydžyk ’rohkem lõdvenema’), kogejategusõnadega (nt. dozmöčynydžyk ’rohkem häirima’), tegevust märkivate tegusõnadega (nt. udžavnydžyk ’rohkem töötama’), aga ka nägemis- ja mõtlemistegusõnadega (nt. tödčynydžyk ’rohkem märkama’). Küsitluskava tulemused näitasid veel, et komi keele kõnelejate jaoks on kõige loomulikum džyk-i esinemine eituses lihttegusõnaga, mis esineb kontekstis, kus on võimalik džyk-i mitmetine tõlgendamine (nt. ogdžyk töd ’ma nii hästi/nii täpselt ei tea’).In the majority of Uralic languages, the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs if formed with the help of a comparative suffix. In Estonian, this suffix comes in the form of -m, e.g. kiire ’fast’ > kiirem ’faster’, while in Komi, the comparative suffix is -džyk, e.g. ödjö ’fast’ > ödjödžyk ’faster’. If in Estonian, the comparative suffix is restricted to adjectives and adverbs, then in Komi, -džyk may also attach to nouns, pronouns, and verbs. In such instances, džyk does not only express comparison, but also strengthens or intensifies the meaning expressed by the modified verb. For example with tödny ‘to know’, džyk strengthens the quality of knowing (tödnydžyk ‘to know better’). The aim of this dissertation was to establish the meanings or reading types that džyk may have, when modifying verb phrases, and also to find out, which kinds of verbs and verb phrases may combine with džyk and which may not. For this purpose, qualitative methods are applied in analysing the morphosyntactic and semantic composition of almost 1100 examples from literature and media containing verb phrases modified by džyk. The second part of the thesis consists of an assessment test carried out among speakers of Komi which aimed to assess the acceptability of džyk. The analysis of the example sentences shows that džyk is first and foremost an intensifier that refers to the high degree of the activity or state (e.g., radejtnydžyk ’to love more’), or the high extent of some achieved result (e.g., smelmynydžyk ’become more brave’). In addition to that, džyk may also refer to the manner of the situation, be it either quality-wise (e.g., kyvtydžyk ‘to swim better’) or tempo-wise (e.g., sjurnydžyk ‘to find faster’). With negated verb phrases, džyk may refer to moderation, which expresses the fact that some situation has not succeeded as intended, or that the ongoing state is not as desired (e.g., èzdžyk skodit ‘does not quite suit’). Besides intensity and moderation, džyk can also quantify verb phrases and express higher frequency or quantity of the activity (e.g., vetlynydžyk ‘go more/more often’). The second important result for this dissertation was that džyk behaves very similarly to other degree expressions that modify verb phrases, i.e. adverbials like more, a lot, etc. According to this finding, džyk combines with change-of-state verbs (e.g., raz's'ynydžyk ‘loosen up more’), experiencer verbs (e.g., dozmöčynydžyk ‘to annoy more’), gradable actions (e.g., udžavnydžyk ‘to work more’), but also with verbs of perception and cognition (e.g., tödčynydžyk ‘notice more’). The results of the assessment test showed that for Komi speakers, džyk is most natural with a simple negated verb that appears in a context that allows for multiple interpretations to džyk’s meaning (e.g., ogdžyk töd ‘I do not really know/I do not know that well’).https://www.ester.ee/record=b552785
Database of sentences with deeply embedded clauses
No full textThe database was compiled for the Estonian Research Council project STP2 “Exploring Deep Clausal Embeddings in Finno-Ugric.” It contains samples of complex sentences with deeply embedded clauses (DECs) from Estonian, Moksha Mordvin, and Komi Zyryan literary languages (fiction and journalese). DECs are clauses embedded within clauses that are themselves embedded. The samples are organized in Excel files, with each row containing a complex sentence in which each DEC and its superordinate clause are annotated for seven variables, described in Variables.docx.Andmebaas koostati Eesti Teadusagentuuri projekti STP2 „Sügavale uputatud kõrvallaused soomeugri keeltes“ jaoks. See sisaldab sügavale uputatud kõrvallausetega liitlausete valimeid eesti, mokša ja sürjakomi kirjakeeltest (proosa ja ajakirjandus). Sügavale uputatud lause on kõrvallause, mille pealause on ise kõrvallause. Valimid on Exceli failide kujul, kus igal real on liitlause, milles iga sügavale uputatud lause ja selle pealause on märgendatud seitsme muutuja järgi, mis on kirjeldatud failis Variables.docx
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Eesti murrete korpus
No full textEesti murrete korpus on kõiki eesti murdeid hõlmav elektrooniline andmekogu. Korpus koosneb helisalvestistest, foneetilises transkriptsioonis murdetekstidest, lihtsustatud transkriptsioonis murdetekstidest, morfoloogiliselt märgendatud tekstidest, süntaktiliselt märgendatud tekstidest ja metaandmetest. Selles repositooriumis on kättesaadavaks tehtud morfoloogiliselt märgendatud tekstid XML-formaadis ja nende põhjal koostatud märksõnade ja sõnaliikide sagedusloendid. Muude korpuse osadega saab tutvuda Tartu Ülikooli eesti murrete ja sugulaskeelte arhiivi kaudu lehel https://murdearhiiv.ut.ee/.The corpus of Estonian dialects is an electronic database comprising data from all Estonian dialects. The corpus consists of audio recordings, dialect texts in phonetic transcription, dialect texts in simplified transcription, morphologically annotated texts, syntactically annotated texts, and metadata. In this repository, only the morphologically annotated texts in XML format along with frequency lists of lemmas and part-of-speech tags are made available. Other parts of the corpus can be accessed through the University of Tartu Archives of Estonian Dialects and Kindred Languages at https://murdearhiiv.ut.ee/
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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