1,721,385 research outputs found
Hypermedia im Umweltschutz: Ein Thema kommt an im Fachausschuss Informatik im Umweltschutz
No full texthttp://enviroinfo.eu/sites/default/files/pdfs/vol106/0002.pd
Intelligent Maps and Information Landscapes. Two New Approaches to Support Search and Retrieval of Environmental Information Objects
No full textIn this paper, we present how two different knowledge retrieval techniques can be applied to improve search and retrieval for environmental information objects. Both approaches have in common that they provide users with as much guidance as possible. Our first approach capitalises on geographical metadata and intelligent maps as retrieval tool. The idea is to start a query with an intelligent map and to systematically narrow the scope of interest by choosing different query parameters. With our second approach we generate information landscapes, i.e. two-dimensional maps to display the results of search queries. In information landscapes documents with similar content are placed closer together, and islands appear where there is a concentration of closely related documents. The paper closes with a comparison of the two approaches and suggestion about when to use which approach.http://enviroinfo.eu/sites/default/files/pdfs/vol106/0134.pd
A Knowledge Infrastructure Hierarchy Model for Call Centre Processes
No full textThis paper explores a process view of call centres and the knowledge infrastructures that support these processes. As Call centres grow and become more complex in their function and organisation so do the knowledge infrastructures required to support their size and complexity. This study suggests a knowledge-based hierarchy of ‘advice-type’ call centres and discusses associated knowledge management strategies for different sized centres. It introduces a Knowledge Infrastructure Hierarchy model, with which it is possible to analyze and classify call centre knowledge infrastructures. The model also demonstrates different types of interventions supporting knowledge management in call centres. Finally the paper discusses the possibilities of applying traditional maturity model approaches in this context
Improving service innovation through structured\ud process-oriented knowledge infrastructure design
No full textFormalised service innovation is a central tenet of enterprise systems lifecycle phases. Event driven process models extended with knowledge objects are found to be not\ud
useful in early lifecycle phases. When an upgrade is required, a map of the knowledge infrastructure is needed to better design further service innovation because functional maps no longer adequately describe the context adequately. By looking at formal changes to business\ud
processes as service innovations, and recognising the knowledge infrastructure inherent in services generally, changes driven through technology such as ES can be better understood with the application of frameworks such as B-KIDE
Content Enrichment of Digital Libraries: Methods, Technologies and Implementations
Get PDFParallel to the establishment of the concept of a "digital library", there have been rapid developments in the fields of semantic technologies, information retrieval and artificial intelligence. The idea is to use make use of these three fields to crosslink bibliographic data, i.e., library content, and to enrich it "intelligently" with additional, especially non-library, information. By linking the contents of a library, it is possible to offer users access to semantically similar contents of different digital libraries. For instance, a list of semantically similar publications from completely different subject areas and from different digital libraries can be made accessible. In addition, the user is able to see a wider profile about authors, enriched with information such as biographical details, name alternatives, images, job titles, institute affiliations, etc. This information comes from a wide variety of sources, most of which are not library sources. In order to make such scenarios a reality, this dissertation follows two approaches.
The first approach is about crosslinking digital library content in order to offer semantically similar publications based on additional information for a publication. Hence, this approach uses publication-related metadata as a basis. The aligned terms between linked open data repositories/thesauri are considered as an important starting point by considering narrower, broader and related concepts through semantic data models such as SKOS. Information retrieval methods are applied to identify publications with high semantic similarity. For this purpose, approaches of vector space models and "word embedding" are applied and analyzed comparatively. The analyses are performed in digital libraries with different thematic focuses (e.g. economy and agriculture). Using machine learning techniques, metadata is enriched, e.g. with synonyms for content keywords, in order to further improve similarity calculations. To ensure quality, the proposed approaches will be analyzed comparatively with different metadata sets, which will be assessed by experts. Through the combination of different information retrieval methods, the quality of the results can be further improved. This is especially true when user interactions offer possibilities for adjusting the search properties.
In the second approach, which this dissertation pursues, author-related data are harvested in order to generate a comprehensive author profile for a digital library. For this purpose, non-library sources, such as linked data repositories (e.g. WIKIDATA) and library sources, such as authority data, are used. If such different sources are used, the disambiguation of author names via the use of already existing persistent identifiers becomes necessary. To this end, we offer an algorithmic approach to disambiguate authors, which makes use of authority data such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF).
Referring to computer sciences, the methodological value of this dissertation lies in the combination of semantic technologies with methods of information retrieval and artificial intelligence to increase the interoperability between digital libraries and between libraries with non-library sources. By positioning this dissertation as an application-oriented contribution to improve the interoperability, two major contributions are made in the context of digital libraries: (1) The retrieval of information from different Digital Libraries can be made possible via a single access. (2) Existing information about authors is collected from different sources and aggregated into one author profile.Parallel zur Etablierung des Konzepts einer „Digitalen Bibliothek“ gab es rasante Weiterentwicklungen in den Bereichen semantischer Technologien, Information Retrieval und künstliche Intelligenz. Die Idee ist es, mit ihrer Hilfe bibliographische Daten, also Inhalte von Bibliotheken, miteinander zu vernetzen und „intelligent“ mit zusätzlichen, insbesondere nicht-bibliothekarischen Informationen anzureichern. Durch die Verknüpfung von Inhalten einer Bibliothek wird es möglich, einen Zugang für Benutzer*innen anzubieten, über den semantisch ähnliche Inhalte unterschiedlicher Digitaler Bibliotheken zugänglich werden. Beispielsweise können hierüber ausgehend von einer bestimmten Publikation eine Liste semantisch ähnlicher Publikationen ggf. aus völlig unterschiedlichen Themenfeldern und aus verschiedenen digitalen Bibliotheken zugänglich gemacht werden. Darüber hinaus können sich Nutzer*innen ein breiteres Autoren-Profil anzeigen lassen, das mit Informationen wie biographischen Angaben, Namensalternativen, Bildern, Berufsbezeichnung, Instituts-Zugehörigkeiten usw. angereichert ist. Diese Informationen kommen aus unterschiedlichsten und in der Regel nicht-bibliothekarischen Quellen. Um derartige Szenarien Realität werden zu lassen, verfolgt diese Dissertation zwei Ansätze.
Der erste Ansatz befasst sich mit der Vernetzung von Inhalten Digitaler Bibliotheken, um auf Basis zusätzlicher Informationen für eine Publikation semantisch ähnliche Publikationen anzubieten. Dieser Ansatz verwendet publikationsbezogene Metadaten als Grundlage. Die verknüpften Begriffe zwischen verlinkten offenen Datenrepositorien/Thesauri werden als wichtiger Angelpunkt betrachtet, indem Unterbegriffe, Oberbegriffe und verwandten Konzepte über semantische Datenmodelle, wie SKOS, berücksichtigt werden. Methoden des Information Retrieval werden angewandt, um v.a. Publikationen mit hoher semantischer Verwandtschaft zu identifizieren. Zu diesem Zweck werden Ansätze des Vektorraummodells und des „Word Embedding“ eingesetzt und vergleichend analysiert. Die Analysen werden in Digitalen Bibliotheken mit unterschiedlichen thematischen Schwerpunkten (z.B. Wirtschaft und Landwirtschaft) durchgeführt. Durch Techniken des maschinellen Lernens werden hierfür Metadaten angereichert, z.B. mit Synonymen für inhaltliche Schlagwörter, um so Ähnlichkeitsberechnungen weiter zu verbessern. Zur Sicherstellung der Qualität werden die beiden Ansätze mit verschiedenen Metadatensätzen vergleichend analysiert wobei die Beurteilung durch Expert*innen erfolgt. Durch die Verknüpfung verschiedener Methoden des Information Retrieval kann die Qualität der Ergebnisse weiter verbessert werden. Dies trifft insbesondere auch dann zu wenn Benutzerinteraktion Möglichkeiten zur Anpassung der Sucheigenschaften bieten.
Im zweiten Ansatz, den diese Dissertation verfolgt, werden autorenbezogene Daten gesammelt, verbunden mit dem Ziel, ein umfassendes Autorenprofil für eine Digitale Bibliothek zu generieren. Für diesen Zweck kommen sowohl nicht-bibliothekarische Quellen, wie Linked Data-Repositorien (z.B. WIKIDATA) und als auch bibliothekarische Quellen, wie Normdatensysteme, zum Einsatz. Wenn solch unterschiedliche Quellen genutzt werden, wird die Disambiguierung von Autorennamen über die Nutzung bereits vorhandener persistenter Identifikatoren erforderlich. Hierfür bietet sich ein algorithmischer Ansatz für die Disambiguierung von Autoren an, der Normdaten, wie die des Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) nachnutzt.
Mit Bezug zur Informatik liegt der methodische Wert dieser Dissertation in der Kombination von semantischen Technologien mit Verfahren des Information Retrievals und der künstlichen Intelligenz zur Erhöhung von Interoperabilität zwischen Digitalen Bibliotheken und zwischen Bibliotheken und nicht-bibliothekarischen Quellen. Mit der Positionierung dieser Dissertation als anwendungsorientierter Beitrag zur Verbesserung von Interoperabilität werden zwei wesentliche Beiträge im Kontext Digitaler Bibliotheken geleistet: (1) Die Recherche nach Informationen aus unterschiedlichen Digitalen Bibliotheken kann über einen Zugang ermöglicht werden. (2) Vorhandene Informationen über Autor*innen werden aus unterschiedlichsten Quellen eingesammelt und zu einem Autorenprofil aggregiert
The UDK Web Editor – A Collaborative Tool for Environmental Information Management
No full textThe European Directive on Public Access to Environmental Information (2003/4/EC) [1] requires EU Member States to actively disseminate environmental information to the public. To implement Directive 2003/4/EC, the Ministry of Environment of the State of Lower Saxony (MELS) has produced an organizational and technical model to supply relevant environmental information on time and in an up-to-date status. The main strategy is to register all environmental information available in the MELS business division that complys with the mandatory core of information specified in the directive’s article 7. This information is catalogued in the State’s environmental information catalogue system and assigned an expiration date. An Editing System has been developed on the basis of the collaboration platform MERMIG, enabling the maintenance of the catalogue through the use of a standard web browser. Furthermore, the system keeps tab on the information objects and notifies the object’s author to review the information object after the expiration date has passed. In this way the State of Lower Saxony complies with the proactive tenor of the directive and ensures to have at any time control on the state of the environmental information available. On a second level, MELS works on making all environmental information available through the ministries internet portal.http://enviroinfo.eu/sites/default/files/pdfs/vol114/0265.pd
J.UCS Special Issue:I-Know 03 - Hot Spots in Knowledge Management
No full textThe increasing complexity of both the environment in which companies operate and of their internal workings combined with an increasingly high pressure for innovation make knowledge and its efficient management central to business success today. The management of knowledge is more than directly managing knowledge as a resource. It is more concerned with providing knowledge-friendly environments in which knowledge can flourish and develop. The development of such environments can be addressed from many different perspectives, which makes knowledge management a very interdisciplinary field of research. It concerns human resources management, organizational development and information technology management to mention just the three most important fields. This special issue on hot spots in knowledge management offers the reader a broad overview of the leading edge developments, technologies and applications in knowledge management. The issue serves two distinct purposes: (1) It may help shaping the reader s thinking in the way required for a successful implementation of knowledge management in an organization, (2) it may serve as a stimulus for the reader s research in knowledge management. The following 13 papers fall in four categories: Knowledge Management in Business Knowledge Mining Knowledge Representation Convergence of Knowledge Management with other Domains The first category - knowledge management in business - addresses knowledge management from a more business-oriented perspective. In more detail, the papers of this group address the following topics: Peter Schuett from IBM Stuttgart (Germany) presents in his paper The post-Nonaka Knowledge Management a new generation of knowledge management that can be divided in three categories (1) processes, (2) organization and culture, and (3) information technology. The objective of the paper is to provide solutions for increasing the productivity of knowledge workers through knowledge management. He argues that in order to increase productivity we need to understand the work environment of knowledge workers. To provide guidance, P. Schuett identifies 11 factors which help understanding and improving a knowledge worker s environment. This factors fall in the following three groups work processes, organisation and culture, and information technology. Klaus North and Tina Hornung from the University of Applied Sciences in Wiesbaden (Germany) entitled their paper The Benefits of Knowledge Management - Results from the German award _Knowledge Manager 2002_. Based on the evaluation of almost 40 companies the authors present which added-value and benefit knowledge management can generate. The benefits are grouped in the following five perspectives: learn and growth, business processes, customer satisfaction, financial results, and employee satisfaction. The results of the study revealed that knowledge management can generate the highest benefit in business processes (e.g. acceleration and higher transparency), customer satisfaction (e.g. better response times), and employee satisfaction (e.g. improved team work and increased motivation). The paper Managing Operation Knowledge for the Metal Industry written by Sheng-Tun Li and Huang-Chih Hseih from the National Kaohsiung First University of Science Technology (Taiwan) presents a three-stage life cycle for the ontology design. The application of the resulting ontology in a metal industry company proves the effectiveness and efficiency of their approach. In their paper Filters in the Strategy Formulation Process Leena Ilmola and Anna Kotsalo-Mustonen from Helsinki University of Technology (Finland) present a new software tool supporting strategy formulation processes. Based on three different types of filters that hinder effective knowledge flows in companies a software tool is introduced that helps overcome these filters. Matteo Bonifacio and Alessandra Molani from University of Trento (Italy) are the authors of the paper The Richness of Diversity in Knowledge Creation: an Interdisciplinary Overview. They propose theoretical, practical and technological arguments supporting a distributed approach to knowledge management. Knowledge diversity in theory, practice, and technology is considered an important source of value for the approach of the authors. The last paper in this category has the title SCBS Social Capital Benchmarking System Profiting from Social Capital when Building Network Organisations. Jos_ Mar_a Viedma from Polytechnic University of Catalonia (Spain) argues that the competitive advantage of a company does not only rely on a company s internal intellectual capital but also on the external intellectual capital of other companies, organisations and institutions. The author presents a social capital benchmarking system which serves as a new management method and a new management tool which identifies, audits and benchmarks the resources and capabilities existing in cluster organisations. Knowledge mining including retrieval, classification and discovery constitutes another main stream in knowledge management. The papers of this second category address the following topics: The paper Unified Access to Heterogeneous Audiovisual Archives is written by Y. Avrithis, G. Stamou, and M. Wallace from National Technical University of Athens (Greece), F. Marques, P. Salembier, X Giro from Technical University of Catalonia (Spain) and W. Haas, H. Vallant, M. Zufferey from Joanneum Research (Austria). The authors present an integrated information system that offers enhanced search and retrieval capabilities to users of heterogeneous digital audio-visual archives. The idea is to extract semantic information from audio/video and text data taking into account context information of a user. Pruning-based Identification of Domain Ontologies is the title of a paper co-authored by Raphael Volz, Rudi Studer, and Alexander Maedche from FZI Research Center for Information Technologies (Germany) and Boris Lauser from FAO of the UN (Italy). This paper introduces a new pruning-based approach of extracting a domain ontology from large-scale thesauri. In this context pruning presents a completely automatic bootstrapping approach for ontology development. The aim of pruning is to automatically extract from an existing vocabulary a subset of the conceptualization which is relevant to the target domain. In a later stage, the automatically identified initial domain ontology can easily be refined by experts. Christian Biemann, Uwe Quasthoff, Karsten Boehm from University of Leipzig (Germany) and Christian Wolff from Chemnitz University of Technology (Germany) are the authors of the paper Automatic Discovery and Aggregation of Compound Names for the Use in Knowledge Representations. They argue that the treatment of multiword terms as single semantic entities is an inherent problem of automatic acquisition of information structures (e.g. Topic Maps). As a solution to this problem the authors present a method for learning multiword terms from large text corpora. The following two papers belong to an evergreen category in knowledge management, namely knowledge representation. Kai Mertins, Peter Heisig, and Kay Alwert from Fraunhofer IPK (Germany) are the authors of the paper Process Oriented Knowledge Structuring. The paper presents three different types of knowledge structures and their visualization (e.g., Topic Maps, Knowledge Navigator) which support the structuring and maintenance of complex knowledge bases. Towards the Semantic Grid: Putting Knowledge to Work in Design Optimisation is a paper authored by Fang Tao, Liming Chen, Nigel Shadbolt, Graeme Pound and Simon Cox from the University of Southampton (UK). They present a knowledge-based approach which uses existing sources to acquire knowledge needed for engineering design search and optimization. In order to reuse this knowledge and to provide guidance at knowledge intensive points, a knowledge advisor is proposed. This advisor gives a context-aware critique to guide users through effective operations of building domain workflows. The last paper category - convergence of knowledge management with other domains - reflects signals indicating that research of other domains converges with research in knowledge management. Such converging fields include problem solving, eLearning, linguistics etc. The paper Knowledge Management for Computational Problem Solving written by D.T. Lee, G.C. Lee and Y.W. Huang from Academia Sinica (Taiwan) argues that algorithmic research is an established knowledge engineering process allowing researchers to identify significant problems, to better understand existing approaches and to obtain new, effective and efficient solutions. To support researchers in this process a problem-centred collaborative knowledge management architecture associated with computational problem solving is presented. Lilia Efimova and Janine Swaak from the Telematica Instituut (The Netherlands) discuss in their paper entitled Converging Knowledge Management, Training and e-Learning: Scenarios to Make it Work the added value of using knowledge management methods to support human resource learning management efforts and vice versa of using human resource training instruments to support knowledge management. Examples for existing practices of joint work include linking communities of practice and formal learning programmes or fostering the cooperation between a Chief Knowledge Officer and Human Resource teams. I hope that the broad variety of 13 contributions provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the most intriguing hot spots in knowledge management in 2003. Graz, July 2003 Klaus Tochtermann Know-Center, Gra
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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