1,720,967 research outputs found
Symbolism in Czech and Polish somatic phraseological units with lexemes sluch/słuch [hearing] and ucho [ear] and their mutual equivalence
No full textThe use of names of senses and sense organs as a basic component of so-called somatisms, i.e. phraseological units referring to human (animal) body/organism and its functions has a long history which goes back to ancient times. As a linguist and a Slavic studies specialist, the author of this article examines the fact that such phraseological expressions exist in closely related languages and investigates the issue of their equivalence – their mutual translatability. Phraseological expressions play an essential role in the teaching of Czech or Polish and in the work of translators of these languages, since learning, active knowledge and awareness of the content of rich phraseology, which has great semantic significance, are equally important as the knowledge of the vocabulary. In the course of the investigation, the author of this article indicates the meaning, sense and symbolism of hearing and ear in world cultures, excerpts 61 (7+54) Czech and Polish phrasemes and 6 proverbs containing these lexemes from available 'classic' dictionaries in which the particular sense sluch/słuch [hearing] and sense organ ucho [ear] make the main entry, orders and compares them in terms of equivalence, and presents the quantitative statistical data by means of three graphs.The use of names of senses and sense organs as a basic component of so-called somatisms, i.e. phraseological units referring to human (animal) body/organism and its functions has a long history which goes back to ancient times. As a linguist and a Slavic studies specialist, the author of this article examines the fact that such phraseological expressions exist in closely related languages and investigates the issue of their equivalence – their mutual translatability. Phraseological expressions play an essential role in the teaching of Czech or Polish and in the work of translators of these languages, since learning, active knowledge and awareness of the content of rich phraseology, which has great semantic significance, are equally important as the knowledge of the vocabulary. In the course of the investigation, the author of this article indicates the meaning, sense and symbolism of hearing and ear in world cultures, excerpts 61 (7+54) Czech and Polish phrasemes and 6 proverbs containing these lexemes from available 'classic' dictionaries in which the particular sense sluch/słuch [hearing] and sense organ ucho [ear] make the main entry, orders and compares them in terms of equivalence, and presents the quantitative statistical data by means of three graphs
Lexemes čich/węch [smell] and nos [nose] in Czech and Polish somatic phraseological units and theirs symbolism and mutual equivalence
No full textThe use of names of senses and sense organs as a basic component of so-called somatisms, i.e. phraseological units referring to human (animal) body/organism and its functions has a long history which goes back to ancient times. As a linguist and a Slavic studies specialist, the author of this article examines the fact that such phraseological expressions exist in closely related languages and investigates the issue of their equivalence – their mutual translatability. Phraseological expressions play an essential role in the teaching of Czech or Polish and in the work of translators of these languages, since learning, active knowledge and awareness of the content of rich phraseology, which has great semantic significance, are equally important as the knowledge of the vocabulary. In the course of the investigation, the author of this article indicates the meaning, sense and symbolism of taste and the tongue in world cultures, excerpts 65 (4+61) Czech and Polish
phrasemes and only 1 proverb containing these lexemes from available ‘classic’ dictionaries in which the particular sense čich/węch [smell] and sense organ nos [nose] make the main entry, orders and compares them in terms of equivalence, and presents the quantitative statistical data and the typology by means of three graphs
"Krzyk ulicy" : kilka uwag o nazwach prywatnych sklepów w Pradze
Get PDFThe author first analyses the formal and functional demands of a „good shop sign” — an
optimum trade name. The theoretical introduction is followed by the linguistic analysis (orthographic, lexico-semantic and stylistic) of the names of private shops in Prague in the beginning of the 1990s, both those noted down by the author and taken from other sources (approximately 1000 shop signs). Extensively illustrated with examples, the considerations concentrate on the origin and the meaning of a given name (foreign language), the onomassiological motivations and the stylistic characteristic of shop signs (emotional markedness). The paper ends with statistical information and a remark on spelling mistakes noticed in the shop signs
Czechoslovakism against the linguistic background of the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938)
No full textOn 28 October 1918, Czechoslovakia, one of the new countries on the map of Central Europe, appeared. It was a common republic of two nations, being a true implementation of the somewhat idealistic idea of Czechoslovakism — an optional combination of Czechs and Slovaks within one country and Czechoslovakian divided into two language ‘branches’ Czech and Slovak. In the centenary of Czechoslovakia the author describes the initial (ethnic) conditions and the state of the Czech language in ‘the first’ 20 years (1918–1938) as well as the development and modernization of modern Czech in the field of lexis, grammar solutions, the style, and artistry of Czech literature. He also mentions the timeless scientific and theoretical initiatives (e.g. Prague Linguistic Circle) which the Czech-Slovak linguistic achievements have raised to a global level
Ottuv slovnik naucny na tle czeskiej tradycji leksykograficznej : encyklopedia - twórcy - język
Get PDFOttův slovník naučný [J. Otto’s Scientific Dictionary] (OSN, 1888–1909) and its continuation
– the unfinished Ottův slovník naučný nové doby [J. Otto’s Scientific Dictionary of the
New Era] (OSNND, 1930–1943) is one of the most prominent works of not only Czech
and Czechoslovak encyclopaedic lexicography, but also an outstanding lexicographic
enterprise of modern European encyclopaedic studies. At the same time, it is also “the
mother of all books” or a master book not only for almost every educated Czech who
reaches for it while seeking or verifying his or her own knowledge, but also for each
Slavist – and especially so for a Czech, Slovak or even Polish philologist. This book is
an item which cannot be missing from any reference library, as not many nations can
pride themselves on such a multidimensional and reliable source of knowledge about
the Slavs and (not only) Slavonic Europe at the turn of the 19th and 20th century and
in the interwar period. The author of this study considers it to be not only a “national
Czech encyclopaedia”, but also a precious lexicographic work documenting the state
of the Czech language of that time which was so deeply influenced by the magnificent
Slavic and Czech National Revival at the turn of the 19th and 20th century.
This book, dedicated to Czech encyclopaedic traditions and Jan Otto’s Scientific Dictionary,
consists of six parts: an introduction, 4 substantive parts (or chapters) and
an ending which comprises a summary and conclusions. In the first chapter entitled
Prologue the author mentions the conceptual apparatus and lexicographic terminology
which he will use throughout the book, gives definitions of a dictionary and an encyclopaedia
(lexicon) and then enlarges in detail on what characterises encyclopaedia as
a specific kind of dictionary. In the same chapter one can also find an outline of European
encyclopaedic studies with special emphasis laid on Slavonic input, as well as
a table which systemises the greatest national encyclopaedias. The second chapter entitled
Czech and Czechoslovak Encyclopaedic Works forms a historic survey of lexicographic
traditions of this kind on Czech soil, dividing it into three eras: 1) encyclopaedic works
until the 18th century, 2) modern Czech and Czechoslovak encyclopaedic studies of the
19th and 20th century, 3) contemporary Czech encyclopaedias. In each subchapter the
author elaborates on the most significant publications of this kind and gives characteristics
of the Czech Wikipedia, comparing it to its Polish equivalents. He also quotes some statistics concerning these lexicons. The third chapter entitled Ottův slovník
naučný as a Czech national encyclopaedia is entirely devoted to this particular work, its
authors and relevant titbits of knowledge; it describes the principles and history of this
momentous encyclopaedic project, its two subsequent editions (OSN and OSNND) and
the difficult time OSNND went through during World War II (Protectorate of Bohemia
and Moravia) and right after it. Finally, the chapter characterises the importance of the
dictionary to Czech intellectual culture. The forth chapter of the monograph entitled
Lexicographic and Linguistic Characteristics of OSN and OSNND gives a description of the
dictionaries with special emphasis put on the macro‑and microstructure of J. Otto’s Scientific
Dictionary and Slavic idioms (loanwords from other Slavic languages); here one
can also find some information relative to the historical, linguistic and sociolinguistic
background which influenced OSN and OSNND, as well as the stylistic characteristics
of the work. The last part, Summary and Conclusions, concisely encapsulates the
author’s research. The monograph ends with supplementary, technical and illustrative
annotations: a bibliography, a Czech and English summary and an appendix containing
illustrations (photos, scans and duplicates of original documents)
Czeska reklama telewizyjna i jej język
Get PDFThe role of free mass media has increased significantly in the last years both in Poland and
in the Czech Republic. Publicators have become a sort of “fourth governing institution” which
keeps a watchful eye on democratic procedures in modern societies by providing reliable information
and education; also, by denouncing sociopolitical and economic corruption practices.
In free-market economies, media information also has money equivalent. Since consumers find
TV commercials attractive, manufactures use them as a most effective tool to propagate and promote
goods, services, and behaviour types. TV commercials assume various forms, and can bear
effects in very many different ways. A microact of communication, i.e., message conveyance by
TV commercials, is a multi-level psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic complex of specific qualities
and functions — undoubtely intriguing as an investigation subject.
Czeska reklama telewizyjna i jej język (Czech TV Commercials and their Language) is an
extensive monograph of high sociolinguistic value, based on investigations and observation of
Czech mass media and reality that the author has made during the last decade. Particular chapters
present not only a psycho- and socioanalysis of the texts used in Czech TV commercials, but also
an outline of TV history in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic (including complicated transformations
following the break-up of Czechoslovakia in 1993). Characteristics of the present day
Czech TV commercials market and its specific features has been given with facts being supported
by statistical data gathered by prestigious public opinion research institutes. The lexis, style,
syntax and statistics of self-collected linguistic material were all analysed. Presented linguistic
phenomena have been illustrated using adequate examples (especially commercial slogans) from
over 200 TV commercials spots emitted on public CT, and commercial TV stations TV NOVA
and Prima TV. The monograph ends with accurate and detailed conclusions and comment.
The monograph presents clear and thorough analysis of its subject matter enriched with the
author’s commentary concerning Czech mass media reality, Czech and Czechoslovakian history,
and relevant graphic representations (diagrams, graphs, tables, figures), which make it even
more attractive for readers. The language of Czech TV commercials at the turn of the XXth century
is well-documented. All in all, the monograph will certainly prove a useful source of knowledge
for Slavists, Bohemists, journalists, media specialists, commercials producers, and other interested
in a specific aspect of Czech culture, namely, its „applied” character
Idiolekt Józefa Szwejka?
No full textThis article, written by a Bohemist and linguist, explores selected linguistic, literary, and cultural aspects of The Good Soldier Švejk (originally Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války) by Jaroslav Hašek—a seminal anti-war and anti-militarist novel. Particular attention is devoted to the Czech language as used in the narrative, especially the speech of the narrator and the protagonist, Josef Švejk. The author also examines the challenges of translating the novel into Polish, using three previous translations as case studies. The article aims to determine whether Švejk's idiolect can be seen as a distinct literary construct, identifying its key linguistic features and discussing its role as an individualized form of human expression.Artykuł ten, napisany przez bohemistę i lingwistę, analizuje wybrane aspekty językowe, literackie i kulturowe powieści Przygody dobrego wojaka Szwejka podczas wojny światowej (oryginalny tytuł: Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války) autorstwa Jarosława Haszka – przełomowej powieści antywojennej i antymilitarystycznej. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono językowi czeskiemu używanemu w narracji, zwłaszcza mowie narratora i głównego bohatera, Józefa Szwejka. Autor analizuje również wyzwania związane z przekładem powieści na język polski, wykorzystując trzy wcześniejsze tłumaczenia jako studia przypadków. Artykuł ma na celu ustalenie, czy idiolekt Szwejka można uznać za odrębną konstrukcję literacką, identyfikując jego kluczowe cechy językowe i omawiając jego rolę jako zindywidualizowanej formy ludzkiej ekspresji
"Accretion of the city" on the basis of prague. The phenomenon and dynamism of the Czech capital city in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century
No full textPraga (cz. Praha) to w opinii wielu miasto niezwykłe, magiczne i klimatyczne,
o niesamowitym genius loci. To nie tylko legendarna czeska stolica, piękna
„Złota Praga” pełna urokliwych zaułków i imponujących zabytków, które powstały
w ciągu dziesięciu wieków jej „trwania i narastania”. Współczesna Praga to prężny
środkowoeuropejski ośrodek polityczny, administracyjny, ekonomiczno-biznesowy
(przemysłowy, handlowy i usługowy) oraz naukowy i akademicki, jak również kulturalny
i turystyczny o znaczeniu międzynarodowym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie
fenomenu Pragi jako „magicznego miasta” o zachowanej tysiącletniej tkance
miejskiej; będzie w nim mowa o „narastanie miasta” oraz jego dynamizmie cywilizacyjnym
XIX i pierwszej połowy XX w., mających niejednokrotnie swe praprzyczyny
w niezwykłej historii czeskiej metropolii, a także w jego otwartości na przybyszów.Prague (Praha) is widely regarded as an amazing, magical city with lots of
ambience and of extraordinary genius loci. It is not only the legendary Czech capital city
or gorgeous „Golden Prague” abounding in charming lanes and impressive sights which come from ten centuries of continuance and accretion. Modern Prague is indeed a major
Central European political, administrative, business and economic (industrial, commercial
or service) centre with cultural and tourist attractions of international importance.
This paper seeks to explore the remarkable phenomenon of Prague as a magical city with
its preserved thousand-year-old urban fabric; addressing the issue of the accretion of the
city and its civilizational dynamism and growth of the 19th and the first half of the 20th
century frequently triggered by the stormy yet marvellous history of the Czech metropolis
and its openness to newcomers
Mental and Linguistic “Image of the Neighbour” and Its Reflection in Polish-Czech and Czech-Polish Linguistic Stereotypes
No full textStereotypes, including national ones, have been thoroughly researched in terms of psychology, sociology, history and politics, and also go in-depth through culture with its ethnography, literature and language. The beginning of studies into stereotypes dates back to the 1920s. The following study presents Polish-Czech and Czech-Polish stereotypes as historical, cultural and linguistic phenomena, and it also characterises understanding of one another’s language amongst Slavs? Then a theoretical matter is considered, that of false lexical items, to finally arrive at the appearance of hetero-stereotypes. The “false mirror” of
language is universal: for the average Pole the language of the “brothers” from the south has made the Poles laugh in the past and it still does. It is of interest that, for the Czechs the Polish language is a source of amusement as well. There is a belief that the Czech language sounds like old Polish, and a more widespread view that Czech is a language of children, for the Czechs speak using diminutives. Poles on the other hand are said to speak through their noses, or to speak like geese as a result of the Polish vocalic system
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