1,721,341 research outputs found
Mobile multimedia : user and technology perspectives
No full textAs multimedia-enabled mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets are becoming the day-to-day computing device of choice for users of all ages, everyone expects that all mobile multimedia applications and services should be as smooth and as high-quality as the desktop experience. The grand challenge in delivering multimedia to mobile devices using the Internet is to ensure the quality of experience that meets the users' expectations, within reasonable costs, while supporting heterogeneous platforms and wireless network conditions. This book aims to provide a holistic overview of the current and future technologies used for delivering high-quality mobile multimedia applications, while focusing on user experience as the key requirement. The book opens with a section dealing with the challenges in mobile video delivery as one of the most bandwidth-intensive media that requires smooth streaming and a user-centric strategy to ensure quality of experience. The second section addresses this challenge by introducing some important concepts for future mobile multimedia coding and the network technologies to deliver quality services. The last section combines the user and technology perspectives by demonstrating how user experience can be measured using case studies on urban community interfaces and Internet telephones
User-centred study on quality of mobile video services
No full textMobile video, as an emerging market and a promising research field, has attracted much attention from both industry and researchers. Considering the quality of user-experience as the crux of mobile video services, this chapter aims to provide a guide to user-centered studies of mobile video quality. This will benefit future research in better understanding user needs and experiences, designing effective research, and providing solid solutions to improve the quality of mobile video. This chapter is organized in three main parts: \ud
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(1) a review of recent user studies from the perspectives of research focuses, user study methods, and data analysis methods;\ud
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(2) an example of conducting a user study of mobile video research, together with the discussion on a series of relative issues, such as participants, materials and devices, study procedure, and analysis results, and; \ud
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(3) a conclusion with an open discussion about challenges and opportunities in mobile video related research, and associated potential future improvements
Designing and evaluating mobile multimedia user experiences in public urban places : Making sense of the field
Get PDFThe majority of the world’s population now lives in cities (United Nations, 2008) resulting in an urban densification requiring people to live in closer proximity and share urban infrastructure such as streets, public transport, and parks within cities. However, “physical closeness does not mean social closeness” (Wellman, 2001, p. 234). Whereas it is a common practice to greet and chat with people you cross paths with in smaller villages, urban life is mainly anonymous and does not automatically come with a sense of community per se. Wellman (2001, p. 228) defines community “as networks of interpersonal ties that provide sociability, support, information, a sense of belonging and social identity.” \ud
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While on the move or during leisure time, urban dwellers use their interactive information communication technology (ICT) devices to connect to their spatially distributed community while in an anonymous space. Putnam (1995) argues that available technology privatises and individualises the leisure time of urban dwellers. Furthermore, ICT is sometimes used to build a “cocoon” while in public to avoid direct contact with collocated people (Mainwaring et al., 2005; Bassoli et al., 2007; Crawford, 2008). Instead of using ICT devices to seclude oneself from the surrounding urban environment and the collocated people within, such devices could also be utilised to engage urban dwellers more with the urban environment and the urban dwellers within. \ud
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Urban sociologists found that “what attracts people most, it would appear, is other people” (Whyte, 1980, p. 19) and “people and human activity are the greatest object of attention and interest” (Gehl, 1987, p. 31). On the other hand, sociologist Erving Goffman describes the concept of civil inattention, acknowledging strangers’ presence while in public but not interacting with them (Goffman, 1966). With this in mind, it appears that there is a contradiction between how people are using ICT in urban public places and for what reasons and how people use public urban places and how they behave and react to other collocated people. On the other hand there is an opportunity to employ ICT to create and influence experiences of people collocated in public urban places.\ud
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The widespread use of location aware mobile devices equipped with Internet access is creating networked localities, a digital layer of geo-coded information on top of the physical world (Gordon & de Souza e Silva, 2011). Foursquare.com is an example of a location based 118 Mobile Multimedia – User and Technology Perspectives social network (LBSN) that enables urban dwellers to virtually check-in into places at which they are physically present in an urban space. Users compete over ‘mayorships’ of places with Foursquare friends as well as strangers and can share recommendations about the space. \ud
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The research field of Urban Informatics is interested in these kinds of digital urban multimedia augmentations and how such augmentations, mediated through technology, can create or influence the UX of public urban places. “Urban informatics is the study, design, and practice of urban experiences across different urban contexts that are created by new opportunities of real-time, ubiquitous technology and the augmentation that mediates the physical and digital layers of people networks and urban infrastructures” (Foth et al., 2011, p. 4). One possibility to augment the urban space is to enable citizens to digitally interact with spaces and urban dwellers collocated in the past, present, and future. “Adding digital layer to the existing physical and social layers could facilitate new forms of interaction that reshape urban life” (Kjeldskov & Paay, 2006, p. 60). \ud
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This methodological chapter investigates how the design of UX through such digital placebased mobile multimedia augmentations can be guided and evaluated. First, we describe three different applications that aim to create and influence the urban UX through mobile mediated interactions. Based on a review of literature, we describe how our integrated framework for designing and evaluating urban informatics experiences has been constructed. We conclude the chapter with a reflective discussion on the proposed framework
Understanding user experience of mobile video : framework, measurement, and optimization
Get PDFSince users have become the focus of product/service design in last decade, the term User eXperience (UX) has been frequently used in the field of Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI). Research on UX facilitates a better understanding of the various aspects of the user’s interaction with the product or service. Mobile video, as a new and promising service and research field, has attracted great attention. Due to the significance of UX in the success of mobile video (Jordan, 2002), many researchers have centered on this area, examining users’ expectations, motivations, requirements, and usage context. As a result, many influencing factors have been explored (Buchinger, Kriglstein, Brandt & Hlavacs, 2011; Buchinger, Kriglstein & Hlavacs, 2009). However, a general framework for specific mobile video service is lacking for structuring such a great number of factors.\ud
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To measure user experience of multimedia services such as mobile video, quality of experience (QoE) has recently become a prominent concept. In contrast to the traditionally used concept quality of service (QoS), QoE not only involves objectively measuring the delivered service but also takes into account user’s needs and desires when using the service, emphasizing the user’s overall acceptability on the service. Many QoE metrics are able to estimate the user perceived quality or acceptability of mobile video, but may be not enough accurate for the overall UX prediction due to the complexity of UX. Only a few frameworks of QoE have addressed more aspects of UX for mobile multimedia applications but need be transformed into practical measures. The challenge of optimizing UX remains adaptations to the resource constrains (e.g., network conditions, mobile device capabilities, and heterogeneous usage contexts) as well as meeting complicated user requirements (e.g., usage purposes and personal preferences).\ud
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In this chapter, we investigate the existing important UX frameworks, compare their similarities and discuss some important features that fit in the mobile video service. Based on the previous research, we propose a simple UX framework for mobile video application by mapping a variety of influencing factors of UX upon a typical mobile video delivery system. Each component and its factors are explored with comprehensive literature reviews. The proposed framework may benefit in user-centred design of mobile video through taking a complete consideration of UX influences and in improvement of mobile videoservice quality by adjusting the values of certain factors to produce a positive user experience. It may also facilitate relative research in the way of locating important issues to study, clarifying research scopes, and setting up proper study procedures.\ud
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We then review a great deal of research on UX measurement, including QoE metrics and QoE frameworks of mobile multimedia. Finally, we discuss how to achieve an optimal quality of user experience by focusing on the issues of various aspects of UX of mobile video. In the conclusion, we suggest some open issues for future study
Villages and Peasant Households under Development: Contextualizing S.M.P. Tjondronegoro\u27s Concept about Sodality in Agroecology
Get PDFArtikel ini berupaya mengkontekstualisasikan pemikiran S.M.P. Tjondronegoro mengenai organisasi sosial pedesaan di bawah pembangunan. Kerangka pemikiran yang digunakan oleh Tjondronegoro memungkinkan dibukanya kembali diskusi mengenai desa di satu sisi dan petani dari sudut pandang teori ekonomi rumah tangga petani di sisi lain. Pertanyaan sentral dari diskusi ini masih sama dengan perhatian Tjondronegoro sebelumnya, yaitu mengenai partisipasi masyarakat pedesaan di bawah pembangunan. Diskusi dari kedua pendekatan ini menyentuh teori dasar yang memungkinkan melihat partisipasi dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Dengan menggunakan konsep sodality sebagai ruang mediasi kultural di mana agroekologi budaya dilihat sebagai representasi dari agensi serta tindakan petani, persoalan partisipasi dalam pembangunan pedesaan dapat dilihat secara lebih luas. Upaya ini memungkinkan pemikiran Tjondronegoro itu diletakkan di dalam spektrum ilmu pengetahuan serta gerakan agroekologi.This article attempts to contextualize the concept brought forward by S.M.P. Tjondronegoro regarding rural social organization under development. The framework used by Tjondronegoro makes it possible to re-open the discussion on villages and peasants from the point of view of peasant household economic theory. The central question of this discussion remains similar to Tjondronegoro\u27s previous concern, such as the participation of rural communities under development. These two approaches touch the basic theory that views participation from different angles. By using the concept of sodality as a cultural mediation space, where cultural agroecology is seen as a representation of the agency and actions of peasants, the issue of participation in rural development can be seen more broadly. This effort places Tjondronegoro\u27s concept within the spectrum of agroecological science and movement
Modernisasi Pedesaan: Pilihan Strategi Dasar Menuju Fase Lepas Landas ?
Get PDFSalah satu tulisan Prof. Sediono MP. Tjondronegoro yang dimuat majalah Prisma No. 3 April 1978 Tahun VII
Sodality Search Its Own Path: A Half Century of Sediono M.P. Tjondronegoro\u27s Intellectual Legacy
Get PDFReview atas artikel-artikel di edisi khusus yang didedikasikan untuk Prof. S.M.P. Tjondronegoro ini memusatkan perhatian pada empat subyek. Pertama, mengenai kecenderungan dari artikel-artikel ini untuk memfokuskan pada konsep sodality yang dianggap paling mewakili pandangan Tjondronegoro, dan dengan begitu mengesampingkan arena-arena lain kepedulian intelektual Tjondronegoro. Pertanyaan mengapa kecenderungan ini terjadi merupakan subjek kedua dari review ini, yaitu perihal pemaknaan para penulis atas sodality. Konsep ini dimaknai sebagaimana narasinya yang paling eksplisit, yaitu unit sosial territorial di pedesaan yang paling kecil di atas unit rumah tangga. Namun, pemaknaaan ini mengesampingkan aspek-aspek yang memberikan sodality ciri sebagai kelas sosial bawah di pedesaan, serta kontradiksinya dengan “Desa” yang diasosiasikan Tjondronegaro sebagai kelas atas di pedesaan. Aspek kelas sosial ini dinarasikan dengan hati-hati oleh Tjondronegoro, namunnya bukannya tidak jelas sama sekali. Subjek ketiga dari review ini adalah keberadaan ssodaliti lima puluh tahun setelah konsep ini dilansir Tjondronegoro. Ketika dominasi “Desa” hampir sempurna dan menjangkau unit-unit teritorial terkecil di pedesaan, apa yang terjadi dengan sodality sebagai konsep analisa? Subjek terakhir adalah sodality dalam kerangka masyarakat Indonesia lebih luas, yakni bagaimana menempatkan konsep ini pada beberapa masyarakat di luar Jawa yang organisasi sosialnya dari tingkat bawah sampai atas berdasarkan prinsip kekerabatan? Salah satu persoalan krusial yang mendasari semua artikel di edisi khusus ini adalah apakah sodality merupakan ciri yang intrinsik dari masyarakat Indonesia? Ataukah sodality justru merupakan suatu ciri yang harus dicari dan dibangun serta dapat mengalami erosi dan disintegrasi?The present review on articles published in this special edition dedicated to Prof. S.M.P. Tjondronegoro focuses on four subject matters. First, on the overall tendency of the articles to focus on the concept sodality and to overlook other intellectual concerns of Tjondronegoro. The second subject deals with the question of why the overwhelming focus of the articles revolves around this concept and this has to do with the understanding of the sodality itself. This concept has been perceived in its most explicit meaning, namely as the smallest territory-based social unit above the household. This understanding ignores the social class aspect of sodality, and the contradiction between the “Desa” which represents the upper class and sodalities which represent the under class at the countryside. This notion of social class was narrated cautiously but by no means unclear by Tjondronegoro. The third subject is on the existence of sodality fifty years after it was firstly launced by Tjondronegoro when the domination of the “Desa” is almost complete, and the status of sodality as analytical concept is questioned. The last subject is on sodality within the broader Indonesian society: how to place sodality in some societies organized dominantly by kinship-based social organizations, predominantly outside Java? One crucial, underlying question run throughout these articles is wether sodality is an intrinsic character of small social units in the Indonesian countryside; or is it something that has to be looked for, developed, and subject to erosion and disintegration
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