1,721,116 research outputs found
Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in animals: Global characterization and evolution from 2006 to 2019
Full text linkThis study describes the global distribution and temporal evolution of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) during the period 2006–2019, using the information officially reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) by the National Veterinary Services of 210 countries. Eight per cent (CI 95% 4–12) of the countries reported the disease as present at least once during the study period, whereas 82% (CI 95% 77–87) as absent. Information on CCHF status lacked for 10% (CI 95% 6–13) of the countries. The majority of the countries (46%, CI 95% 39–53) never declared CCHF as notifiable, whereas only 27% (CI 95% 21–33) reported the disease as notifiable during the large majority (≥76%) of the study period. The percentage of countries that routinely applied some CCHF control measures were as following: 14% (CI 95% 9–18) passive surveillance, 3% (CI 95% 0.9–5) active surveillance and 1% (CI 95% -0.2–3) control of vector. The time series analysis indicates a significant decreasing trend in the percentage of countries reporting no information, whereas the percentage of countries applying disease control measures significantly increase. This finding may reflect the increased awareness on the importance of the disease and the increased efforts to monitor virus circulation in animals through the application of surveillance programmes. Out of 25 countries reporting cases in humans since 2006, only 12 report cases in animals, pointing out the lack of surveillance capacity in animal populations for some countries. The paucity of CCHF notifications in animals may also reflect the difficulty in identifying the infection due to absent or mild clinical signs. Given that the implementation of surveillance programmes by the Veterinary Services is an essential tool for monitoring the virus circulation and prevent its further spread, National Veterinary Services should keep monitoring and reporting information on CCHF, and at the same time, they should improve the quality and accuracy of the information provided
A systematic review and meta-analysis of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in wild boars
Full text linkThis systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the available information on Hepatitis E virus (HEV) -specific antibody seroprevalence and HEV RNA prevalence in wild boar, one of the most abundant game species worldwide. A literature search (CAB Abstracts, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus) was performed to find relevant peer-reviewed works published during the period 1990–2020. A random-effect model was carried out to calculate the pooled HEV-specific antibody seroprevalence and HEV RNA prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals, and I2 statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity of the data. Values by subgroups were compared according to the geographical area, age class (≤ 12 months old and > 12 months old), and sample type (bile, faeces, liver, meat/muscle, serum). Sixty-nine publications were selected, with the majority of the studies from Southern Europe (n = 27). The pooled HEV-specific antibody seroprevalence in wild boar was 28% (CI95% 23–34) and the HEV RNA prevalence 8% (CI95% 6–10). The analysis highlighted a significant heterogeneity among the estimates from the included studies (I2 = 98% and I2 = 95% for HEV-specific antibody seroprevalence and viral prevalence respectively). The moderator analysis indicated a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.03) for the HEV RNA prevalence according to the sample type, with the highest value in bile (17%, CI95% 9–27), followed by liver (10%, CI95% 7–14), serum (7%, CI95% 4–10), faeces (5%, CI95% 2–9), and meat/muscle (3%, CI95% 0.04–10). Finally, the HEV RNA prevalence in Europe (8.7, CI95% 6.7–11) was significantly (p-value = 0.04) higher than in Asia (4, CI95% 0.6–8). The analysis highlights the important role of wild boar in the epidemiology of HEV
Heterogeneous Axial Symmetric Crustal Deformation Model for Long Valley Caldera, California
No full textDoes the use of playback affect the estimated numbers of red-legged partridge Alectoris rufa?
No full textNew Advances of the Multiscale Approach for the Analyses of InSAR Ground Measurements: The Yellowstone Caldera Case-Study
No full textIn this study, we describe new advances in the multiscale methodology to allow a more realistic interpretation of volcanic deformation fields by investigating geometrically irregular bodies and multi-source scenarios. We propose an integrated approach to be applied to InSAR measurements, employing the Multiridge and ScalFun methods and the Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) technique: this strategy provides unconstrained information on the source geometrical parameters, such as the depth, position, shape, and horizontal extent. To do this, we start from conditions where the biharmonic deformation field satisfies Laplace’s equation and homogeneity law. We test the use of the multiscale procedures to model single and multisource scenarios with irregular geometries by retrieving satisfactory results for a set of simulated sources. Finally, we employ the proposed approach to the 2004–2009 uplift episode at the Yellowstone Caldera (U.S.) measured by ENVISAT InSAR to provide information about the volcanic plumbing system. Our results indicate a single ~50×20
km2 extended source lying beneath the caldera at around 10
km b.s.l. (depth to the center), which is shallower below both the resurgent domes (6–7 km b.s.l. depth to the top)
Discrimination between magmatic and hydrothermal nature of the sources responsible for the unrest phenomena at Yellowstone caldera via integrated model of InSAR time series, leveling and gravity measurements
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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