1,720,991 research outputs found
Hormonale Prozesse – Normative Entwicklung und Zusammenhang mit Erleben und Verhalten im Jugendalter
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Immigrant adolescents’ active role in family adaptation processes: the do’s and don’ts
Full text linkBackground: Recent theoretical approaches emphasize adolescents’ active skills and agency in developmental processes and propose that immigrant adolescents may be the socializing agents for their families in new environments. However, empirical research on immigrant adolescents’ active role in the family reveals some research gaps. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to investigate immigrant adolescents’ active role in family adaptation and determine how it is related to adolescent and familial psycho-socio-cultural adjustment. Specifically, to achieve this goal, I examined different forms of adolescents’ involvement in family processes as well as its associations with risks and opportunities for adolescent and family adaptation and interactions. I also aimed to identify factors that can explain differences in immigrant adolescents’ active role across families, including migration conditions and acculturative timing.
Methods: Adolescents’ active role in the family was investigated by considering two types of active youth involvement in family processes: activities by which adolescents directly support their families (termed direct adolescent influence) and ones in which adolescents’ developmental progress unintentionally provokes family reactions (termed evocative adolescent influence). To examine adolescents’ active role and its hypothesized relations and outcomes, I drew on two cross-sectional and one longitudinal data set containing parent–adolescent data from five ethnic groups (native Germans, native Swiss, German immigrants, ethnic German repatriates, Russian Jews) in three contexts (Germany, Israel, Switzerland). The data were analyzed using person-oriented, comparative, and multi-group approaches as well as structural equation modeling in Mplus and SPSS.
Results: The analyses revealed substantial levels of direct adolescent involvement in families in the form of migration-specific (i.e., brokering) and migration-unspecific support (i.e., instrumental and emotional support). In addition, adolescents who provided migration-specific support were shown to provide more direct support in families in general. Evocative adolescent influence was confirmed through relations of adolescents’ independent acculturation with family interactions. Adolescents’ active role in family processes was supported in all studies independent of ethnic group or context and in host and ethnic culture domains. Notably, the analyses revealed that adolescents’ active role can be a double-edged sword for family adjustment with both positive (e.g., self-efficacy, child disclosure) and negative (e.g., exhaustion, family hassles) adolescent and family outcomes. Further, group- (e.g., family resources) and context-characteristics (e.g., segregation) can foster adolescents’ active role in families. Finally, adolescents’ acculturative speed as well as parent-adolescent differences in acculturative timing were shown to strengthen associations of adolescents’ acculturation and family dynamics.
Conclusion: Adolescents are active agents creating their own development in multicultural societies and can contribute substantially to successful family adaptation. In this respect, this dissertation provides insights into the active and constructive roles that adolescents can adopt in families and societies and discusses implications for future research and practice
Ethnic majority and minority youth in multicultural societies
No full textEthnically/racially diverse schools and classrooms form the immediate social contexts for many children and adolescents, providing both ethnic minority and majority children with various challenges and opportunities. In multicultural societies both minority and majority group members often avoid intergroup contact since they anticipate either discrimination or intergroup anxieties respectively. This situation constitutes a barrier to the formation of inclusive social settings for youth. Yet multicultural societies can also pave the way to the development of many positive social and developmental outcomes by offering the opportunity to expand the self, develop empathy and perspective-taking skills, and promote the desire and confidence to engage in further cross-group contact. This chapter explores the extent to which children transform their multicultrual experiences into an ‘asset’ or a ‘hindrance’ and investigate underlying situational and personal factors that are crucial for successful intergroup contact within diverse societies
Youth in Superdiverse Societies
No full textYouth in Superdiverse Societies brings together theoretical, methodological and international approaches to the study of globalization, diversity, and acculturation in adolescence. It examines vital issues including migration, integration, cultural identities, ethnic minorities, and the interplay of ethnic and cultural diversity with experiences of growing up as an adolescent. This important volume focuses on understanding the experiences and consequences of multicultural societies and offers valuable new insights in the field of intergroup relations and the complexity of growingly heterogeneous societies. The book comprises four sections. The first includes fresh theoretical perspectives for studying youth development in multicultural societies, exploring topics such as superdiversity, globalization, bicultural identity development, polyculturalism, the interplay of acculturation and development, as well as developmental-ecological approaches. The second section highlights innovative methods in studying multicultural societies. It contains innovative dynamic concepts (e.g., experience-based sampling), methods for studying the nested structure of acculturative contexts, and suggestions for cross-comparative research to differentiate universal and context-specific processes. The third section examines social relations and social networks in diverse societies and features developmentally crucial contexts (e.g., family, peers, schools) and contributions on interethnic interactions in real-life contexts. The final section presents applications in natural settings and includes contributions on participatory action research and teachers dealings' with ethnic diversity. Each chapter provides a thorough overview of current research trends and findings, followed by detailed recommendations for future research, suggesting how the approaches can be cited, applied and improved. Youth in Superdiverse Societies is valuable reading for students studying adolescent acculturation and development in psychology, sociology, education, anthropology, linguistics and political science. It will also be of interest to scholars and researchers in social and developmental psychology, and related disciplines, as well as professionals in the field of migration
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Polyculturalism Current evidence, future directions, and implementation possibilities for diverse youth
No full textWith increasing diversity across many societies, it is critical to understand how to promote positive intergroup interactions among diverse youth in educational and other settings. Polyculturalism – a concept from the discipline of history – has recently been studied in psychology as an approach to addressing diversity and an individual difference belief, namely endorsing that diverse groups have interacted and exchanged with each other, thus influencing each other’s cultures throughout history. Although polyculturalism has been studied with adults, evidence suggests it may have important implications for youth’s experiences with diversity, including in schools. In this chapter, the authors: review research on diverse youth in educational settings; review research on polyculturalism, which has been found to be associated with positive intergroup attitudes and behavioral intentions, including toward immigrants; identify needed future research on polyculturalism among youth; and discuss possible implementation of polyculturalism to support positive intergroup interactions among diverse youth
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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