1,720,973 research outputs found
Use of bio-protective cultures to improve the shelf-life and the sensorial characteristics of commercial hamburgers
Get PDFThe use of mixtures of bio-protective cultures, like Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus/L sakei + Staphylococcus xylosus (1/1 ratio), Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis/L sakei + S. xylosus (1/1 ratio), and L sakei subsp. carnosus/L. sakei + S. xylosus (1/2 ratio), inoculated in beef hamburger packaged in modified atmosphere and stored at 4 +/- 2 degrees C, determined a better microbiological and chemical-physical quality of the products. In particular, they inhibited the growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta resulting in no white slime on the products as well as they determined a low concentration of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). Moreover, the bio-protective cultures influenced the flavour and the odour of the hamburgers. For this reason, the shelf life of the products added with starter cultures could be extended up to 12 day
Shelf-life evaluation of sliced cold-smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under vacuum (PV) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)
Get PDFCold smoked trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a traditional product from the San Daniele del Friuli area (Italy), usually packaged under vacuum, and its shelf life is 60 days. Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different packaging systems (Vacuum packaging-VP and Modified atmosphere packaging-MAP) on the microbial, physico-chemical and sensorial changes of sliced cold smoked rainbow trout during storage. MAP packaged sample showed lower microbial loads than VP packaged sample throughout storage. Microbial count of VP packaged sample exceeded the limit of 6 log CFU/g after 60 days of storage. The total volatile base-nitrogen (TVB-N) values increased over time in both treatments, reaching values close to the limit of 40 mg N/100 g after 45 days. Also TBARS values did not were up to 10 nmol/g in both VP and MAP. The shelf life of 60 days seems to be too long, particularly for the VP samples. A panel composed of 12 nonprofessional assessors perceived significant differences in the sensorial characteristic of the samples, and concluded that the sensorial quality of MAP packaged products were better than the VP ones (P<0.05). © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey in cooperation with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Japan
Bacillus cereus in Dairy Products and Production Plants
Get PDFSpore-forming Bacillus cereus is a common contaminant of dairy products. As the microorganism is widespread in the environment, it can contaminate milk at the time of milking, but it can also reach the dairy products in each phase of production, storage and ripening. Milk pasteurization treatment is not effective in reducing contamination and can instead act as an activator of spore germination, and a potential associated risk still exists with the consumption of some processed foods. Prevalences and concentrations of B. cereus in milk and dairy products are extremely variable worldwide: in pasteurized milk, prevalences from 2% to 65.3% were reported, with concentrations of up to 3 × 105 cfu/g, whereas prevalences in cheeses ranged from 0 to 95%, with concentrations of up to 4.2 × 106 cfu/g. Bacillus cereus is also well known to produce biofilms, a serious concern for the dairy industry, with up to 90% of spores that are resistant to cleaning and are easily transferred. As the contamination of raw materials is not completely avoidable, and the application of decontamination treatments is only possible for some ingredients and is limited by both commercial and regulatory reasons, it is clear that the correct application of hygienic procedures is extremely important in order to avoid and manage the circulation of B. cereus along the dairy supply chain. Future developments in interventions must consider the synergic application of different mild technologies to prevent biofilm formation and to remove or inactivate the microorganism on the equipment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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