130 research outputs found
Child soldiers and military actors: a variation in detention policies across liberal democracies
No full textThe professional militaries of Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom have increasingly recognized that children can become part of opposing forces and face the operational and policy decisions regarding their detention. These Anglo-Saxon, consolidated, liberal democracies demonstrate a high level of similarity, in terms of their shared norms and values, and common security practices. Nonetheless, these three countries have developed distinct policies on the detention of child soldiers. This dissertation addressed the question: what explains the cross-national variation in the development of policies on the detention of child soldiers in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States?In order to answer this research question, I proposed a series of hypotheses to examine the role of three strategic actors in the policy process: military lawyers, government officials, and representatives from non-governmental organizations. I analyzed data that required both quantitative and qualitative methods to test these hypotheses. Specifically, qualitatively, I performed a content analysis of a total of 69 semi-structured interviews; and, quantitatively, I used NVivo 11 coding query tools to generate numerical data to present aggregate results. These methods allowed for comparing the roles of these three actors in each national context. I utilized the comparative case study method to identify causal patterns across these three countries to offer a second test of these hypotheses. My dissertation suggested an explanatory relationship between NGOs’ choice of strategies and the policy outcomes in each of these three countries. First, the NGOs’ choice between different types of framing and how to engage in framing contests, during the agenda-setting stage, had far-reaching implications for the policy-making process. It defined the key terms and demarcated boundaries of the issue in a policy domain that abounds with contested elements. Second, the selection of strategies and decision-making venues simultaneously influenced the NGOs’ ability to shape policy outcomes during the policy formulation stage. Third, the application of the strategy of ‘naming and shaming’ during the policy implementation stage remained effective only if the NGOs applied it in combination with other policy instruments, such as the use of domestic litigation. This dissertation hopes to make an empirical contribution to the debate on how policy actors engage and shape outcomes in contested policy domains, which require balancing national security and human rights agendas.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Iuliia Hoba
Проблемы национального брендинга современной Испании
No full textВ данной работе рассматриваются теоретические аспекты территориального брендинга, комплексно проанализирована история развития брендинговой стратегии Испании, брендинговый потенциал и основные инструменты формирования имиджа данной страны. Отдельное внимание уделено роли брендинга испанских городов в национальном бренде на примере Барселоны. Автор также определяет проблемы и вызовы, с которыми сталкивается брендинг Испании в настоящее время, на основе чего предлагает практические рекомендации для разработки дальнейшей брендинговой стратегии южноевропейской страны. Также оценена возможность применения испанского опыта в российской действительности.This study presents the basic theory of territory branding as well as a comprehensive analysis of the history of national branding of Spain, its branding capacity, and the main tools of image making of the country. Separate attention is given to the role of branding of Spanish cities, Barcelona in particular. The author determines the problems and challenges that Spanish branding faces nowadays, and offers practical recommendations for further branding of the South European country. The possibility of applying the Spanish experience to national branding of Russian Federation is examined
A simple putty to enable the shaping of silica glass
No full textGlass has been used for centuries, and its compositions and applications are continuously evolving. Advancements in glass shaping are being made from micro to macro scales. However, robust fabrication of increasingly complex glass parts remains a significant challenge in industrial applications which also demand more sustainable manufacturing processes. Novel additive manufacturing technologies could offer useful alternatives, but working with glass has proven complex. We have created a “glass putty” composed of micron-sized glass powder and resin that can be shaped at room temperature by 3D printing, plasticine-like moulding, stamping, and green machining. Our approach enables multiscale, high-quality transparent glass components with properties comparable to commercial materials while reducing manufacturing hazards. The adhesive nature of the putty allows its modular assembly to produce colour gradients. The putty can be reshaped in case of errors, reducing the part rejection rate. Such a multiscale and multitool forming approach to glass manufacturing unlocks the true freedom of design when working with this challenging material and will help to realise its true potential in any desired application
Direct ink writing advances in multi-material structures for a sustainable future
No full textNovel manufacturing techniques such as additive manufacturing (AM, also referred to as 3D printing) will play a critical role in building a sustainable future. AM will reduce waste, energy consumption and production time by eliminating the need to assemble components. It will also enable the mass customization of complex devices. To reach their full potential, additive manufacturing technologies should be able to combine different materials in a single processing step. Although the development of multi-material printing is in its infancy, it could have a massive impact in fields as diverse as energy storage and generation, electronic devices, healthcare or structural composites to name a few. Here we provide a critical perspective on the advances and potential of multi-material printing using direct extrusion-based printing, also known as direct ink writing (DIW) or robocasting. We will show examples of devices and structures combining a wide range of materials from ceramics to metals, polymers and carbon with particular focus on three promising applications: energy storage, lightweight composites and sensors. The goals are to assess the progress made so far, to point out specific challenges and areas for further development and to provide guidelines to those interested in multi-material DIW
PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS MEANING THE ENVIRONMENTAL REALITIES
No full textThe author considers the role of phraseological units in the language picture of the world, as well as peculiarities of translation of phraseological units denoting the environmental realities
Negotiations and diplomatic protocol as a mean of political conflicts resolution
No full textThe author of the article made an attempt to prove the relevance and importance of such topic
as negotiations and diplomatic protocol as a mean of conflicts resolution. Bases of negotiations
were determined; etymology of word “protocol”, the role and importance of diplomatic protocol
for the development of modern international politics was described
"Not a man - but a cloud in trousers!" : two translations of Vladimir Mayakovsky's futuristic poem "A cloud in trousers" in comparison
No full textZu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts gewann in der Kunst in Russland eine neue Strömung namens Futurismus an Bedeutung. Dessen Ziel war, alte Traditionen zu zerstören und eine neue Ästhetik zu schaffen. Werke dieser Richtung sind gekennzeichnet durch Neologismen, Metaphern, Jargon, falsche Zeichensetzung und Lautspiele. Majakowski verfasste 1915 das Werk “Облако в штанах/Wolke in Hosen”, das neben den oben genannten Merkmalen zahlreiche Anspielungen auf die damalige Ideologie und Politik enthält. Übersetzungen ins Deutsche wurden unter anderem von Karl Dedecius und Alexander Nitzberg angefertigt und werden in dieser Masterarbeit untersucht. Da zwischen den Übersetzungen etwa 26 Jahre liegen und die Übersetzer in ihren Übertragungen Tendenzen ihrer Zeit, Kultur, Übersetzungstraditionen und Ideologie widerspiegeln, unterscheiden sich diese. Um die Übersetzungen zu vergleichen, die Unterschiede zu identifizieren und zu erklären, wurde zunächst eine Analyse der Übersetzungsstrategien für Neologismen und Metaphern nach dem für diese Masterarbeit entwickelten Modell vorgenommen, wobei die bestehenden Modelle von Newmark, Schüler und Aixela als Grundlage dienten. Außerdem wurden die die Übersetzungen begleitenden Paratexte mit den später erschienenen Rezensionen sowie die unterschiedlichen Umfeldbedingungen beschrieben und miteinander verglichen. Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit wurden drei große Themenbereiche erläutert: Lyrikübersetzungen, Neuübersetzungen und Paratexte, wobei letztere wichtig bei der Interpretation der Wahl der Übersetzungsstrategien sind. So konnten dank dem analysierten Material Unterschiede in der Wahl der Übersetzungsstrategien sowie in Stil, Rhythmus, Nähe zur:zum Autor:in und in der Rolle der:des Übersetzer:in festgestellt werden. All das kann dadurch erklärt kann, dass alle Übersetzungen einen „Handabdruck“ der:des Übersetzers:in tragen, die:der ein:e Träger:in einer bestimmten Zeit und Natur ist.At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new movement called Futurism gained importance in Russian art. Its aim was to destroy old traditions and create a new aesthetic. Works belonging to this trend are characterised by the usage of neologisms, metaphors, jargon, false punctuation, and sound plays. Mayakovsky wrote the work “Облако в штанах/A Cloud in Trousers” in 1915, which contains numerous allusions to the ideology and politics of that time in addition to the above-mentioned characteristics. Translations into German were made by Karl Dedecius and Alexander Nitzberg, among others, and are examined in this master's thesis. The translations differ as there is a gap of about 26 years between them, and the translators reflect trends of their time, culture, translation traditions, and ideology in their translations. In order to compare the translations, identify and explain the differences, first an analysis of the translation strategies of neologisms and metaphors was carried out using an adapted model, based on existing models of Newmark, Schüler and Aixela. In addition, the paratexts accompanying the translations were described and compared with the later published reviews, as well as with various framework conditions. In the theoretical part of the thesis three major topics were explored: poetry translations, retranslations, and paratexts, the latter being important in interpreting the choice of translation strategies. Thus, thanks to the analysed material, differences in the choice of translation strategies as well as in style, rhythm, proximity to the author, and in the role of the translator could be identified. All this can be explained by the fact that all translations contain a “handprint“ of the translator, who is a bearer of a certain time and nature.vorgelegt von Iuliia FörsterAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinMasterarbeit Universität Graz 2023Text überwiegend Deutsch, Textbeispiele teilweise Englisch, teilweise Russisch Teilweise in kyrillischer Schrif
"Not a man - but a cloud in trousers!" : two translations of Vladimir Mayakovsky's futuristic poem "A cloud in trousers" in comparison
No full textZu Beginn des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts gewann in der Kunst in Russland eine neue Strömung namens Futurismus an Bedeutung. Dessen Ziel war, alte Traditionen zu zerstören und eine neue Ästhetik zu schaffen. Werke dieser Richtung sind gekennzeichnet durch Neologismen, Metaphern, Jargon, falsche Zeichensetzung und Lautspiele. Majakowski verfasste 1915 das Werk “Облако в штанах/Wolke in Hosen”, das neben den oben genannten Merkmalen zahlreiche Anspielungen auf die damalige Ideologie und Politik enthält. Übersetzungen ins Deutsche wurden unter anderem von Karl Dedecius und Alexander Nitzberg angefertigt und werden in dieser Masterarbeit untersucht. Da zwischen den Übersetzungen etwa 26 Jahre liegen und die Übersetzer in ihren Übertragungen Tendenzen ihrer Zeit, Kultur, Übersetzungstraditionen und Ideologie widerspiegeln, unterscheiden sich diese. Um die Übersetzungen zu vergleichen, die Unterschiede zu identifizieren und zu erklären, wurde zunächst eine Analyse der Übersetzungsstrategien für Neologismen und Metaphern nach dem für diese Masterarbeit entwickelten Modell vorgenommen, wobei die bestehenden Modelle von Newmark, Schüler und Aixela als Grundlage dienten. Außerdem wurden die die Übersetzungen begleitenden Paratexte mit den später erschienenen Rezensionen sowie die unterschiedlichen Umfeldbedingungen beschrieben und miteinander verglichen. Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit wurden drei große Themenbereiche erläutert: Lyrikübersetzungen, Neuübersetzungen und Paratexte, wobei letztere wichtig bei der Interpretation der Wahl der Übersetzungsstrategien sind. So konnten dank dem analysierten Material Unterschiede in der Wahl der Übersetzungsstrategien sowie in Stil, Rhythmus, Nähe zur:zum Autor:in und in der Rolle der:des Übersetzer:in festgestellt werden. All das kann dadurch erklärt kann, dass alle Übersetzungen einen „Handabdruck“ der:des Übersetzers:in tragen, die:der ein:e Träger:in einer bestimmten Zeit und Natur ist.At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new movement called Futurism gained importance in Russian art. Its aim was to destroy old traditions and create a new aesthetic. Works belonging to this trend are characterised by the usage of neologisms, metaphors, jargon, false punctuation, and sound plays. Mayakovsky wrote the work “Облако в штанах/A Cloud in Trousers” in 1915, which contains numerous allusions to the ideology and politics of that time in addition to the above-mentioned characteristics. Translations into German were made by Karl Dedecius and Alexander Nitzberg, among others, and are examined in this master's thesis. The translations differ as there is a gap of about 26 years between them, and the translators reflect trends of their time, culture, translation traditions, and ideology in their translations. In order to compare the translations, identify and explain the differences, first an analysis of the translation strategies of neologisms and metaphors was carried out using an adapted model, based on existing models of Newmark, Schüler and Aixela. In addition, the paratexts accompanying the translations were described and compared with the later published reviews, as well as with various framework conditions. In the theoretical part of the thesis three major topics were explored: poetry translations, retranslations, and paratexts, the latter being important in interpreting the choice of translation strategies. Thus, thanks to the analysed material, differences in the choice of translation strategies as well as in style, rhythm, proximity to the author, and in the role of the translator could be identified. All this can be explained by the fact that all translations contain a “handprint“ of the translator, who is a bearer of a certain time and nature.vorgelegt von Iuliia FörsterAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinMasterarbeit Universität Graz 2023Text überwiegend Deutsch, Textbeispiele teilweise Englisch, teilweise Russisch Teilweise in kyrillischer Schrif
Adjectival and Substantival Forms of the Adjective Божий in Modern Russian
No full textThe article examines the use of adjectival and substantival forms of the adjective Божий in modern Russian. The author draws conclusions as to regularities in the occurrence of morphological variants, which is conditioned by functional sphere of the text. The author also discusses due to which reason the adjective Божий unlike other possessive adjectives terminating in -ий is characterised in modern Russian by remarkable morphological variation confirmed by corpus data
- …
