1,721,015 research outputs found
Editorial: Recording and modulating neural activity in neurodegenerative diseases: Pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
Full text linkNeurodegenerative diseases encompass different conditions characterized by progressive degeneration of neurons and networks and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain. Recent research employing invasive and non-invasive neurophysiological techniques provided new insights into pathological mechanisms responsible for symptom development. This set the foundation for the translation of advanced therapeutic neuromodulation strategies that hold promise to optimize symptom control and potentially modify disease course in the future. In this Research Topic, we aimed to investigate the role of specific neurophysiological abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases that serve as electrophysiological target for invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS; Tinkhauser et al., 2017; Bocci et al., 2021) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS; Benussi et al., 2022; Guerra et al., 2022). Parkinson's disease (PD) is an exemplary condition for targeting brain oscillatory activities for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, PD can be considered an oscillopathy, as abnormal oscillations at specific frequency bands in the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network play a relevant role in motor symptoms pathophysiology (Oswal et al., 2013). Not only the suppression of exaggerated oscillatory beta activity using DBS (Tinkhauser et al., 2017), but also driving the pro-kinetic high-gamma rhythm at the cortical level using non-invasive tACS may attenuate bradykinesia (Guerra et al., 2022)
Controlling Clinical States Governed by Different Temporal Dynamics With Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation: A Principled Framework.
Full text linkClosed-loop strategies for deep brain stimulation (DBS) are paving the way for improving the efficacy of existing neuromodulation therapies across neurological disorders. Unlike continuous DBS, closed-loop DBS approaches (cl-DBS) optimize the delivery of stimulation in the temporal domain. However, clinical and neurophysiological manifestations exhibit highly diverse temporal properties and evolve over multiple time-constants. Moreover, throughout the day, patients are engaged in different activities such as walking, talking, or sleeping that may require specific therapeutic adjustments. This broad range of temporal properties, along with inter-dependencies affecting parallel manifestations, need to be integrated in the development of therapies to achieve a sustained, optimized control of multiple symptoms over time. This requires an extended view on future cl-DBS design. Here we propose a conceptual framework to guide the development of multi-objective therapies embedding parallel control loops. Its modular organization allows to optimize the personalization of cl-DBS therapies to heterogeneous patient profiles. We provide an overview of clinical states and symptoms, as well as putative electrophysiological biomarkers that may be integrated within this structure. This integrative framework may guide future developments and become an integral part of next-generation precision medicine instruments
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
