34 research outputs found
Effects of Pharmacotherapy on Combat-Related PTSD, Anxiety, and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis.
No full textObjectivesTo estimate the effect of pharmacotherapy on PTSD, anxiety, and depression among combat veterans; to determine whether the effects varied according to patient and intervention characteristics; and to examine differential effects of pharmacotherapy on outcomes.Materials and methodsGoogle Scholar, PILOTS, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched through November 2014. Searches resulted in eighteen double-blind, placebo controlled trials of 773 combat veterans diagnosed with PTSD and included only validated pre- and post-intervention PTSD and anxiety or depression measures. Authors extracted data on effect sizes, moderators, and study quality. Hedges' d effect sizes were computed and random effects models estimated sampling error and population variance. The Johnson-Neyman procedure identified the critical points in significant interactions to define regions of significance.ResultsPharmacotherapy significantly reduced (Δ, 95%CI) PTSD (0.38, 0.23-0.52), anxiety (0.42, 0.30-0.54), and depressive symptoms (0.52, 0.35-0.70). The effects of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants on PTSD were greater than other medications independent of treatment duration. The effect of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants were greater than other medications up to 5.2 and 13.6 weeks for anxiety and depression, respectively. The magnitude of the effect of pharmacotherapy on concurrently-measured PTSD, anxiety, and depression did not significantly differ.ConclusionsPharmacotherapy reduced PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in combat veterans. The effects of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants were greater for PTSD and occurred quicker for anxiety and depression than other medications
Forest Plot of the Unweighted Distribution of Pharmacotherapy Effects on Anxiety.
No full text<p>Forest Plot of the Unweighted Distribution of Pharmacotherapy Effects on Anxiety.</p
Forest Plot of the Unweighted Distribution of Pharmacotherapy Effects on Depression.
No full text<p>Forest Plot of the Unweighted Distribution of Pharmacotherapy Effects on Depression.</p
Effects of chronic exercise on feelings of energy and fatigue: A quantitative synthesis
No full textThe authors investigated the effect of chronic exercise on feelings of energy and fatigue using metaanalytic techniques. Chronic exercise increased feelings of energy and lessened feelings of fatigue compared with control conditions by a mean effect delta of 0.37. The effect varied according to the presence or absence of a placebo control or whether chronic exercise was completed alone or in combination with an additional therapy. Investigations that used a placebo control and examined chronic exercise alone found no effect of chronic exercise on feelings of energy and fatigue. Certain placebo controls may increase feelings of energy and lessen feelings of fatigue when used with older adults or people with psychological distress. The results highlight the need for research identifying the most useful control conditions for accurately interpreting mental health outcome data obtained in chronic exercise investigations
Forest Plot of the Unweighted Distribution of Pharmacotherapy Effects on PTSD.
No full text<p>Forest Plot of the Unweighted Distribution of Pharmacotherapy Effects on PTSD.</p
Annotated Descriptors of Unweighted Hedges’ <i>d</i> Effect Sizes.
No full text<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> ADI, Aldehyde Dehydogenase Inhibitor; MAOI, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor; SNRI, Seratonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor; SSRI, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; TCA, Tricyclic Antidepressant; NR, Not Reported; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; PCL-M, PTSD Checklist-Military; TOP-8, Treatment Outcome PTSD Scale; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression-Severity; SIP, Structured Interview for PTSD; IES, Impact of Events Scale; DTS, Davidson Trauma Scale.</p><p>Annotated Descriptors of Unweighted Hedges’ <i>d</i> Effect Sizes.</p
Asymmetric property rights in China's economic growth:
No full text"This paper highlights the difference between secure investor property rights and loosely defined individual property rights. Globalization and fiscal decentralization have intensified this difference. On the one hand, in the presence of mobile foreign direct investments and under the arrangement of fiscal decentralization, local governments compete vigorously to offer various protections on the property rights of investors; on the other hand, local governments and developers attempt to acquire land at as low price as possible by taking advantage of the loopholes inherent in the Chinese law. Secure investor property rights together with weak protections on individuals' land property rights is argued to be one of the major drivers of China's rapid economic growth. But the same factor can veer those individuals being deprived of land into violence and social unrest, which may undermine China's social stability and long-term sustainable growth." from Authors' AbstractProperty rights, Investments, economic growth, China, individual land property, Fiscal policies, Decentralization,
