12 research outputs found
Catasetum grasineideae D. R. P. Krahl, Krahl, Chiron & J. B. F. Silva 2023, nothosp. nov.
No full textCatasetum × grasineideae D.R.P.Krahl, Krahl, Chiron & J.B.F.Silva, nothosp. nov. (Figures 2–3). Type:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Careiro Castanho, Castanho Lake, epiphyte in Igapó, 3°44’08.35”S; 60°26’41.44”W, 8-10 m, 12 January 2022, A.H. Krahl & D.R.P. Krahl 1635 (holotype: INPA!). Hoc taxon naturalis hybrida inter C. gnomus et C. saccatum est, characteres intermedios efficiens. Non-resupinatos flores, ellipticolanceolata sepala petalaque, integrum suborbiculatum labellum com denticulato-serrato margine apice reflexo, parte centrali sacciformi conica, ostio latiore quam longo et duabus parvis protuberationibus in columnae proximali margine. Description:— Epiphytic caespitose plant. Rhizome short inconspicuous. Pseudobulb 3.7–7.5 × 1.0– 1.5 cm, fusiform, erect, clustered, 4-5–leaved, covered by leaf sheaths. Leaves 4.9–19.8 × 1.5–2.7 cm, linear-lanceolate, plicate, 3- 5–nerved, entire and slightly undulate margin, apex acute. Male inflorescence ca. 21.2 cm long, lateral, racemose, 1-5–flowered, erect then arched under the flower weight; peduncle cylindrical, greenish lightly purplish; floral bract ca. 0.7 × 0.6 cm, triangular, lightly greenish, margin entire, apex acute to obtuse. Male flower yellowish with brownish spots, especially on the sepals and petals, non-resupinated, pedicelled; pedicel ca. 3.3 cm long, cylindrical, erect and apically curved, purplish; sepals ca. 4.0 × 1.5 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, symmetrical, concave, margin entire, apex acute; petals ca. 4.1 × 1.6 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, symmetrical, margin entire and reflexed, apex acute; lip 3.0 × 4.5 cm, entire, subtrilobed, suborbicular, margins reflexed near the apex, denticulate to serrate, central part sacciform and conical; ostium ca. 0.9 × 1.4 cm, ca. 1.3 cm deep, opening somewhat flattened (transverse diameter longer), with two little protuberances on the edge nearest to the column; column ca. 3.2 × 1.0 cm, apex rostrate; antennae ca. 1.1 cm long, crossed; anther cap ca. 1.7 × 0.5 cm, rostrate; viscidium 0.25 × 0.35 cm, whitish, sticky; stipe ca. 0.6 × 0.2 cm, lamellate, rolled up, dark; pollinia 2, ca. 0.6 × 0.4 cm, obovate, thick, compressed, sulcate, yellowish. Female inflorescence and fruit not seen. Distribution and ecology:—the new taxon was found and collected on a phorophyte on the shore of the Castanho lake, in an igapó forest, in the municipality of Careiro Castanho, AM, Brazil. Based on personal observations, the parental species have already been observed in this place and in neighboring municipalities (e.g. Careiro da Várzea), especially along the BR 319 road. According to Petini-Benelli (2022), C. gnomus occurs in the states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia and C. saccatum in the entire North-Brazilian region as well as in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. Thus, the geographical distribution of both species overlaps, including in the state of Amazonas where the new hybrid has been found. The new natural hybrid has been observed in bloom in January, a time when the parental species can flower. Based on author’s personal observations and on herbarium registers (e.g. CRIA database, 2022), we know that C. gnomus flowering generally begins in December and stops in April whereas C. saccatum is in bloom from August up to February. Consequently, the blooming times of both species overlap during at last three months (December, January and February), making possible their crossed pollination. As for the flower visitors, we already observed visit of male Eulaema bees on both parental species, which, once more, makes a genetic flux between them possible. These bees visit the flowers looking for volatile compounds (perfume) present on the lip. Etymology:—the specific epithet is given in honor to Maria Grasineide Gomes Passos, mother of the first author, orchid lover and great incentive to orchid study. Taxonomic Discussion:—the new entity shows characters intermediate between C. gnomus and C. saccatum (Figure 3), which allowed us to infer its taxonomic position as a nothospecies. As in most species within the genus it is impossible to define diagnostic vegetative features because these species practically share the same characters (Holst 1999, Walker-Larsen & Harder 2000). As for the floral morphology, especially in male flowers, we can mention various characters shared with the parental species. Flowers are not resupinate, as in C. gnomus (vs. resupinate in C. saccatum). Floral segments are elliptic-lanceolate as in C. saccatum (vs. obovate-lanceolate and linear-lanceolate in C. gnomus) (Pettini-Benelli 2022). The lip is entire and subtrilobed (vs. trilobed in C. gnomus and C. saccatum), but suborbicular as in C. saccatum, with the margin next to the apex reflexed and overall denticulate to serrate as in both parents (serrate in C. gnomus and fimbriate, laciniate or denticulate in C. saccatum). The central part of the lip is sacciform and conical with a transverse ostium as in C. saccatum and with two small protuberances on the edge next to column as in both parents, however less acute as in C. saccatum. The column shows a more rounded shape and a beak shorter and broader as in C. gnomus (vs. column narrower and oblong with a beak filiform in C. saccatum) (see Figure 4) (Lindley 1840a, Linden & Reichenbach 1870, Pessoa et al. 2015, Petini-Benelli 2017, 2022, Krahl 2020). We propose here a key to all the natural hybrids present in the Brazilian state of Amazonas (Figure 5), i.e. C. × grasineideae (C. gnomus × C. saccatum); C. × issanense Pabst (1975: 405) (C. pileatum Reichenbach (1882: 492) × C. longifolium Lindley (1839: 94)); C. × louiseae Krahl et al. (2020: 216) (C. discolor (Lindley 1835: t. 1735) Lindley (1844: Misc. 34) × C. macrocarpum Kunth (1822: 331)); C. × roseo-album (Hooker 1840: t. 3796) Lindley (1840b: 65) (C. discolor × C. longifolium); and C. × tapiriceps Reichenbach (1888: 133) (C. macrocarpum × C. pileatum) (according to Krahl et al. 2020 and Petini-Benelli 2022). It should be noted that C. × sheyllae Krahl, Cantuária & J.B.F.Silva in Cantuária et al. (2021) perhaps occurs in Amazonas but it is not confirmed. It occurs in fact in a border region between Amazonas and Pará (see Cantuária et al. 2021). We treated C. × roseo-album as a nothospecies, so disagreeing with Barbarena (2021) who treats it as an independent species. We have a large field knowledge as for the occurrence of C. × roseo-album in localities of Brazilian Amazon where C. discolor and C. longifolium are clearly sympatric species a few meters away from each other (eg. Pessoa et al. 2015). Moreover, the nothospecies clearly presents intermediate features between the parental taxa, what we already could observe in artificial crossings. In this way we agree with the opinion of Romero & Carnevalli (1989).Published as part of Krahl, Dayse Raiane Passos, Schmal, Philippe, Chiron, Guy, Silva, João Batista Fernandes Da, Krahl, Amauri Herbert & Cantuária, Patrick De Castro, 2023, Catasetum × grasineideae (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae), a new nothospecies from Brazilian Amazon and taxonomic notes for the genus, pp. 89-104 in Phytotaxa 594 (2) on pages 90-94, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/789198
Book Review: Omkar Lal Shrestha and Aekapol Chongvilaivan: Greater Mekong Subregion; from Geographical to Socio-economic Integration
No full textBook Review: Shrestha, Omkar Lal, and Aekapol Chongvilaivan (eds), Greater Mekong Subregion: From Geographical to Socio-economic Integration
No full textBook Review of the edited volume: Omkar Lal Shrestha and Aekapol Chongvilaivan (eds) (2013), Greater Mekong Subregion: From Geographical to Socio-economic Integration. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS), ISBN: 978-981-4379-68-7, 270 page
Book Review: Shrestha, Omkar Lal, and Aekapol Chongvilaivan (eds), Greater Mekong Subregion: From Geographical to Socio-economic Integration
No full textBook Review of the edited volume: Omkar Lal Shrestha and Aekapol Chongvilaivan (eds) (2013), Greater Mekong Subregion: From Geographical to Socio-economic Integration. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS), ISBN: 978-981-4379-68-7, 270 page
Datos sobre los ángulos de torsión y retroversión en restos prehispánicos del norte de México.. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Num. 45 Tomo XVI (1963) Sexta Época (1939-1966)
No full textEntre los caracteres óseos mensurables, la torsión que presentan los huesos largos es uno de los más variables, lo que hace indispensable el uso del método estadístico que reduzca este fenómeno a expresiones cuantitativas susceptibles de ser apreciadas con mayor objetividad. Al emprender el estudio sobre este carácter óseo se tropezó, en primer lugar, con el obstáculo consistente en la falta de unidad para la determinación de puntos y ejes, así como con la técnica de medición. En una colección prehispánica del norte de México fueron medidos los ángulos de torsión en 75 húmeros y 130 fémures, y el ángulo de retroversión en 92 tibias, distribuido todo este material en 8 series, utilizando un método gráfico que consistió en la proyección de los ángulos citados sobre papel. Una vez obtenidos los datos se observaron los siguientes resultados: a) Existe una diferencia no debida al azar entre los húmeros masculinos derechos e izquierdos, con valores mayores en estos últimos, según lo reveló el análisis estadístico. En cambio, no existe diferencia significativa entre húmeros femeninos derechos e izquierdos. b) Por lo que se refiere al fémur, no hubo diferencia significativa por lados ni en fémures masculinos ni en femeninos. Unidas las series por sexos, no fue posible determinar si las diferencias son o no debidas al azar, aunque algunos autores, trabajando sobre series más numerosas, han encontrado que no existe diferencia significativa en ese sentido. e) En cuanto al comportamiento del ángulo de retroversión en la tibia, no existe diferencia de lados en ninguno de los dos sexos y se menciona que tampoco hay diferencia sexual, aunque en las series aquí estudiadas no nos fue posible hacer estadísticamente tal comprobación. En los tres rasgos óseos tratados, hay un gran campo de variación, siendo mayor en el fémur y menor en la tibia. En todos los casos, la amplitud de oscilación se encuentra comprendida entre los límites conocidos para otras poblaciones. De acuerdo a los valores medios de las series estudiadas se halló que existe una torsión humeral mediana, semejante a la de otras poblaciones americanas; la torsión femoral en las series de Candelaria y Paila se puede considerar como bastante acentuada en relación a las observadas en otras series conocidas; respecto a la retroversión tibial, las series se caracterizaron por sus valores medios pronunciados. Para concluir debemos decir que este trabajo es sólo una exposición de datos que esperamos sea útil como colaboración para otros estudios en los cuales se disponga de material óseo más abundante.Capechi, V. Deila variabilita della declinazione o torsione femorale. Archivio per l'Antropologia. T. 80-81, 1950-51, pp. 73-95.Comas, J. Necesidad de uniformar ciertas técnicas osteométricas del fémur. Acta Venezolana. T. III, Nos. 1-4, Caracas, pp. 75-80.Chillida, L. A. Características métricas y morfológicas del húmero en los aborígenes argentinos. Revista del Instituto de Antropología. Univ. de Tucumán, vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 5-35.Dictionaire des Sciences Anthropologiques. Paris, s/f.Elftman, H. Torsion of the lower extremity. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. N. S., vol. 3, 1945, pp. 255-65.Evans, F. G. y Krahl, V. E. The torsion of the humerus: a phylogenetic survey from fish to Man. American Journal of Anatomy, vol. 76, 1945, pp. 313-37.Hrdlieka, A. Study of the normal tibia. The American Anthropologist, T. 11, 1898, pp. 307-12.lngalls, N. W. y Grossberg, M. Studies on the femur. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 7, 1924, pp. 207-55.Krahl, V. E. Y Evans, F. G. Humeral torsion in Man. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, N. S., vol. 3, 1945, pp. 229-53.Manouvrier, L. Etude sur la retroversion de la tête du tibia et l'attitude humaine a I'époque quaternaire. Memories de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, T. 4, París, 1890, pp. 219-64.Martin, R. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie. Jena, 1928.Martínez del Río, P. La Comarca Lagunera. México, 1953.Martínez del Río, P. La Cueva Mortuoria de La Candelaria. México, 1954.Olivier, G. Pratique Anthropologique. París, 1960.Parenti, D. R. Gli angoli di torsione e desviazione della osa dell'arto inferiore dell'uomo ed i loro rapport reciproci. Archivio per l'Antropologia, T. 76, 1946, pp. 5-61.Romano, A. Los restos óseos humanos de la Cueva de La Candelaria, Coah. Craneología. (Inédito).Testut, L. Tratado de Anatomía Humana. Tomo I. (8a. ed.), Barcelona, 1932
Impact of injection settings on gaseous emissions and particle size distribution in the dual-mode dual-fuel concept
Full text linkThis is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in International Journal of Engine Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting,
and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published as https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419844413.[EN] Reactivity controlled compression ignition concept has been highlighted among the low temperature combustion strategies. However, this combustion strategy presents some problems related to high levels of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions at low load and high-pressure rise rate at high load. Therefore, to diminish these limitations, the dual-mode dual-fuel concept has been presented as an excellent alternative. This concept uses two fuels of different reactivity and switches from a dual-fuel fully premixed strategy (based on the reactivity controlled compression ignition concept) during low load to a diffusive nature during high load operation. However, the success of dual-mode dual-fuel concept depends to a large extent on the low reactivity/high reactivity fuel ratio and the injection settings. In this study, parametric variations of injection pressure and injection timing were experimentally performed to analyze the effect over each combustion process that encompasses the dual-mode dual-fuel concept and its consequent impact on gaseous and particles emissions, including an analysis of particle size distribution. The experimental results confirm how the use of an adequate injection strategy is indispensable to obtain low exhaust emission and a balance between the different pollutants. In the fully premixed reactivity controlled compression ignition strategy, the particles concentrations were dominated by nucleation mode; however, the increase in injection pressure and the advance of the diesel main injection timing provided a simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxide and solid particles (accumulation mode). During the highly premixed reactivity controlled compression ignition strategy, the accumulation-mode particles increased, and their concentrations were higher when the diesel main injection timing advanced and injection pressure decreased, as well as there was a slight increase in nitrogen oxide emissions. Finally, in the dual-fuel diffusion strategy, the concentrations of accumulation-mode particles were higher and there was a considerable increase of these particles with the advance of the diesel main injection timing and the reduction of the injection pressure, while the nitrogen oxide emissions decreased.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This investigation has been funded
by VOLVO Group Trucks Technology. The authors
also acknowledge the Spanish economy and competitiveness ministry for partially supporting this research
(HiReCo TRA2014-58870-R).Bermúdez, V.; Macian Martinez, V.; Villalta-Lara, D.; Soto, L. (2020). Impact of injection settings on gaseous emissions and particle size distribution in the dual-mode dual-fuel concept. International Journal of Engine Research. 21(4):561-577. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419844413S561577214Oppenauer, K. S., & Alberer, D. (2013). Soot formation and oxidation mechanisms during diesel combustion: Analysis and modeling impacts. International Journal of Engine Research, 15(8), 954-964. doi:10.1177/1468087413502661Rezaei, R., Dinkelacker, F., Tilch, B., Delebinski, T., & Brauer, M. (2016). Phenomenological modeling of combustion and NOx emissions using detailed tabulated chemistry methods in diesel engines. International Journal of Engine Research, 17(8), 846-856. doi:10.1177/1468087415619302Sarangi, A. K., Garner, C. P., McTaggart-Cowan, G. P., Davy, M. H., Wahab, E., & Peckham, M. (2012). The effects of split injections on high exhaust gas recirculation low-temperature diesel engine combustion. International Journal of Engine Research, 14(1), 68-79. doi:10.1177/1468087412450987Shi, L., Xiao, W., Li, M., Lou, L., & Deng, K. (2017). Research on the effects of injection strategy on LTC combustion based on two-stage fuel injection. Energy, 121, 21-31. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.128Singh, A. P., & Agarwal, A. K. (2012). Combustion characteristics of diesel HCCI engine: An experimental investigation using external mixture formation technique. Applied Energy, 99, 116-125. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.03.060Lu, X., Han, D., & Huang, Z. (2011). Fuel design and management for the control of advanced compression-ignition combustion modes. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 37(6), 741-783. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2011.03.003Benajes, J., Novella, R., De Lima, D., & Thein, K. (2017). Impact of injection settings operating with the gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion concept in a 2-stroke HSDI compression ignition engine. Applied Energy, 193, 515-530. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.02.044Benajes, J., García, A., Domenech, V., & Durrett, R. (2013). An investigation of partially premixed compression ignition combustion using gasoline and spark assistance. Applied Thermal Engineering, 52(2), 468-477. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.12.025Benajes, J., García, A., Monsalve-Serrano, J., Balloul, I., & Pradel, G. (2017). Evaluating the reactivity controlled compression ignition operating range limits in a high-compression ratio medium-duty diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and ethanol. International Journal of Engine Research, 18(1-2), 66-80. doi:10.1177/1468087416678500Benajes, J., Molina, S., García, A., & Monsalve-Serrano, J. (2015). Effects of direct injection timing and blending ratio on RCCI combustion with different low reactivity fuels. Energy Conversion and Management, 99, 193-209. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.04.046Kavuri, C., Kokjohn, S. L., Klos, D. T., & Hou, D. (2016). Blending the benefits of reactivity controlled compression ignition and gasoline compression ignition combustion using an adaptive fuel injection system. International Journal of Engine Research, 17(8), 811-824. doi:10.1177/1468087415615255Benajes, J., Pastor, J. V., García, A., & Boronat, V. (2016). A RCCI operational limits assessment in a medium duty compression ignition engine using an adapted compression ratio. Energy Conversion and Management, 126, 497-508. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.08.023Benajes, J., García, A., Monsalve-Serrano, J., & Boronat, V. (2017). Achieving clean and efficient engine operation up to full load by combining optimized RCCI and dual-fuel diesel-gasoline combustion strategies. Energy Conversion and Management, 136, 142-151. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.01.010Benajes, J., García, A., Monsalve-Serrano, J., & Boronat, V. (2017). Gaseous emissions and particle size distribution of dual-mode dual-fuel diesel-gasoline concept from low to full load. Applied Thermal Engineering, 120, 138-149. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.005Desantes, J. M., Bermúdez, V., Pastor, J. V., & Fuentes, E. (2004). Methodology for measuring exhaust aerosol size distributions from heavy duty diesel engines by means of a scanning mobility particle sizer. Measurement Science and Technology, 15(10), 2083-2098. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/15/10/019Payri, F., Olmeda, P., Martín, J., & García, A. (2011). A complete 0D thermodynamic predictive model for direct injection diesel engines. Applied Energy, 88(12), 4632-4641. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.005Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., & Gómez, A. (2003). Diesel Particle Size Distribution Estimation from Digital Image Analysis. Aerosol Science and Technology, 37(4), 369-381. doi:10.1080/02786820300970Yinhui, W., Rong, Z., Yanhong, Q., Jianfei, P., Mengren, L., Jianrong, L., … Shijin, S. (2016). 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Mental health in Asia: Social improvements and challenges
No full textInternational Journal of Social Psychiatry4718-23IJSP
Theodor W. Adorno: um crítico na era dourada do capitalismo
Full text linkTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2015.A presente tese apresenta a teoria crítica tardia de Theodor W. Adorno por meio da análise dos diversos elementos que a compõe: sua dimensão política; seu público-alvo; seu objeto de crítica; suas críticas ao capitalismo, à racionalidade predominante na modernidade, à dominação da natureza e à vida danificada; seu projeto de emancipação e sua justificação normativa. Argumenta-se que, ao contrário do que defende a interpretação predominante, não houve uma substituição do objeto da crítica ao longo do percurso teórico do pensador frankfurtiano, da economia política à razão instrumental ou à dominação da natureza, mas sim uma complementação: de forma que a crítica ao capitalismo seguia sendo necessária, mas já não era mais suficiente como análise dos obstáculos que impedem a emancipação. O trabalho visa tanto expor o procedimento teórico crítico adorniano, a dialética negativa, como também questionar o diagnóstico de época e as tendências sociais observadas pelo autor frankfurtiano, e, na medida em que obtiver sucesso nessa dupla empreitada, almeja conseguir, ainda, estabelecer um diálogo crítico entre o autor, o seu tempo e o nosso.Abstract : This Doctoral Dissertation aims to present the late critical theory of Theodor W. Adorno by analyzing the various elements that compose it: its political dimension; its target audience; its object of criticism; its criticism of capitalism, of the prevailing rationality in modernity, of nature?s domination and of the damaged life; its emancipation project and its normative justification. It is argued that, contrary to the predominant interpretation defends, there was not a replacement of the object of criticism during the theoretical trajectory of the Frankfurtian thinker, from political economy to instrumental reason or to nature?s domination, but rather a complement: so the critique of capitalism was still necessary, but it was no longer sufficient as analysis of the obstacles to emancipation. The work aims to expose both the critical theoretical procedure, the negative dialectics, as well as to question the diagnosis of the time and social trends observed by the Frankfurtian author, and, in the extent that succeeds in this double endeavor, seeks also to be able to establish a critical dialogue between the author, his time and ours
Settlement & ceramics in Southern Iran: An analysis of the Sasanian & Islamic periods in the Williamson collection
Full text linkBetween 1968 and 1971, Andrew George Williamson carried out one of the most extensive and ambitious archaeological surveys undertaken in the Near East. Williamson’s survey of over 1,200 archaeological sites distributed widely through southern Iran represents the most detailed archaeological study of the region. Williamson's untimely death in Oman in 1975 prevented the work from being completed or published, and as a result, the information from his pioneering study have remained generally obscure. A sizable portion of the finds that Williamson collected during the survey (17,000 sherds) were exported to the UK and deposited at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, along with much of the documentation associated with the project. A full synthesis of this material has not until now been attempted. Recognising the important scientific value of Williamson's survey, a detailed study of the Collection was initiated with the aim of: 1) providing a complete catalogue of the Collection; 2) creating a list and map of all sites that Williamson visited and 3) analysing the resulting dataset. The discussion presented below, which describes the results of the research on the Collection, has been broken into two sections. The first section describes Williamson’s work and the contents of the Collection (Chapter 1), and explains the methodology and approach that has been taken during this study (Chapter 2). The second section uses the data generated from the study to analyse regional settlement trends (Chapter 3) and the changing distribution of a selection of key ceramic wares (Chapter 4). Together these themes contribute towards a model for the long-term economic development along the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, ๒ an area that has previously suffered from a major lack of primary archaeological research. Drawing on this study and the more detailed now be possible, for the first time, to set out a scheme that covers the Persian Gulf region as a whole
Deep learning approach to predict sentinel lymph node status directly from routine histology of primary melanoma tumours
No full textAim: Sentinel lymph node status is a central prognostic factor for melanomas. However, the surgical excision involves some risks for affected patients. In this study, we therefore aimed to develop a digital biomarker that can predict lymph node metastasis non invasively from digitised H&E slides of primary melanoma tumours. Methods: A total of 415 H&E slides from primary melanoma tumours with known sentinel node (SN) status from three German university hospitals and one private pathological practice were digitised (150 SN positive/265 SN negative). Two hundred ninety-one slides were used to train artificial neural networks (ANNs). The remaining 124 slides were used to test the ability of the ANNs to predict sentinel status. ANNs were trained and/or tested on data sets that were matched or not matched between SN-positive and SN-negative cases for patient age, ulceration, and tumour thickness, factors that are known to correlate with lymph node status. Results: The best accuracy was achieved by an ANN that was trained and tested on unmatched cases (61.8% +/- 0.2%) area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). In contrast, ANNs that were trained and/or tested on matched cases achieved (55.0% +/- 3.5%) AUROC or less. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the image classifier can predict lymph node status to some, albeit so far not clinically relevant, extent. It may do so by mostly detecting equivalents of factors on histological slides that are already known to correlate with lymph node status. Our results provide a basis for future research with larger data cohorts. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
