305,587 research outputs found
Kuusentaimien sienijuurien määrä ja laatu suomalaisilla metsätaimitarhoilla
No full textTutkimusselosteSeloste artikkelista: Flykt, E., Timonen, S. & Pennanen, T. 2008. Variation of ectomycorrhizal colonisation in Norway spruce seedlings in Finnish forest nurseries. Silva Fennica 42(4): 571–585
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
Glukoosirasituskokeen yhden tunnin glukoosiarvon yhteys tyypin 2 diabetekseen ja siihen liittyviin komplikaatioihin
No full textAbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by elevated glucose levels. Recognizing people at high risk for T2D allows interventions that may delay or prevent the development of T2D and diabetes-related complications. The previously accepted methods for identifying these people are fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two-hour post-load glucose (2-h PG) in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). However, one-hour post-load glucose (1-h PG) in an OGTT has risen in interest for its high predictive value for future T2D at an even earlier time point than the currently used methods.The aim of this thesis was to investigate the ability of 1-h PG to predict T2D and cardiovascular diseases as well as to evaluate the association between 1-h PG and other diabetic complications including retinopathy signs and albuminuria. The value of 1-h PG measurement was compared with current diagnostic methods. Four Finnish study populations were used for the analyses of the present thesis.The results revealed that 1-h PG was a better predictor of T2D and cardiovascular outcomes than FPG or 2-h PG, also improving the explanatory power of the traditional cardiovascular risk models. Elevated 1-h PG was related to retinopathy signs, while FPG, 2-h PG and HbA1c were not. Both prediabetic ( 8.6 mmol/L) and diabetic ( 11.6 mmol/L) 1-h PG levels were independently associated with albuminuria, but no such an association was seen in FPG, 2-h PG and HbA1c. Furthermore, the 2-h PG did not provide any benefit in addition to FPG and 1-h PG in the prediction of T2D and cardiovascular outcomes or in the detection of albuminuria.In conclusion, these findings indicate that the use of 1-h PG improves the predictability of T2D and cardiovascular diseases and the detection of retinopathy signs and albuminuria. Together with previous findings, these results indicate that the use of 1-h PG and shortened 1-h OGTT seems reasonable to consider in the future.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Saunajoki, A. E., Auvinen, J. P., Bloigu, A. H., Timonen, M. J., & Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (2020). Evaluating the 1-h post-load glucose level to predict future type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 160, 108009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108009Self-archived versionSaunajoki, A., Auvinen, J., Bloigu, A., Ukkola, O., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., & Timonen, M. (2021). One-hour post-load glucose improves the prediction of cardiovascular events in the OPERA study. Annals of Medicine, 53(1), 478–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2021.1902557Self-archived versionSaunajoki, A., Auvinen, J., Saarela, V., Uusitalo, J.-J., Leiviskä, I., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Liinamaa, M. J., & Timonen, M. (2020). Association of glucose metabolism and retinopathy signs in non-diabetic individuals in midlife—The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. PLOS ONE, 15(10), e0240983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240983Self-archived versionSaunajoki, A., Auvinen, J., Bloigu, A., Saramies, J., Tuomilehto, J., Uusitalo, H., Hussi, E., Cederberg-Tamminen, H., Suija, K., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., & Timonen, M. (2022). Elevated one-hour post-load glucose is independently associated with albuminuria: A cross-sectional population study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(14), 4124. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144124Self-archived versionTiivistelmäTyypin 2 diabetes on yleinen aineenvaihduntasairaus, johon liittyy kohonnut verensokeri. Suuressa sairastumisriskissä olevien potilaiden tunnistaminen on tärkeää, jotta tyypin 2 diabeteksen sekä siihen liittyvien komplikaatioiden kehittymistä voidaan ennaltaehkäistä. Aikaisemmin hyväksytyt menetelmät suuressa sairastumisriskissä olevien potilaiden tunnistamiseksi ovat paastoverensokeri, glukoosirasituskokeen 2 tunnin glukoosi ja glykohemoglobiini A1c (HbA1c). Glukoosirasituskokeen 1 tunnin glukoosi on herättänyt viime aikoina kiinnostusta, sillä sen on havaittu ennustavan hyvin tulevaa tyypin 2 diabetesta jopa varhaisemmassa vaiheessa kuin nykyisin käytössä olevat menetelmät.Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena oli tutkia 1 tunnin glukoosiarvon kykyä ennustaa tyypin 2 diabetesta ja sydän- ja verisuonitauteja sekä arvioida 1 tunnin glukoosiarvon yhteyttä retinopatiamuutoksiin ja albuminuriaan. Yhden tunnin glukoosiarvoa verrattiin nykyisiin käytössä oleviin diagnostisiin menetelmiin. Tässä väitöskirjassa hyödynnettiin neljää suomalaista väestöpohjaista aineistoa.Tutkimustulokset osoittivat, että 1 tunnin glukoosiarvo on parempi tyypin 2 diabeteksen sekä sydän- ja verisuonitapahtumien ennustaja kuin paastoglukoosi tai 2 tunnin glukoosi, ja se parantaa myös perinteisten sydän- ja verisuonitautien riskimallien selitysastetta. Retinopatiamuutokset olivat yhteydessä kohonneeseen 1 tunnin glukoosiarvoon, mutta eivät paastoarvoihin, 2 tunnin arvoihin tai HbA1c:hen. Sekä prediabeettinen ( 8.6 mmol/l) että diabeettinen ( 11.6 mmol/l) 1 tunnin glukoosiarvo olivat itsenäisesti yhteydessä albuminuriaan, mutta vastaavaa yhteyttä ei todettu paastoglukoosille, 2 tunnin glukoosille tai HbA1c:lle. Kahden tunnin glukoosiarvo ei myöskään parantanut paastoglukoosin ja 1 tunnin glukoosin lisänä tyypin 2 diabeteksen tai sydän- ja verisuonitapahtumien ennustettavuutta eikä albuminurian tunnistettavuutta.Tutkimustulosten perusteella 1 tunnin glukoosiarvon käyttö parantaa tyypin 2 diabeteksen ja sydän- ja verisuonitautien ennustettavuutta sekä niiden henkilöiden tunnistamista, joilla on retinopatiamuutoksia tai albuminuriaa. Näiden sekä aikaisempien tutkimustulosten perusteella 1 tunnin glukoosiarvon käyttöönottoa ja glukoosirasituskokeen lyhentämistä kahdesta tunnista yhteen tuntiin tulisi pohtia.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Saunajoki, A. E., Auvinen, J. P., Bloigu, A. H., Timonen, M. J., & Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (2020). Evaluating the 1-h post-load glucose level to predict future type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 160, 108009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108009Rinnakkaistallennettu versioSaunajoki, A., Auvinen, J., Bloigu, A., Ukkola, O., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., & Timonen, M. (2021). One-hour post-load glucose improves the prediction of cardiovascular events in the OPERA study. Annals of Medicine, 53(1), 478–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2021.1902557Rinnakkaistallennettu versioSaunajoki, A., Auvinen, J., Saarela, V., Uusitalo, J.-J., Leiviskä, I., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Liinamaa, M. J., & Timonen, M. (2020). Association of glucose metabolism and retinopathy signs in non-diabetic individuals in midlife—The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. PLOS ONE, 15(10), e0240983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240983Rinnakkaistallennettu versioSaunajoki, A., Auvinen, J., Bloigu, A., Saramies, J., Tuomilehto, J., Uusitalo, H., Hussi, E., Cederberg-Tamminen, H., Suija, K., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., & Timonen, M. (2022). Elevated one-hour post-load glucose is independently associated with albuminuria: A cross-sectional population study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(14), 4124. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144124Rinnakkaistallennettu versioAcademic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Health and Biosciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the Leena Palotie auditorium (101A) of the Faculty of Medicine (Aapistie 5 A), on 18 November 2022, at 12 noonAbstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by elevated glucose levels. Recognizing people at high risk for T2D allows interventions that may delay or prevent the development of T2D and diabetes-related complications. The previously accepted methods for identifying these people are fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two-hour post-load glucose (2-h PG) in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). However, one-hour post-load glucose (1-h PG) in an OGTT has risen in interest for its high predictive value for future T2D at an even earlier time point than the currently used methods.
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the ability of 1-h PG to predict T2D and cardiovascular diseases as well as to evaluate the association between 1-h PG and other diabetic complications including retinopathy signs and albuminuria. The value of 1-h PG measurement was compared with current diagnostic methods. Four Finnish study populations were used for the analyses of the present thesis.
The results revealed that 1-h PG was a better predictor of T2D and cardiovascular outcomes than FPG or 2-h PG, also improving the explanatory power of the traditional cardiovascular risk models. Elevated 1-h PG was related to retinopathy signs, while FPG, 2-h PG and HbA1c were not. Both prediabetic ( 8.6 mmol/L) and diabetic ( 11.6 mmol/L) 1-h PG levels were independently associated with albuminuria, but no such an association was seen in FPG, 2-h PG and HbA1c. Furthermore, the 2-h PG did not provide any benefit in addition to FPG and 1-h PG in the prediction of T2D and cardiovascular outcomes or in the detection of albuminuria.
In conclusion, these findings indicate that the use of 1-h PG improves the predictability of T2D and cardiovascular diseases and the detection of retinopathy signs and albuminuria. Together with previous findings, these results indicate that the use of 1-h PG and shortened 1-h OGTT seems reasonable to consider in the future.Tiivistelmä
Tyypin 2 diabetes on yleinen aineenvaihduntasairaus, johon liittyy kohonnut verensokeri. Suuressa sairastumisriskissä olevien potilaiden tunnistaminen on tärkeää, jotta tyypin 2 diabeteksen sekä siihen liittyvien komplikaatioiden kehittymistä voidaan ennaltaehkäistä. Aikaisemmin hyväksytyt menetelmät suuressa sairastumisriskissä olevien potilaiden tunnistamiseksi ovat paastoverensokeri, glukoosirasituskokeen 2 tunnin glukoosi ja glykohemoglobiini A1c (HbA1c). Glukoosirasituskokeen 1 tunnin glukoosi on herättänyt viime aikoina kiinnostusta, sillä sen on havaittu ennustavan hyvin tulevaa tyypin 2 diabetesta jopa varhaisemmassa vaiheessa kuin nykyisin käytössä olevat menetelmät.
Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena oli tutkia 1 tunnin glukoosiarvon kykyä ennustaa tyypin 2 diabetesta ja sydän- ja verisuonitauteja sekä arvioida 1 tunnin glukoosiarvon yhteyttä retinopatiamuutoksiin ja albuminuriaan. Yhden tunnin glukoosiarvoa verrattiin nykyisiin käytössä oleviin diagnostisiin menetelmiin. Tässä väitöskirjassa hyödynnettiin neljää suomalaista väestöpohjaista aineistoa.
Tutkimustulokset osoittivat, että 1 tunnin glukoosiarvo on parempi tyypin 2 diabeteksen sekä sydän- ja verisuonitapahtumien ennustaja kuin paastoglukoosi tai 2 tunnin glukoosi, ja se parantaa myös perinteisten sydän- ja verisuonitautien riskimallien selitysastetta. Retinopatiamuutokset olivat yhteydessä kohonneeseen 1 tunnin glukoosiarvoon, mutta eivät paastoarvoihin, 2 tunnin arvoihin tai HbA1c:hen. Sekä prediabeettinen ( 8.6 mmol/l) että diabeettinen ( 11.6 mmol/l) 1 tunnin glukoosiarvo olivat itsenäisesti yhteydessä albuminuriaan, mutta vastaavaa yhteyttä ei todettu paastoglukoosille, 2 tunnin glukoosille tai HbA1c:lle. Kahden tunnin glukoosiarvo ei myöskään parantanut paastoglukoosin ja 1 tunnin glukoosin lisänä tyypin 2 diabeteksen tai sydän- ja verisuonitapahtumien ennustettavuutta eikä albuminurian tunnistettavuutta.
Tutkimustulosten perusteella 1 tunnin glukoosiarvon käyttö parantaa tyypin 2 diabeteksen ja sydän- ja verisuonitautien ennustettavuutta sekä niiden henkilöiden tunnistamista, joilla on retinopatiamuutoksia tai albuminuriaa. Näiden sekä aikaisempien tutkimustulosten perusteella 1 tunnin glukoosiarvon käyttöönottoa ja glukoosirasituskokeen lyhentämistä kahdesta tunnista yhteen tuntiin tulisi pohtia
Building the content of CSR in the food chain with a stakeholder dialogue
No full textThe paper is concerned with the content of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the food supply chains. The objective is to build the content of CSR in the food chain with a stakeholder dialogue. The research project takes an action oriented approach and is based on case studies. The project draws on three different case food products and their supply chains: rye bread, broiler chicken products and margarine. The content of CSR is constructed in interaction between researchers, consumers, companies and their interest groups. The research project combines the compilation and analysis of extensive information sources, constructive technology assessment and stakeholder workshops. The paper presents how the research process is proceeding in a dialogue with researchers, representatives of case companies, consumers and other stakeholders and provides results on important CSR issues related to the case food products and their supply chains.Corporate social responsibility, supply chain, stakeholders, Agribusiness,
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
Mining e-mail content for author identification forensics
No full textWe describe an investigation into e-mail content mining for author identification, or authorship attribution, for the purpose of forensic investigation. We focus our discussion on the ability to discriminate between authors for the case of both aggregated e-mail topics as well as across different email topics. An extended set of e-mail document features including structural characteristics and linguistic patterns were derived and, together with a Support Vector Machine learning algorithm, were used for mining the e-mail content. Experiments using a number of e-mail documents generated by different authors on a set of topics gave promising results for both aggregated and multi-topic author categorisation
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