174 research outputs found
Umwelt Collapse: The Loss of Umwelt-Ecosystem Integration
No full text<p>Abstract: "Jakob von Uexküll's umwelt theory opens new perspectives for understanding animal extinction. The umwelt is interpreted here as a sum of structural correspondences between an animal's subjective experience, ecosystem, physiology, and behaviour. The global environmental crisis disturbs these meaning-connections. From the umwelt perspective, we may describe extinction as umwelt collapse: The disintegration of an animal's umwelt resulting from the cumulative errors in semiotic processes that mediate an organism and ecosystem. The loss of umwelt-ecosystem integration disturbs "ecological memory," which provides the ecosystem with adaptive modelling and self-design capacities. Making a distinction between core and mediated umwelts, and describing different types of umwelt collapse, are suitable methods for more detailed analysis. The concept of umwelt collapse enables the reinterpretation of extinction, from an internal perspective, as a semiotic breakdown. Such an approach may help us map scenarios of animal extinction, and may lead to successful compensation strategies in adapting to environmental change."</p>
The Negro in the novels of Rene Maran, 1940
No full textThis study of the Negro in the novels of Rene Maran, Frances most prominent contemporary Negro author, is one of several being made at Atlanta University on the Negro in French literature. This attempt to-show how a Negro, the only one ever to receive the Prix Goncourt, portrays his African brothers, is the first American study of Rene Maran's novels. It is hoped that it will be a modest contribution to an almost unexplored field in French literature and that other students of France and her culture will be inspired to make a more extensive study of Rene Maran and his works. The first chapter is devoted to the life of Rene Maran and a discussion of his style and most important works. The second chapter presents the physical characteristics of the Negro as portrayed by Rene' Maran. Emphasis is placed on physical appearance, tribal marks, dress, disease and odors which seem to be especially characteristic of the Negro. The third chapter is devoted to the social characteristics of the Negro with emphasis on home life, food, religion, feasts, and governments. The last chapter will present a summary of the findings of this study. The appendix includes short synopses of each of the novels with Negro characters, and a latter from Monsieur Maran to the writer. aIt is to be regretted that such a small amount of material has been written on Rene Maran. Because of his modesty he has written even less about himself. Biographical material consists principally of Leon Bocquet's "Preface" to le Petit Roi de Chimerie, a fairy story by Rene Maran; le Coeur serre, an autobiography written as a novel; several articles which have appeared in periodicals and the forementioned letter from Monsieur Maran. First editions of all novels, with exception of Le Livre de la brousse, were used. As the latter was unavailable, the second edition (1937) was used. Rene Maran's most important novels on Africa, Batouala, Djouma, Chien de brousse, Le Journal sans date end le Livre de la brousse have been studied. The novelettes Bokorro and Bassarragba have also been used as references but the longer novels have constituted our major interest. Le Petit Roi de Chimerie , though it contains no Negro characters, was quoted because of one excellent example of Rene Maran's style. Less stress has been placed on Le Journal sans date because only one of its characters is a Negro. The writer sincerely appreciates the kindness and help of Rene Maran, whose letter was a source of constant encouragement
An ecosemiotic approach to nature writing
No full textMaran, T. An ecosemiotic approach to nature writing. PAN : philosophy activism nature. 2010; 7, 79-8
René Maran critique littéraire
No full textLes travaux consacrés à René Maran abordent rarement l'activité critique de l'auteur. Outre ses qualités de poète, de romancier, de nouvelliste et fabuliste, d'essayiste, Maran s'est également adonné à la critique littéraire, dans des revues et journaux. C'est cet aspect de l'homme que je souhaite analyser dans les revues Europe, Les Lettres françaises et Présence africaine ainsi que les lettres inédites à Frédéric Jacques Temple, à la fin des années 1940 autour d’Un homme pareil aux autres. Que ressort-il de la lecture de ces articles ? Quelles facettes de l’homme/artiste/esthète révèlent-ils ? Que nous apprennent-ils des affinités intellectuelles de Maran, de ses vues sur la littérature en général et sur celle de l’outre-mer en particulier ? The works devoted to René Maran rarely address his activity as a literary critic. Besides having been a poet, an author, a novelist and a fabulist, an essayist, Maran also devoted himself to literary criticism in journals and publications. We would like to analyze this dimension of his work in the following journals Europe, Les Lettres françaises, Présence africaine, as well as in unpublished letters to Frédéric Jacques Temple, at the end of the 1940s. What comes out of reading these articles? What aspects of the man/artist/aesthete do they reveal? What do they teach us about Maran's intellectual affinities, his views on literature in general and that of Overseas France in particular
La sémiotisation de la matière. Une zone hybride entre l’écocritique matérialiste et la biosémiotique
No full textL’écocritique matérialiste s’intéresse au rapport entre matière et représentation. À cet égard, la biosémiotique et l’écosémiotique fournissent un cadre théorique apte à fonder une compréhension processuelle des relations signifiantes unissant les organismes et leur environnement. La théorie de l’Umwelt de Jakob von Uexküll et celle des affordances de James J. Gibson, mais également la typologie des signes de Charles S. Peirce et la sémiotique culturelle de Iouri Lotman constituent un ensemble théorique cohérent sur lequel l’écocritique matérialiste pourrait s’appuyer pour fonder un modèle conceptuel adéquat à son projet d’interprétation des textes et des pratiques culturelles liées à la nature. Afin d’instaurer un dialogue entre la biosémiotique et l’écocritique matérialiste, un modèle conceptuel décrivant le processus par lequel la matière devient sémiotisée est proposé dans cet article. En tenant compte, d’une part, de la capacité de la matière à produire des significations, mais également, d’autre part, de la façon dont les actions humaines modifient les propriétés sémiotiques de la matière, une zone hybride entre l’agentivité de la matière et la modélisation humaine devrait être considérée dans une perspective écocritique
A sentimenthèque de René Maran em La vie intérieure-poèmes
No full textThe writer René Maran (1887-1960), known for being the first black writer in metropolitan France to receive the prestigious Goncourt prize in 1921 for his novel Batouala (1921), is also the author of a valuable poetic work, but little known or forgotten. This work, contemporary with his prose, proves to be complementary and allows the broadening of the perception we can have of the author. This study seeks, by analysing the author’s sentimenthèque present in the collection of poems La vie intérieure, to reestablish the figure of the great literate and also poet who was René Maran.O escritor René Maran (1887-1960), conhecido por ter sido o primeiro escritor negro, na França metropolitana, a receber o prestigioso prêmio Goncourt em 1921 pelo seu romance Batouala (1921), é também autor de uma obra poética valiosa, mas pouco conhecida ou esquecida. Essa obra, contemporânea de sua prosa, se mostra complementar e permite alargar a percepção que pode se ter do autor. Esse estudo busca por meio da análise da sentimenthèque do autor presente na coletânea de poemas La vie intérieure, reestabelecer a figura do grande poeta, do grande letrado que foi também René Maran
Du nouveau sur le procès Blaise Diagne–René Maran
No full textLe Sénégalais Blaise Diagne (1872-1934), élu à la Chambre en 1914, franc-maçon depuis 1899, assimilationniste, fut nommé en janvier 1918 par Clemenceau commissaire général du recrutement indigène en Afrique. Dans un article paru dans Les Continents le 15 octobre 1924, on l’accuse d’avoir profité personnellement de ce poste, et cet article est attribué au Guyanais René Maran (1887-1960), né à la Martinique, prix Goncourt 1921 pour son roman Batouala, qui avait fondé le journal bimensuel avec le Dahoméen Kojo Tovalou Houénou (1887-1936), avocat et dandy. Diagne intente contre Maran un procès en diffamation qu’il gagne, signant ainsi l’arrêt de mort du journal. Des lettres inédites de Maran, dont la probité ne saurait être mise en doute, montrent que, contrairement à ce qu’on a cru jusqu’ici, il n’était pas l’auteur de l’article incriminé.The Senegalese Blaise Diagne (1872-1934), elected to Parliament in 1914, a freemason since 1899 and a partisan of assimilation, was named in January 1918 by Clemenceau commissioner general for native recruitment in Africa. In an article published in Les Continents on October 15, 1924, he was accused of profiting personally from this post, and the article was attributed to the Guyanese René Maran (1887-1960), born in Martinique, who won the Prix Goncourt in 1921 for his novel Batouala, and who had founded the bi-monthly newspaper with the Dahomean Kojo Tovalou Houénou (1887-1936), attorney and dandy. Diagne sued for libel and won, thereby ensuring the demise of the newspaper. Unpublished letters by Maran, whose integrity cannot be doubted, show that, contrary to what has been believed to date, he was not the author of the offending article
Book review of "Ecosemiotics: The Study of Signs in Changing Ecologies"
No full textReseña del libro: Timo Maran, "Ecosemiotics: The Study of Signs in Changing Ecologies" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020), 70 p
René Maran et la découverte de l’inconscient. Un intérêt ambivalent ?
No full textCette contribution propose d’éclairer l’œuvre de René Maran à partir d’une problématique particulière, celle de la découverte de l’inconscient, qui caractérise le moment dans lequel il écrit. L’avant-texte que nous laisse l’auteur, sous la forme de sa correspondance avec Manoel Gahisto, nous renseigne sur les sources à l’origine de l’œuvre. Parmi celles-ci, la littérature scientifique relative aux découvertes de son époque sur le fonctionnement du psychisme humain tient une place importante. La question que nous nous posons est la suivante : en quoi les lectures scientifiques de René Maran nourrissent-elles l’œuvre ?This article tends to show that the discovery of the unconscious by Dr. Freud is prominent in René Maran's writing - as demonstrated by letters written by the author to his friend of 40 years Manoel Gahisto, revealing many things about his personal life and novels
Impossible généalogie littéraire de René Maran
No full textThe fate of an author and the book mostly depends on the comments of narrators and archivers. Journalistic criticism is largely responsible for the reception of any works with its judgments which is also including heated reactions. Our intervention primarily aims to oust Maran and his character Batouala from the memory of literature as it is being “made” through the press of the time (newspapers and magazines). It also questions the place accorded to it a posteriori by the French and French literary anthologies
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