1,720,978 research outputs found
Scientists' call to action: Microbes, planetary health, and the Sustainable Development Goals
Get PDFMicroorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protists, are essential to life on Earth and the functioning of the biosphere. Here, we discuss the key roles of microorganisms in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting recent and emerging advances in microbial research and technology that can facilitate our transition toward a sustainable future. Given the central role of microorganisms in the biochemical processing of elements, synthesizing new materials, supporting human health, and facilitating life in managed and natural landscapes, microbial research and technologies are directly or indirectly relevant for achieving each of the SDGs. More importantly, the ubiquitous and global role of microbes means that they present new opportunities for synergistically accelerating progress toward multiple sustainability goals. By effectively managing microbial health, we can achieve solutions that address multiple sustainability targets ranging from climate and human health to food and energy production. Emerging international policy frameworks should reflect the vital importance of microorganisms in achieving a sustainable future
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Improving healthcare innovation and decision making by extensive stakeholder involvement
Get PDFHealthcare is a highly complex and dynamic sector. Although it features many typical market dynamics and rules the healthcare sector is prone to product and market failure (Toumi, 2017). It is therefore of utmost importance that healthcare regulation and resource allocation is purposeful, maximises the utility of available care options at the right point in time and is (considered) fair. As immunisation is an excellent public health tool that can protect entire populations from harm, it is particularly important that introduction decisions are based on transparent and accountable evaluation procedures. We demonstrate that it is possible to establish a vaccine expert-based consensus on a core set of decision criteria (priorities) to be taken into consideration by NITAG members in their vaccine introduction decision procedures. We also demonstrate that including these priorities in SMART Vaccines, a vaccine specific multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) tool, would substantially increase the transparency and accountability for reasonableness of SMART Vaccines-based decision procedures. As personalised care and prevention are being recognised as the central plank of dealing with increasing healthcare expenditures, and the primary care setting is ideal for early detection and prevention or postponement of many (non-communicable) diseases, we developed a roadmap concept for re-orienting, in a first step, the primary care health system. Naturally, mobile and smart diagnostics, devices and applications, to be utilised outside of the clinical setting, can facilitate the collection of real-world data in so-called virtual clinical trials (VCTs). However, VCTs are not commonplace as of yet, in particular in Europe. We found that challenges pertinent to general awareness, technical validation and usability of smart devices, data processing, regulatory review, and suboptimal collaboration of stakeholders persist and prevent the broad adoption of VCTs. The findings of the VCT study also highlight some potential challenges but also facilitators for the adoption of the dMC concept. Some challenges identified in the VCT study, in particular those relating to user-centred product design and stakeholder information/data needs, could also be largely addressed by the proper collection and analysis of market intelligence. As even basic market research is not commonly performed by academic entrepreneurs and SMEs and lack in expertise and resources is a prominent barrier, we elicited from experts which market research considerations they consider particularly important and created a market research toolbox for the biopharmaceutics sector. A common theme across all considerations is information asymmetry of innovators towards important stakeholders. Conversely, and in particular in emerging technology fields, R&D activities can outpace regulatory oversight. Currently, there exists paucity of regulatory protocol harmonisation regarding the review of marketing authorisation submissions for live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) – including health claims – in Europe and the USA. To reverse the rationale of the previous study, we collected information from innovators, namely recent patenting activity, to cross-inform regulators of potentially upcoming LBP-technologies that might require regulatory oversight in the near-to mid-term future. We found that overall patenting activity for LBPs is in decline, and heavily concentrated on the Chinese market. Despite the decline, we identified some prominent relative increases for less expected targets. Involving affected stakeholders in innovation processes and exploiting various means to decrease information asymmetry among them can considerably increase resource utilisation efficiency, focus resources on areas that require further research and thereby close knowledge gaps, and reduce frustration and friction caused by exclusive health decision making criteria. Involving and empowering all affected stakeholders to take part in various innovation-related processes and in particular providing patients with the technological means and literacy to better maintain and improve their own health and autonomy, are of paramount importance for the future
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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